神州6号英文介绍

神州六号的英文写法~

The Shenzhou No.6 Manned Spacecraft
Shenzhou VI


《纽约时报》关于“中国神州飞船”的英语翻译

攀枝花市三中高三学生常晗矫

美国普林斯顿大学一位中文教授对《纽约时报》所翻译的“神州飞船”的英文提出不同意见，原文如下：
TotheEditor
Re“ChinaSendsaManIntoOrbit,EnteringtheU.S-RussianClub”(frontpage,Oct.15):
YouandotherstranslateShenzhou,thenameoftheChinesespaceship,asDivineVessel.Thisistooreligious.
Shenheremeansmagicalorfabulous,butnotsacred.Thetwosyllablesshenzhoualsoformahomonymforanold-fashionedromantictermforChinaasthe“magicalland”.SotoaChineseear,thenameofthespacecraftfeelssomethinglike“miraculousCathay”doesinEnglish.

PERRYLINKPrincetonJunction,N.J
Oct.15,2003
ThewriterisaprofessorofChineseatPrincetonUniversity

致编者：

关于“中国将一个人送入太空轨道，加入美俄俱乐部”（头版，10月15日）。
您和其他人将中国载人飞船“神舟”号翻译成“DivineVessel”（神圣的船），这显得过于宗教化了。
“神”在这里是“不可思议，难以置信”的意思，而“神舟”二字与“中国”的另一个古老而具有传奇色彩的称谓“神州”同音。所以，在中国人听来，这个名字就相当于英语中的“miraculousCathay”（神奇的中国）。

佩里，林克新泽西州普林斯顿江克欣城
2003年10月15日
（作者系普林斯顿大学汉语教授）
攀枝花双新研究所肖克东校

肖克东

地址：四川省攀枝花市学园路双新研究所
邮编：617000
电话：(0812)33425535114525
电邮：xiaokedong@tsinghua.org.cn
xiaokedong2004@pku.org.cn

As is accurately revealed in the table above, Shen-zhou series spaceflight missions have been consecutively and successfully carried out over the past seven years (from 1999 to 2005). The successful launch of Shen-zhou Ⅵ, in particular, has inspired every Chinese both at home and abroad.

The implied meaning of the table above can be briefly stated as follows. To begin with, the Opening-up and Reform has brought about fruitful achievements. It is well-known that the Opening-up and Reform has greatly improved the growth of our national economy, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of science and technology including aeronautics and astronautics. What’s more, Chinese science and technology have achieved the advanced world level. The construction and launch of space vehicle depend on the technical support from such disciplines as materials science, biology, communications, meteorology and astronomy. The successful launch of Shen-zhou Ⅵ has proved that the comprehensive capability of Chinese science and technology are of world class. In sum, the successful launch of Shen-zhou represents the feat of Opening-up and Reform and the rapid development of our science and technology.

In my view, the prospect of China is bound to be more promising. On the one hand, our government will place more stress on the development of science and technology. On the other hand, the growth of science and technology will contribute to the improvement of our life, study, and work. Therefore, we have good reasons to embrace a harmonious and well-off society with open arms.

Shenzhou 6 (Chinese: 神舟六号) was the second human spaceflight of the People's Republic of China, launched on 12 October 2005 on a Long March rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of Fèi Jùnlóng (费俊龙) and Niè Hǎishèng (聂海胜) for five days in low Earth orbit. The crew were able to change out of their new lighter space suits, conduct scientific experiments, and enter the orbital module for the first time, giving them access to toilet facilities. It landed in the Siziwang Banner of Inner Mongolia, the same as the previous manned and unmanned Shenzhou flights.

Crew
Fèi Jùnlóng, Commander
Niè Hǎishèng, Flight engineer

Backup crew
Team 1: Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng
Team 2: Zhai Zhigang, Wu Jie
This is the first spaceflight for both astronauts. The crew was introduced to the Chinese populace and international media about five hours before the launch. Niè Hǎishèng celebrated his 41st birthday in space.

Huang Chunping, the chief designer of the Long March 2F rocket, was quoted in the Beijing Times as saying the astronauts who would fly the mission were selected from a pool of three pairs. Five pairs of astronauts trained for the flight and about one month before launch the two pairs with the worst performances were dropped. The Ta Kung Pao newspaper had reported that Zhai Zhigang and Nie Haisheng were the leading pair, after having been in the final group of three for Shenzhou 5.

Mission highlights

Launch
The astronauts arrived at the spacecraft about 2 hours and 45 minutes before the launch and the hatch closed 30 minutes after their arrival. At 01:00:03.583 UTC on October 12 Shenzhou 6 lifted off from the launch pad at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The launch phase was reported to be normal with the escape rocket separating 120 seconds after launch when the rocket was travelling 1,300 m/s (4300 ft/s). Sixteen seconds later the four booster rockets separating at an altitude of 52 km (32 miles). The payload fairing and first stage detached 200 seconds after launch. The second stage burned for a further 383 seconds and the spacecraft separated from the rocket 200 km (124 miles) above the Yellow Sea. The spacecraft then used its own propulsion system to place it into a 211 km by 345 km (131 by 214 statute miles) orbit, with an inclination of 42.4 degrees, about 21 minutes after launch.[1] At 01:39 UTC Chen Bingde, the Chief Commander of the Chinese space program, announced the launch was successful. The crew ate their first meal in space at 03:11 UTC.

Before the flight, the launch time had been the object of speculation by the Chinese media. For several months before the planned launch its time was only given as mid-October, or even late-September. Then on 23 September it was reported by the Hong Kong-based news agency China News Service that the launch was tentatively scheduled for 03:00 UTC on 13 October. This launch time was confirmed two weeks later by Jiang Jingshan, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. But then on 10 October an official from the technical department of the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center said the launch was then scheduled for 01:00 UTC on 12 October. This new launch time could have been designed to dodge the cold weather which had been forecast to hit the area.[2] Assembly of the rocket was reported complete on 26 September.[3] On 4 October, the Shenzhou 6 spacecraft was attached to the CZ-2F rocket, also known as Shenjian.[4]

Unlike the unmanned Shenzhou flights, Shenzhou 5 and 6 were launched during daylight hours to provide greater safety in case of abort. The launch was televised live with China Central Television selling advertising for RMB¥2.56 million (US$316,000) for five seconds, to RMB¥8.56 million (US$1 million) for 30 seconds.[5] A video camera had been added to the rocket and images of it were broadcast during the ascent and the separation of the Shenzhou spacecraft.

Shortly after launch, recovery crews began searching a region from the Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia to Shaanxi for the launch escape tower, booster rockets, first stage and payload fairing. Of particular interest was the "black box" of the rocket, which contained telemetry that may not have been downlinked during the launch phase. It was found 45 minutes after launch somewhere near Otog Banner. It was first sighted by a herdswoman, Lian Hua, about 1.5 km from her home. Other wreckage from the launch was found and destroyed at its impact location or brought back to Jiuquan.[6]

President Hu Jintao was present at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center to watch the launch. Premier Wen Jiabao was present at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

Five days in orbit
The first of several orbit changing maneuver happened as planned at 07:54:45, with a 63 second burn to circularize the orbit. Based on United States Space Command orbital elements, it is in a 332 by 336 km (206 by 209 statute miles) orbit. After about an hour and a half, the hatch between the re-entry and orbital modules was opened and, for the first time, crew were able to enter the second living compartment of the Shenzhou spacecraft. Fèi Jùnlóng was the first to enter, while Niè Hǎishèng remained in the reentry module. They would swap positions about three hours later.

At 13:32 UTC, Niè and Fèi had a seven minute conversation with their wives and children who were in Mission Control.[7] Niè's daughter sang "Happy Birthday to You", as his birthday is 13 October.

The activities of the crew were not fully revealed by the Chinese. Only vague references to experiments were made, though some were made public. One experiment involved the crew testing the reaction of the spacecraft to movement within the orbital and reentry modules. They moved between the modules, opening and closing the hatches and operating equipment with "more strength" than normally required.[8]

A second orbital maneuver occurred at 21:56 on October 13. It raised the orbit that had been lowered due to atmospheric drag, and lasted 6.5 seconds.

On October 15, Niè and Fèi had a two minute conversation with President Hu Jintao, beginning at 08:29. During the conversation, Hu told them "The motherland and people are proud of you. I hope you will successfully complete your task by carrying out the mission calmly and carefully and have a triumphant return".[9]

Re-entry and landing

Astronaut Nie Haisheng gets out of the re-entry capsule of the Shenzhou VI spacecraft at the main landing field in Central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.The re-entry process began at 19:44 on October 16 when the orbital module separated as planned from the rest of the spacecraft. Unlike with the Soyuz spacecraft, this is done before the re-entry burn, allowing the orbital module to stay in orbit for extended months-long missions or to act as a docking target for later flights. The orbital module fired its engines twice on 19 October to give it a circular orbit with a height of 355 km (220 miles).[10]

One minute after this separation, the engines on the service module ignited over the coast of West Africa to slow the spacecraft. At 20:07, the re-entry module separated and five minutes later the re-entry proper began, as the Shenzhou capsule entered the top of the atmosphere, over China. The communications blackout that occurs during re-entry started at 20:16 and two minutes later radio communication was regained with the spacecraft. The main parachute opened and the capsule began to slowly descend to a landing on the Inner Mongolia northern grasslands at 4:33 a.m. local time (20:33 UTC).[11] The capsule landed approximately 1 km (about 1000 yards) from its planned target.[12]

About half an hour after landing the recovery forces had the hatch of the spacecraft open and first Fèi and then Niè emerged. Hou Ying, chief designer of the landing site system, said the recovery was improved over that of Shenzhou 5.[13] After medical check-ups and a light meal the astronauts were put on a special plane bound for Beijing, where they were placed into medical isolation for the following two weeks.[14] At 21:46, Chen Bingde had declared the entire mission to be a success. The capsule was returned to Beijing by train and handed over to China Research Institute of Space Technology at Changping Railway Station.[15]

There were two planned landing sites for the mission. The primary site was the banner of Siziwang in Inner Mongolia. The secondary site was at the Jiuquan launch site. In addition, there were recovery forces at Yinchuan, Yulin and Handan. It is also possible for the Shenzhou spacecraft to splashdown in the ocean should the need arise, with further recovery crews in the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.[16]

Some Chinese diplomats are trained and equipped for any emergency landing at sites that are not on Chinese territory. Zhang Shuting, chief designer of the emergency and rescue system, has said that emergency landing sites have been identified in Australia, Southwest Asia, North Africa, Western Europe, the United States and South America.[17] The diplomatic mission nearest to the landing site will be given the task to head any rescue mission if necessary. The Chinese government had advised Australia that emergency landing sites have been identified in New South Wales, Queensland, the Northern Territory and Western Australia. Emergency Management Australia, the Australian government agency that co-ordinates the response to major contingencies, has said they are ready to deal with any emergencies that arise during spaceflights.[18] However, the return module is designed to allow access from the outside only to those with a special key. A copy of this key has not been made available to Australian officials, but it was reported that an unnamed Chinese military attaché at the Chinese embassy in Canberra had one.[19]

Upgrades
The Chinese space officials have said that the Long March 2F rocket featured a "fire security system" on the escape tower. Speculation on what this means ranges from better fail-safes to stop accidental firings, to the addition of a fire extinguisher. The Wen Wei Po newspaper have reported that the rocket appeared the same as that used for Shenzhou 5 except that a "transition segment" was visible at the top of the Shenzhou 6 stack, attached to one end of the orbital module.

China Aerospace Science and Technology, the major manufacturer of both the Shenzhou spacecraft and the Long March rocket have said that although the flight featured a second astronaut and was much longer than Shenzhou 5, the rocket and spacecraft did not weigh much more due to optimisation of its systems[20]. Only 200 kg (about 440 lb) more was needed for the second astronaut.[21] Among the amenities on board for the crew was hot food, sleeping bags and essential sanitary equipment. The sleeping bag was hooked to a wall of the orbital module and the crew had alternating sleep periods.[22] The shock absorbers in the crew seats were redesigned so as to provide more safety to the crew in case the braking rockets fail to fire just before touchdown. The flight telemetry recorder on the spacecraft had its memory increased to about 1 gigabyte, and the read/write speed was now 10 times as fast as the computers carried on previous flights.[23] It was also about half the size of that carried on Shenzhou 5.

The menu included pineapple-filled mooncakes, green vegetables, braised bamboo shoots, rice, and bean congee. In total there was 40 kg (about 88 lb) of food on board.[24] A somewhat strange aspect of the mission reported in the Chinese press was the fixation on the purity of drinking water for the astronauts, where it was claimed that their water reportedly comes from a mine 1.7 km (1.1 miles) underground and was disinfected with an electrolytic silver solution. It has thus been said by the press that they are drinking the "purest water in China".

It had been reported that, on Shenzhou 5, astronaut Yang Liwei suffered from a "minor heartache" after his launch. It is thought that this refers to space adaptation syndrome experienced by about one third of astronauts during the first few days of a spaceflight. The People's Daily said that the interior design of the spacecraft has been changed to hopefully lessen the likelihood of nausea and other symptoms.

Experiments
It was announced in July 2005 that Shenzhou 6 would carry one experiment involving the sperm of pigs from Rongchang County, Chongqing.[25] But on October 11 it was revealed by Liu Luxiang, director of the Centre for Space Breeding at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, that there were no plans for animal or plant seeds on the flight. He said the focus of Shenzhou 6 was the physical reactions of the crew to the space environment.[26]

Morris Jones who writes for SpaceDaily.com has speculated that the lack of any other announced experiments suggested that the mission could be oriented more toward the military. The crew could have operated a large surveillance film camera, supplementing the unmanned recoverable satellite program.

Tracking

Yuanwang 2 in Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand on 27 October 2005. The ship was resupplying after being at sea to support the flightThere are 20 land-based tracking stations in the Chinese space telemetry network. These are supplemented by four Yuanwang-series tracking ships. The Beijing Aerospace Command global map showed their positions to be:[27]

Yuanwang 1 in the Yellow Sea
Yuanwang 2 about 1500 km (about 900 statute miles) southwest of French Polynesia
Yuanwang 3 another off the Namibian coast
Yuanwang 4 another off the coast of Western Australia in the Indian Ocean
Only one other land-based tracking station is outside China — at Swakopmund in Namibia.

Shortly after the Shenzhou 5 flight in 2003, the Pacific nation of Kiribati established diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), leading the People's Republic of China (PRC) to cut off diplomatic ties under its One-China policy. Following this, the PRC has dismantled a tracking station that had been built on Tarawa, the capital island of Kiribati, to track spaceflights

SHENG ZHOU 6

sheng zhou six
哈哈

楼上好象是对的

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