恳求翻译。万分感激！！！

恳求翻译这句话，感激万分！！！~

Our company from safeguards food security angle embarking, raw material comes from the qualified supplier completely, will enter the plant later to carry on raw material examination, will carry on the monitoring in processing process's each link, thus guarantee raw material will enter the plant to end product leaving the plant between each link is safe.

We will improve the basic economic system, strengthen the construction of the market system, promote macro-control, taxation, financial, investment system reformdeepening, interest rate and exchange rate marketization reform, enhance the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate,and gradually realize the convertibility of RMB capital account. We will promote reform of the administrative system, further transform government functions,decentralization, straighten out the relationship between the government and the market, a greater degree ofbroader market to play a basic role in the allocation of resources. We will improve the system of science and technology, improve the ability of technological innovation,focus on building of enterprise as the main body, the market as the guidance, the combination of technical innovation system. We will protect and improve people's livelihood, promoting social fairness and justice, promote the realization of higher quality of employment, deepen reform of the income distribution system, improve the social security system and a system of basic public services. We will strengthen the protection of the ecological environment, to promote resource conservation,to create a good production and living environment for the people, and make new contributions to global climate change. We recognize, reform is a profound revolution,involves the vital interests of adjustment, to improve all aspects of the system mechanism. China reform entered a crucial period and the deep zone. This is because, the need to address the issue of reform particularly difficult, is a hard nut to crack, this time should be done in one vigorous effort, have, be afraid to advance not only can not move forward, but may waste all the previous efforts.

人工翻译,保证质量.
有一个建议:制定法译成statutory law似乎好一些.因为你题目中给的是enacted law,所以我尊重了你的翻译.还有,在judge和made之间加个连词符比较好;另,个人认为,引号没有必要加.还有题目中的介词和连词不大写,between我改过来了.
其他的专业词汇应该不会出太大的差错,呵呵,因为我也是法学专业的.
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法官造法和制定法的比较
Comparison between "Judge Made" Law and "Enacted" Law

法官造法通常也称为“司法者造法”、 “判例法”或“不成文法”，是指由司法人员通过审判具体案件而制定出适用于个案的法律。
In general, judge-made law is also called judiciary-made law, case law and unwritten law, which means judicial functionaries formulate laws applied to individual cases by adjudicating specific lawsuits.

制定法通常也称为“立法者造法”或“成文法”，是指由国家的立法机关按照一定程序制定出在社会中普遍适用的法律。
Enacted law is usually considered as legislator-made law and written law, which indicates the legislative body of the nation institutes laws universally applied in society according to certain procedures.

法官造法和制定法各有长短，现将这两者简单比较如下：
Both judge-made law and enacted law have advantages and disadvantages respectively, and comparisons are simply put forward as follows:

一、
Ⅰ
制定法的着眼点是全社会的普遍情况，因此有利于保障法律的普遍适用性和相对稳定性；而法官造法的着眼点是个案的具体情况，因此可以更好地保障法律的个别适用性和灵活适用性。
Enacted law helps to maintain the universal applicability and relative stability of law, the respect of which is the general conditions of the whole society, while judge-made law takes more advantages in particular and flexible applicability of law, focusing on specific situations of individual cases.

二、
Ⅱ
法官造法属于个人造法，它比较容易受到法官的成见、好恶、情感、能力等个人因素的影响；而对于制定法，由于立法机关一般都是由民选代表组成的，在社会中具有广泛的代表性，而且立法者要按照民主的方式和程序集体造法，所以能更好地反映人民的意志。因此，制定法比法官造法更具有权威性和统一性。
Judge-made law is individualistic which is more likely to be influenced by personal elements such as prejudice, likes and dislikes, emotions and capabilities of the judges. On the contrary, enacted law can express the will of the people, as the legislative body, establishing laws in terms of democratic methods and procedures, is usually composed of delegates who are broadly representative in society. Hence enacted law is more authoritative and more integrative than judge-made law.

但是，也正因为立法者造法需要通过复杂的程序来集思广益，所以效率比较低；而司法者造法的效率则比较高。
However, the complicated proceedings needed in enacted law also lead to lower efficiency compared with judge-made law.

三、
Ⅲ
制定法往往过于原则化、抽象化，法官手中掌有太大的自由裁量权，法院判决的随意性太大；而法官造法的规定则往往比制定法的规定更为具体详细，它可以更有效地限制法官个人的自由裁量权，防止法官在审判中把个人的成见、情感等因素作为判决的依据，从而更好地维护社会正义和实现司法公正。
Enacted law is usually of excessive principle and abstraction, and thus over-discretion is endowed to judges, which results in great arbitrariness of court judgment; whereas regulations in judge-made law are more specific and detailed, which prevents judges taking personal prejudices and emotions as the basis of adjudication by effectively restricting discretion of judges, thereby protecting social justice and achieving judicial fairness.

当然，若法官随意造法，就等于否定了立法的作用。如果法官可以超越甚至抛弃现行法律的精神和原则，随心所欲地创造法律，那就会导致司法越权甚至司法专横，这将会使法官的权力过大而使公民的权利随时面临着法官新造之法的威胁。
Indeed, judges’ making law at random means denial of the functions of legislation. If judges can create laws at will beyond or even discarding the spirits and principles of present laws, authority-exceeding as far as arbitrariness of judicature will occur, which over-magnifies the power of judges with civil rights open to the threats of new judge-made law all the time.

四、
Ⅳ
立法滞后于社会发展是一种必然现象，特别是当一个国家处于社会转型和重大变革的时期。因为立法者立法时的预见力和表达力是有限的，所以制定法中存在一些漏洞或空白也是不可避免的。
It is inevitable that legislation appears delayed behind the social development, especially in the period of social transformation and critical reformation for a country. Since the legislator is limited in the capabilities of prediction and expression, flaws and blanks are unavoidable in enacted law.

五、
Ⅴ
造法的实质在于发现法的规律和精神，衡量法律好坏的标准不应该看它是谁造的，而应该看其是否符合法的基本精神和客观规律。
Since the essence of creating law depends on the discovery of principles and spirits accumulated in law, it is not who makes the law but whether the law answers for the fundamental spirits and objective principles that decides the quality of law.

综上所述不难看出，在发挥法的作用，维护社会正义和实现司法公正的总体过程中，我们不能片面地断定孰优孰劣。我认为，采取以制定法为主以法官造法为辅才是一种比较合理造法模式。
As mentioned above, it is obvious that we are not supposed to be single-faceted in determining which is better in the long run of taking law into effect to protect social justice and achieve judicial fairness. I believe it a more rational mode of law-making to give priority to enacted law with judge-made law as supplement.

--------------------------------
whole passage

Comparison between "Judge Made" Law and "Enacted" Law

In general, judge-made law is also called judiciary-made law, case law and unwritten law, which means judicial functionaries formulate laws applied to individual cases by adjudicating specific lawsuits.
Enacted law is usually considered as legislator-made law and written law, which indicates the legislative body of the nation institutes laws universally applied in society according to certain procedures.
Both judge-made law and enacted law have advantages and disadvantages respectively, and comparisons are simply put forward as follows:

Ⅰ
Enacted law helps to maintain the universal applicability and relative stability of law, the respect of which is the general conditions of the whole society, while judge-made law takes more advantages in particular and flexible applicability of law, focusing on specific situations of individual cases.

Ⅱ
Judge-made law is individualistic which is more likely to be influenced by personal elements such as prejudice, likes and dislikes, emotions and capabilities of the judges. On the contrary, enacted law can express the will of the people, as the legislative body, establishing laws in terms of democratic methods and procedures, is usually composed of delegates who are broadly representative in society. Hence enacted law is more authoritative and more integrative than judge-made law.
However, the complicated proceedings needed in enacted law also lead to lower efficiency compared with judge-made law.

Ⅲ
Enacted law is usually of excessive principle and abstraction, and thus over-discretion is endowed to judges, which results in great arbitrariness of court judgment; whereas regulations in judge-made law are more specific and detailed, which prevents judges taking personal prejudices and emotions as the basis of adjudication by effectively restricting discretion of judges, thereby protecting social justice and achieving judicial fairness.
Indeed, judges’ making law at random means denial of the functions of legislation. If judges can create laws at will beyond or even discarding the spirits and principles of present laws, authority-exceeding as far as arbitrariness of judicature will occur, which over-magnifies the power of judges with civil rights open to the threats of new judge-made law all the time.

Ⅳ
It is inevitable that legislation appears delayed behind the social development, especially in the period of social transformation and critical reformation for a country. Since the legislator is limited in the capabilities of prediction and expression, flaws and blanks are unavoidable in enacted law.

Ⅴ
Since the essence of creating law depends on the discovery of principles and spirits accumulated in law, it is not who makes the law but whether the law answers for the fundamental spirits and objective principles that decides the quality of law.

As mentioned above, it is obvious that we are not supposed to be single-faceted in determining which is better in the long run of taking law into effect to protect social justice and achieve judicial fairness. I believe it a more rational mode of law-making to give priority to enacted law with judge-made law as supplement.

法官造法和制定法的比较

法官造法通常也称为“司法者造法”、 “判例法”或“不成文法”，是指由司法人员通过审判具体案件而制定出适用于个案的法律。
制定法通常也称为“立法者造法”或“成文法”，是指由国家的立法机关按照一定程序制定出在社会中普遍适用的法律。
法官造法和制定法各有长短，现将这两者简单比较如下：
一、
制定法的着眼点是全社会的普遍情况，因此有利于保障法律的普遍适用性和相对稳定性；而法官造法的着眼点是个案的具体情况，因此可以更好地保障法律的个别适用性和灵活适用性。
二、
法官造法属于个人造法，它比较容易受到法官的成见、好恶、情感、能力等个人因素的影响；而对于制定法，由于立法机关一般都是由民选代表组成的，在社会中具有广泛的代表性，而且立法者要按照民主的方式和程序集体造法，所以能更好地反映人民的意志。因此，制定法比法官造法更具有权威性和统一性。
但是，也正因为立法者造法需要通过复杂的程序来集思广益，所以效率比较低；而司法者造法的效率则比较高。
三、
制定法往往过于原则化、抽象化，法官手中掌有太大的自由裁量权，法院判决的随意性太大；而法官造法的规定则往往比制定法的规定更为具体详细，它可以更有效地限制法官个人的自由裁量权，防止法官在审判中把个人的成见、情感等因素作为判决的依据，从而更好地维护社会正义和实现司法公正。
当然，若法官随意造法，就等于否定了立法的作用。如果法官可以超越甚至抛弃现行法律的精神和原则，随心所欲地创造法律，那就会导致司法越权甚至司法专横，这将会使法官的权力过大而使公民的权利随时面临着法官新造之法的威胁。
四、
立法滞后于社会发展是一种必然现象，特别是当一个国家处于社会转型和重大变革的时期。因为立法者立法时的预见力和表达力是有限的，所以制定法中存在一些漏洞或空白也是不可避免的。
五、
造法的实质在于发现法的规律和精神，衡量法律好坏的标准不应该看它是谁造的，而应该看其是否符合法的基本精神和客观规律。
综上所述不难看出，在发挥法的作用，维护社会正义和实现司法公正的总体过程中，我们不能片面地断定孰优孰劣。我认为，采取以制定法为主以法官造法为辅才是一种比较合理造法模式。

（注：Comparison Between "Judge Made" Law and "Enacted" Law——这是题目的翻译）
问题补充：再回第三位朋友“山谷幽士 - 高级经理 六级 ”之答：
呵呵：）谢谢你的好意！
我也有想过按你说的那样做，但是我觉得自己翻出来后别人再改的话就不会超出我已经固有的那个版本，而我知道的英语写作水平实在有限，所以还是让高手给我翻个好的版本更好些。
再次感谢你的关心！翻译英语是Judges make law usually referred to as "judicial law-making people" and "case law" or "unwritten law" is a member of the Judiciary specific cases through trial and developed to be applied in the case of the law. Enacted laws generally referred to as "legislators make law" or "statutory" referred to the legislature in accordance with the procedures that must be worked out in society generally applicable law. Judges make law and the development of law have both, I have two simple comparison are as follows : 1. enactment is the focus of the entire society in general, it helps protect the universal applicability of the law and the relative stability; and the judges make law is the focus of the specific case, So will better safeguard the legal applicability of the individual and flexible application. 2, the judges make law is man-made law, it is relatively easy to be judge prejudices, likes and dislikes, feelings, ability and other personal factors; and for the development of law, the legislature are generally made up of elected representatives, in a society with a broad representation, and in accordance with democratic legislators to the modalities and procedures of collective law-making, they are able to better reflect the will of the people. Therefore, making a law than law-making judges more authority and unity. However, precisely because legislators make law through complex procedures to brainstorming, so efficiency is relatively low; and the judicial officers of the law-making efficiency is relatively high. Third, in formulating principles of law too often, abstract, the judge is holding the hands of too much discretion, When the court decision much; The judge said the law is often more than required by the development of more specific and detailed, It can be more effective in limiting the freedom of individual judges discretion to prevent the trial judge in the personal prejudices, Emotional factors as a basis for their decisions, in order to better maintain social justice and the achievement of justice. Of course, if the judge arbitrary law-making, it amounts to a rejection of the legislative role. If judges can transcend even discard the spirit of the existing law and principles, and to engage in creating laws, it will lead to justice ultra vires or arbitrary justice, This will enable judges too much power so the rights of citizens are subject to the judge's law new threats. 4 legislation lagging behind in social development is a natural phenomenon, especially when a country undergoing social restructuring, and major changes in the period. Legislative because the legislators anticipate and expression is limited. So enacted law there are some loopholes or gaps is also inevitable. 5, the real law-making method is found to the laws and spirit of measuring the quality of legal standards should not look at it to those who built, should see if it meets the basic spirit and the objective law. In summary it is not difficult to see the role played by law to maintain social justice and the realization of justice in the whole process, We can not unilaterally determine which is better. I believe that the adoption of a law enacted mainly to supplement judges make law is a more reasonable law-making mode

Judges make law usually referred to as "judicial law-making people" and "case law" or "unwritten law" is a member of the Judiciary specific cases through trial and developed to be applied in the case of the law. Enacted laws generally referred to as "legislators make law" or "statutory" referred to the legislature in accordance with the procedures that must be worked out in society generally applicable law. Judges make law and the development of law have both, I have two simple comparison are as follows : 1. enactment is the focus of the entire society in general, it helps protect the universal applicability of the law and the relative stability; and the judges make law is the focus of the specific case, So will better safeguard the legal applicability of the individual and flexible application. 2, the judges make law is man-made law, it is relatively easy to be judge prejudices, likes and dislikes, feelings, ability and other personal factors; and for the development of law, the legislature are generally made up of elected representatives, in a society with a broad representation, and in accordance with democratic legislators to the modalities and procedures of collective law-making, they are able to better reflect the will of the people. Therefore, making a law than law-making judges more authority and unity. However, precisely because legislators make law through complex procedures to brainstorming, so efficiency is relatively low; and the judicial officers of the law-making efficiency is relatively high. Third, in formulating principles of law too often, abstract, the judge is holding the hands of too much discretion, When the court decision much; The judge said the law is often more than required by the development of more specific and detailed, It can be more effective in limiting the freedom of individual judges discretion to prevent the trial judge in the personal prejudices, Emotional factors as a basis for their decisions, in order to better maintain social justice and the achievement of justice. Of course, if the judge arbitrary law-making, it amounts to a rejection of the legislative role. If judges can transcend even discard the spirit of the existing law and principles, and to engage in creating laws, it will lead to justice ultra vires or arbitrary justice, This will enable judges too much power so the rights of citizens are subject to the judge's law new threats. 4 legislation lagging behind in social development is a natural phenomenon, especially when a country undergoing social restructuring, and major changes in the period. Legislative because the legislators anticipate and expression is limited. So enacted law there are some loopholes or gaps is also inevitable. 5, the real law-making method is found to the laws and spirit of measuring the quality of legal standards should not look at it to those who built, should see if it meets the basic spirit and the objective law. In summary it is not difficult to see the role played by law to maintain social justice and the realization of justice in the whole process, We can not unilaterally determine which is better. I believe that the adoption of a law enacted mainly to supplement judges make law is a more reasonable law-making mode.

看看合不合你的标准 符合的话记得给分吧

英语 → 中文(简体) 中文(简体) → 英语 中文(简体) → 中文(繁体) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 英语 → 中文(繁体) 中文(繁体) → 英语 中文(繁体) → 中文(简体) 英语 → 日语 日语 → 英语 英语 → 韩国语 韩国语 → 英语 英语 → 俄语 英语 → 荷兰语 英语 → 法语 英语 → 德语 英语 → 希腊语 英语 → 意大利语 英语 → 葡萄牙语 英语 → 西班牙语 俄语 → 英语 法语 → 荷兰语 法语 → 英语 法语 → 德语 法语 → 希腊语 法语 → 意大利语 法语 → 葡萄牙语 法语 → 西班牙语 德语 → 英语 德语 → 法语 西班牙语 → 英语 西班牙语 → 法语 意大利语 → 英语 意大利语 → 法语 葡萄牙语 → 英语 葡萄牙语 → 法语 荷兰语 → 英语 荷兰语 → 法语 希腊语 → 英语 希腊语 → 法语翻 译 翻译结果
. Judge makes the law and the written law comparison Judge makes the law usually also to be called "the judicatureto make the law", "the case-law" or "the unwritten law", is refers bythe judicial personnel formulates through the trial concrete case issuitable for the document law. The written law usually also is called "the legislator to make thelaw" or "the written law", is refers by the national legislatureformulates in due course in the society the universal suitable law. Judge makes the law and the written law respectively has the length,presently these two is simple quite as follows: First, The written law objective point is the entire society'suniversal situation, therefore is advantageous to the safeguard lawuniversal serviceability and the relative stability; But judge themaking method objective point is the document special details,therefore may safeguard legal well the individual serviceability andthe nimble serviceability. Second, Judge makes the law to belong to man-made method, it quite iseasy to receive judge's prejudice, the likes and dislikes, theemotion, the ability and so on individual factor influence; Butregarding written law, because the legislature generally all iscomposed by the elected by the people representative, has thewidespread representation in the society, moreover the legislatorwants to defer to the democracy the way and the procedure collectivemakes the law, therefore can reflect people's will well. Therefore,formulates French and Belgian judge to make the law to have 权威性and the unity. But, also just because the legislator makes the law to need to profitby opinions from various sources through the complex procedure,therefore the efficiency quite is low; But judicature making methodefficiency then quite is high. Third, Written law often too principle, abstract, judge in the handthe palm has the too big freedom to decide after deliberation thepower, the court decision too is at will big; But judge making methodgauge rule often compared to written law stipulation more concretedetailed, it may effectively limit judge individual freedom to decideafter deliberation the power, prevented judge in the trial individualfactor and so on prejudice, emotion takes the decision the basis, thusdefends the social justice and the realization judicature well isfair. Certainly, if judge makes the law at will, was equal to denied thelegislation function. If judge may surmount even abandons presentlegal the spirit and the principle, creates the law with wishesfulfilled, that can cause the judicature to exceed authority thejudicature to be even despotic, this will be able to cause judge'sauthority to cause citizen's right oversized to face judge newly tomake the law threat as necessary. Fourth, The legislation lag to the social development is one kind ofinevitable phenomenon, specially when a country is in social reformingand the significant transformation time. Because time the legislatorlegislation foresight strength and the expression strength arelimited, therefore in the written law has some loopholes or the blankalso is inevitable. Fifth, The making method essence lies in the discovery method ruleand the spirit, the weight law quality standard should not look it iswho makes, whether but should look at it coincidence method the basicspirit and the objective law. In summary is not difficult to see, in the display method function,defends the social justice and in the realization judicature fairoverall process, we cannot one-sidedly conclude which one is good andwhich one is bad. I believed that, adopts primarily to judge makes thelaw auxiliary take the written law as is one kind quite reasonablymakes the law pattern.

Judges make law and the development of law in law-making judges are usually referred to as "judicial law-making people" "jurisprudence" or "unwritten law" is a member of the Judiciary specific cases through trial and developed to be applied in the case of the law. Enacted laws generally referred to as "legislators make law" or "statutory" referred to the legislature in accordance with the procedures that must be worked out in society generally applicable law. Judges make law and the development of law have both, I have two simple comparison are as follows : 1. enactment is the focus of the entire society in general, it helps protect the universal applicability of the law and the relative stability; and the judges make law is the focus of the specific case, So will better safeguard the legal applicability of the individual and flexible application. 2, the judges make law is man-made law, it is relatively easy to be judge prejudices, likes and dislikes, feelings, ability and other personal factors; and for the development of law, the legislature are generally made up of elected representatives, in a society with a broad representation, and in accordance with democratic legislators to the modalities and procedures of collective law-making, they are able to better reflect the will of the people. Therefore, making a law than law-making judges more authority and unity. However, precisely because legislators make law through complex procedures to brainstorming, so efficiency is relatively low; and the judicial officers of the law-making efficiency is relatively high. Third, in formulating principles of law too often, abstract, the judge is holding the hands of too much discretion, When the court decision much; The judge said the law is often more than required by the development of more specific and detailed, It can be more effective in limiting the freedom of individual judges discretion to prevent the trial judge in the personal prejudices, Emotional factors as a basis for their decisions, in order to better maintain social justice and the achievement of justice. Of course, if the judge arbitrary law-making, it amounts to a rejection of the legislative role. If judges can transcend even discard the spirit of the existing law and principles, and to engage in creating laws, it will lead to justice ultra vires or arbitrary justice, This will enable judges too much power so the rights of citizens are subject to the judge's law new threats. 4 legislation lagging behind in social development is a natural phenomenon, especially when a country undergoing social restructuring, and major changes in the period. Legislative because the legislators anticipate and expression is limited. So enacted law there are some loopholes or gaps is also inevitable. 5, the real law-making method is found to the laws and spirit of measuring the quality of legal standards should not look at it to those who built, should see if it meets the basic spirit and the objective law. In summary it is not difficult to see the role played by law to maintain social justice and the realization of justice in the whole process, We can not unilaterally determine which is better. I believe that the adoption of a law enacted mainly to supplement judges make law is a more reasonable law-making mode.

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茆茂冠心： 好像都是自动化,半自动化产物吧!看这个人工的:With the arrival of the economic globalization, especially after our country joins WTO, the contacts between our country and area all around the world are more and more frequent, the function that ...

修文县19341516285： 恳请翻译一篇英文文件, 万分感谢! - ？
茆茂冠心： 亲爱的周小川刘, 恭喜!您已被接受的密集英语课程在Callfornia国家大学北岭分校( CSUN ) 1.Orientation 新的学生定向从星期三开始, 10月14,2009 2.Tution付款 您有责任支付学费全额事先到您的第一届会议,并炎不予退还.您不得转让学...

修文县19341516285： 请英语高手帮忙翻译!!万分感激.... - ？
茆茂冠心： 2005年9月,北京办事处的美国皮博迪能源公司,这是最大的私营煤炭公司在世界上,正式成立.目前,皮博迪能源已接触与华能国际电力国际公司,神华集团以及一些大型钢铁企业,在未来...

修文县19341516285： 请翻译下句子 啊 万分感激! - ？
茆茂冠心： 与wii 遥远的沟通已经被打断,电池费用降下来了.

修文县19341516285： 急!!!帮忙翻译成日文,万分感激 - ？
茆茂冠心： 家庭の原因で大学に入ることができないため、それでも、私も放弃していないで、技术工学校に入って、デジタル制御の加工の学习を始めて、1つの执着の冲劲によって、学校の时に、私はコンピュータの中级の等级の证明书、CAD中级の...