英语高手请进
帮你分析一下:
第一句填I
don't
know
,因为后面有提到
I
don’t
know,either
,either是也的意思,这句话翻译就是我也不知道,所以前面要填I
don't
know
,就是我不知道。
第二句填How
about
fishing?为什么??你可能会问。纵观全文,都是在围绕钓鱼,而且A在第四行有说道he
can
take
us
to
fish
on
the
lake,他可以带我们去湖上fish,在这里fish不是鱼的意思,而是做动词,钓鱼。所以根据B所说:sure,what
would
you
like
to
do?指的是你想做什么,也就是下文所说的钓鱼。所以填上How
about
fishing?钓鱼怎么样??
第三句填上When
will
we
leave?下文也有提到,A:let’s
leave
at
four
in
the
morning,也就是说:我们在早上4点出发。根据回答,要填上When
will
we
leave?我们什么出发??
第四句:Can
we
go
later?在上题说道A想在4点出发,但是B说了:that’s
too
early.太早了,然后A说A:well,no
proble。what
about
half
part
four?没问题,4点半怎么样?A本来想4点出发,但是改成4点半,根据B所说4点太早,所以他想晚点去,所以要填上.Can
we
leave
later?我们可以晚点出发吗??
第五句B听说A要4点半出发后,说了一句see
you
at
half
past
four
on
sunday
morning。那么星期天早上4点半见了,说明B同意和A在4点半出发,所以填上OK.好的。
还有不懂可以问我……
谢谢采纳
背单词得讲究方法,可以把形似的放在一起记.如:House房子 Horse马 (但不要自己搞混了)
还有一些词的拓展.如:Predict 是动词Prediction是名词
我是根据音标记单词.只要将读音读准确,就可以拼出来了
坚持每天背一个单词(不要复杂,不要偏僻)第二将背过的单词复习一遍,再背一个单词,每次不仅要背一个新单词,还要复习背过的单词,久而久之,印象就会很深刻.一天积累一个,不要多,几个月下来,你会大有进步的!加油!
一月至十二月的英语单词~~~~~~~~~~~
1月 January
2月 February
3月 March
4月 April
5月 May
6月 June
7月 July
8月 August
9月 September
10月October
11月November
12月December
星期一到星期日的英语单词~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Monday 星期一
Tuesday 星期二
Wednesday 星期三
Thursday 星期四
Friday 星期五
Saturday 星期六
Sunday 星期日
介词:(一)表示时间的介词:
1.at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”
at 5:30 在5:30 at sunrise 日出时 at lunch 午饭时
at noon 正午时 at night 夜间
I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6:00起床。
表示“在……岁”时用at the age of…。
如:at the age of five.在五岁时。
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如:
on Monday在星期一 on April 1st在四月一日
I heard a shot on the morning of March 18.三月十八日早晨我听到一声枪响。
泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night;但若指具体某一天的上述时段时,则一律用on。
如:On the afternoon of May 23.在五月二十三日下午。
(3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。
in September 在九月 in winter 在冬季
in 1999 在1999年 in the 20th century 在20世纪
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上
2.for, during, through
(1) for表示“一段时间”,后接与数词连用的时间名词。多与完成时连用。
I’ve been a soldier for 5 years.我入伍已5年了。
She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。
表示“持续一段时间”时,for后面必须跟“数字+时间名词”,而during后决不可接数字。
(2) during表示“在……期间”
He visited many nice places during his stay here.在他逗留期间他参观了许多美丽的地方。
What did you do during the summer vacation? 你在暑假做了什么?
(3) through表示“一直……,自始至终”
They worked hard through the winter.整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
She treated me like her brother through these years. 这些年来她始终把我当哥哥对待。
3.from, since
(1) from表示“等时间的起点”,作“从……”解,多用于“from…to/till…”中。
You can come anytime from Monday to Friday.周一至周五你什幺时间来都行。
The exam will start from 9:00am. 考试将从上午九点开始。
①from“从……(开始)”未必持续到现在,如:
from 1995 to 1998.从1995年到1998年。
而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”
②since一般只与现在完成时连用,而from不受此限。
(2) since表示“自从……以来(直到现在)”
He has been away from home since 1973.他自从1973年就离开了家乡。
We have known each other since ten years ago.我们十年前就认识了。
for与since表示一段时间,但for与时间段连用,而since与时间点连用。
如for two hours(持续)两小时;since last week自从上周直到现在
4.before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”
Please come before ten o’clock.请10点以前来。
The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。
表示“在……以前”时,before与by基本可通用。但by还有“截至……为止”之意,此时可与完成时连用,而before一般不与完成时连用。如:
How many models have you made by the end of last month?
截至上月底你做了多少个模型?
(2) by指“不迟于,到……时为止,在……以前”
I must finish my homework by lunch.午饭前我必须做完作业。
We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
到上学期末为止,我们已经学了1000多个单词了。
(3) tell (until) “直到……为止”
You must wait for him till tomorrow.你必须一直等到他明天。
He didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last night.他昨晚下到12点才回来。
在肯定句中,till (until)必须与延续动词连用。若与点动词连用,till (until)只能用于否定句中。
5.after, in, within
①after表示“在……之后”,是before的反义词。
We’ll hold a party after dinner.晚餐后我们将举办晚会。
He got a cancer and died after a year.他患了癌症,一年后去世了。
I’ll phone you after 1 arrive.到达后我给你打电话。(after作连词)
②within“在……时间之内”
I can finish it with an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。
比 较 after与in
①after后可跟时间段,也可跟时间点,如after school(放学后),
而in后必须跟一段时间,如in an hour(一小时后)。
②after既可用于将来时,也可用于过去时,而in只能用于将来时。
③after既可作介词,又可作连词,而in只能作介词②in“在……时间之后”
I’ll arrive in an hour.我一小时后到达。
in与within后都必须跟时间段。
(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词:
1.in outside between, among
①in表示“在……里面”,如:
What’s in the box? 盒子里是什么?
She put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。
②outside指“在……外面”
There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。
What did your see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么?
③between在……之间(指二者)
There is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.在宾馆与邮局之间有所医院。
The building stands between the park and the small river. 那栋建筑位于公园和小河之间。
between是指“在两者之间”,而among指“在多个之间”。
④among在……之间(指三者以上)
“There is a thief among you.” The policeman shouted to the crowd.
警察向人群喊道:“你们中间有个小偷!”
He found his place among the crowd. 他在人群中找到了他的位置。
2.on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面,表面相互接触。
There is an apple on the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
On the top of the hill, there is a flag. 山顶有一面旗子。
(2) above只表示“在……上方或位置高出……”,与below相对。
A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。
The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。
(3) over“在……正上方”,与under相对。
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。
The picture is hanging over the blackboard. 那张图挂在黑板的正上方。
(4) below在……下方,低于……
There are many flowers below the window.窗下有很多花。
Her skirt reaches just below her knees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
(5) under在……正下方
They sat under a big tree, drinking.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。
What are you wearing under your coat? 你外套里面穿了什么?
3.near, by, beside
(1) near在……附近,与far相对
A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。
My hone is near he school. 我的家离学校很近。
(2) by = beside,靠近,在……旁边,比near距离更近
He just sat by/ beside me in the cinema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。
He lay down beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。
4.in front of, behind, around
(1) in front of在……前面
A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河
They put a bunch of flowers in front of the door. 他们在门前放了一束花。
in the front of表示“在……前部”,指里面。
There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。
(2) behind在……后面
A high building stands behind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。
The cat lies behind the door. 猫躺在门后面。
(3) around在……周围,围绕
There are many trees around the villege.村子周围有很多树围绕。
There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。
5.from, to, for, into, out of
(1) from从……
The train started from Paris.火车发自巴黎。
She will fly from Beijing to Hongkong. 她将从北京飞往香港。
(2) to到……(目的地)去,向……
He went to Germany last year.他去年去了德国。
They got to the town very late. 他们很晚才到那个镇。
(3) for向……,表目的方向
He left for Tianjin on business yesterday.他昨天出差去天津了。
The train for Shanghai has been away. 去往上海的火车已经开走了。
towards, to和for都可表示“向……”,其区别如下:
①towards仅指朝向某个方向,不一定是目的地,而 to和for都是“向目的地”。
②for作“向(目的地)”时,常用于固定搭配中,如:leave for; start for
(4) into进入
Please put the water into the bottle.请把水倒入瓶子里。
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile. 老师微笑着走进了教室。
(5) out of从……出来
A beautiful girl in red went out of the shop.一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩从商店里走了出来。
They pulled him out of the water. 他们把他从水里拉了出来。
6.along, across, through
(1) along沿着
He likes to drive along the river.他喜欢沿着河开车。
There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street. 沿街有着各种美丽的花。
(2) across横穿
The little girl is afraid to go across the street.这个小女孩不敢横穿马路。
It’s dangerous to run across the busy road. 跑着穿越繁忙的马路是很危险的。
(3) through穿过
It took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel.开车穿过这条隧道花了我们10分钟时间。
He pushed his way through the crowd to the platform. 他从人群里挤到了站台。
7.at, in
二者都表示“在某个地方”,但at多指较小的地方,如车站、家等,而in多指在“大地方”,如城市、国家、大洲等。(但大小有时也是相对的)。
He lives at No.27 Zhongshan street in Nanjing.他住在南京市中山路27号。
The plane will arrive in Beijing at 13:00. 飞机将于13点到达北京。
三、其它用途的介词:
1. 表示“标准或单位”的介词:at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。
(2) for用……交换
I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。
How much for these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?
at与for都表示价格,但at表示“单价”,for表示总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词,而for后只能跟总钱数。
如:I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。
I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。
I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。
(3) by以……计,后跟度量单位
Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。
They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。
2.表示“材料”的介词:of, from, in
(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strwberres. 这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material. 这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
(3) in用……材料。 常用write, speak, talk, answer等连用。
Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。
in指材料时,材料前不用冠词。
比较:用铅笔画
3.表示“工具或手段”的介词:by, with, on
(1) by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如: by bus乘公共汽车,by plane乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike.他通常骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
表示搭乘交通工具时,既可用by,又可用in,区别在于用by时,表示交通工具的名词前不能加冠词,而用in时名词前必须加冠词。
(2) with用……工具
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用脚把球停住。
with表示“用……工具”时,工具前必须加冠词或物主代词。
(3) on以……方式。多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。
4.表示“关于”的介词:of, about, on
(1) of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在,如:
He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨天想到了这件事。
He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨天考虑了这件事。
(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。
It’s a book for children about Africa and its people.
它是一本供儿童阅读的关于非洲和非洲人的书。
Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?
(3) on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的,供专门研究用的。
It’s a textbook on the history of China.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
5.表示“原因、理由”的介词:for, at, from, of, with
(1) for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。
Xi’an is famous for its long history.西安因历史悠久而著名。
The city is well known for her large population. 这座城市以人口众多而知名。
(2) at一般指“情感”的原因,通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后,表示“因听到或看到而……”。
She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。
He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。
(3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。
He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。
Her son was badly hurt in a traffic accident. 她儿子在一次车祸中严重受伤。
(4) of表示“内在的原因”,如病、饿等到。
He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。
(5) with表示“由外在影响到肉体或心理”的原因。
He shook with cold.他因寒冷而发抖。
He shouted loudly with anger. 他气得大喊大叫。
6.like, as
(1) like像……一样(其实不是)
The little tiger looks like a cat.这只小老虎看起来像只猫。
The mooncakes are like the moon. 月饼像月亮。
(2) as作为,以……身份(其实是)
He was hanged as a spy.他被作为间谍绞死了。
He talk to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
7.against, for
against反对,与for是反义词,如:
Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
They fought against the enemy. 他们抗击敌人。
8.besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
He is interested in tennis besides(as well as)football. 除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣。
(1)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)
(2)except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)
介词的省略
在以下几种情况中,介词常常省略。
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时,介词应省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.(last week前不能用介词in等)
上周我们看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like. 你想哪天来哪天来。
Come on any day you like.(×)
next前可以加冠词,但意义不同。
next week下周(以现在为起点)
the next week第二周(以过去某时为起点)
2.表示时间的名词前有不定冠词,且不定冠词作“每一……”解时,前面不用介词,如:
每小时80英里。
80 miles in an hour.(×)
80 miles an hour.()
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.每天吃一个苹果,医生不找我。
3.含有way的短语。如:in the same way, in this/that way, in another way等用于句末时,in常省略。
She did it the same way.她用同样的方法做的。
连词:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
both...and, not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor, whether...or
after, before, when, while, since, until
because, since,now that, as, in order that, so. opposite
although, though, if, unless, only if, whether or not, even if, insofar as,as far as, as soon as, as if,as though,even though,how, inascmuch as, in that, lest, no matter how, now that, once, provided(that), so that等等..........
副词:副词的样子很明显.一般结尾都是ly(除了Friendly等表示 形容词)副词是修饰动词和形容词的.
动词:动词就跟我们的汉字一样数不清,在单词后有标注了v则表示是动词.
是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
http://baike.baidu.com/view/79702.html?wtp=tt\
是在BAIDU里找到的.
非谓语就是不定式、分词、动名词 其中分词又分为现在分词和过去分词
不定式就是to do
过去分词就是done 现在分词就是doing 动名词就是名词的ing形式 即doing
动名词和现在分词的形式是一样的 所以要从句子结构去判断是哪个 这个是具体情况具体分析
非谓语动词
开放分类: 英语、语法
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词
是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
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英语语法高手级别的请进
1、在情态动词及助动词后的不定式不带to。例如:I can do it myself. 我自己干得了。Will you please close the window?请你关上窗户,好吗?He didn’t go home last night. 昨晚,他没有回家。2、在see,watch,notice,look at, listen to, hear,feel等感官动词的后面作宾语补足语时。
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