帮我找篇论文《汉英谚语比较及翻译》,谢谢
翻译成中文??
【摘要】作为一个重要的通讯资料,公共标志具有日益重要的全球通信。这是一个特殊的文本功能强,交际目的很明确。因此,它的翻译方法应该基于文本的功能和译者的目的。本文将公共标志,比较中国和英国签署了汉英翻译原则的,即,一个广播的方法(adapt-borrow-create方法)。它是根据目的论。
【关键词】公示语;翻译原则;目的论;
景区简介
符号是指一个字母或其他公共显示放置在或建筑物前,房间,商店或办公室宣传业务交易或姓名的个人或公司进行(韦氏第三版新国际英语词典)。标志,属于社会用语,涵盖范围广泛,包括环境沟通的迹象(寻路/引导标志,信息标志,通知,并警告),路牌,道路交通标志标牌,道路标志,停车标志,学校标志,禁止吸烟标志,标志建筑,旅行的迹象,教学的通知等。他们,与他们的社会交际功能,广泛应用于公众对各种场合。
1。定义和分类的公共标志
在牛津英语词典,一个符号是指一个特点设备连接到或放置在客栈门前或者商店,作为一种手段,它区别于他人或指挥注意它;在以后使用常见的板的名字或其他铭文,带或不带一些装饰品或图片。根据韦氏第三版新国际英语词典,它被定义为一个字母或其他公共显示放置在或建筑物前,房间,商店或办公室宣传业务交易或姓名的个人或公司进行。
标志是一个广泛的术语,广泛用于公共设施,包括旅游,餐饮,住宿,娱乐,购物,医疗服务,教育机构和金融服务。它包括谨慎的话,公共通知,票据,标语,口号,户外广告,交通通告等。具体而言,它涵盖了路标,路标,路标,停车标志,学校标志,施工标志,禁止吸烟标志,标志景点,标语等。
2。实用功能的公共标志
迹象执行以下四个基本功能:指示,促进,限制和令人信服的。
显示其意义的建议,指示或指示引导读者。标志等,也被称为指导/指导/指导注意这给读者详细信息没有禁止和限制。指示是最基本的功能表现在手语。指示标志一般读者的相关信息,这是什么,是提供什么服务。
提示提示有无显著差异,表明除了前进行的语气警告。它的目的是提醒读者应注重的迹象。
不像上面提到的限制功能,符号执行限制功能限制和约束的读者,谁都要遵循一定的规则在公众利益。限制标志是保持或限制在范围内。
令人信服的简单地说,令人信服的症状有很大的力量和潜力诱导作用或简短。其强硬的语气,否定词和句子结构比较均匀,有轻微的可能性,任何替代品。
3。比较中英文公共标志
既有相似性,其中,语言风格是简洁,方便和明显;此外,辞格经常采用的是。然而,一系列的差异依然存在。这种文体分析更侧重于其功能意义的符号在形式特征文本本身。
?语序思维方式在不同文化,权力中心反映在中国和英国是惊人的不同。中国是高度隐将集中在乐句结尾;反之,英文标志强调点开始。例如,
﹡油漆未干未干的油漆
﹡无汞(电池)无汞
·言语实践差异还体现在言语实践。动词通常采用中国履行这些职能的警告,限制和令人信服的,而名词和动名词很常见的英文。例如,
﹡严禁穿行没有侵入
﹡不收手续费佣金费用
情绪与英文标志,声音委婉含蓄,中国的迹象更加直接和简单,甚至触摸的权威。英文标志往往显示允许方面不是针对禁止观众。例如,
﹡闲人免进员工
﹡送客止步乘客
·声音英文标志一般使用被动语态;中国的迹象,然而,更积极的声音。因此,标志的翻译应考虑到目标读者的接受和认同。比如说呢。
﹡禁止携带犬只入内狗不准
﹡戴好防护镜和安全帽安全眼镜和帽子很难要求
目的4。
目的论,主张的维梅尔,是核心功能主义理论,这是一个广泛的各种理论侧重于功能或功能文本。根据目的论,在决定任何翻译过程的首要原则是目的(目的)的整体平移动作。因此,一流的规则的任何翻译是“目的法则”,即决定翻译行为的目的;就是说,“成王败寇”(北,2001:29)。维梅尔的框架的目的如下:任何形式的翻译行为,包括翻译本身,可以被视为一个行动,顾名思义。任何行为都有一个目标,一个目标的话……目的,然后是一个技术术语的目的或翻译的目的……一个动作(,)导致的结果,一个新的情况或事件,并可能是一个“新”的对象。(北,2001:12)
翻译行为可能涉及的各种目的,或目的,这可能是彼此相关的等级秩序。我们可以区分三种可能的用途领域的翻译:
·一般目的旨在通过翻译过程中译者;
·交际目的针对的目标对象中的文字的情况;
·目的旨在通过特定的翻译策略或程序。
5。原则,公示语的翻译
语言结构和表达方式呈现多元化,引发的两国间的分歧文化的社会制度,价值观念和思维方式。基于目的论的方法,美国广播公司(模仿-借用-创新模式),其中有一个明确的功能定位,是一种行之有效的翻译原则的公共标志。
美国的做法是指适应方法,借用方法和创建方法。如果类似的迹象存在于英语国家,然后适应原来的。如果相应的英语现金等价物可以协商,然后直接借用。在一些公共标志独特的中国特色,译者需要,根据译文的目的,创造适当的表达。
结果一个由浅入深循序渐进的方法是一个文本,可以实现相同的功能作为一个原始文本。当一个译文的功能是一样的源文本,它可以被称为一个equifunctional翻译。美国的做法使功能对等的实现,因此,相应的赖斯称为“交际翻译”,在接收器的理想不注意,或甚至不感兴趣,事实上他们阅读翻译。
·适应方法
根据目的论,翻译方法和翻译策略应该是确定的预期目的或功能翻译。如果翻译的目的是保持文本的功能不变,功能标记往往必须适应目标文化的标准。
这意味着微小的变化,译者根据类似的表达方式在英语。它能指导翻译为目标语言的选择时,灵活渲染文化表达。他必须选择取决于可接受的水平的目标读者。译者的语言选择和采用的翻译策略,尤其是当他移植文化意象。在手语翻译,一些在英国设立的迹象可以适应。有三种方法实现这种适应:
A .适应现有的英文标志
﹡超值享受最佳价值
﹡数量有限售完为止受到的可用性
﹡山路多弯道行车须安全曲折前进。小心驾驶。
﹡碧水清清,却亦无情,河湍势险,请勿戏水危险:深水!深层水!当心!
B .默剧英语谚语,诗歌和格言
﹡桂林山水甲天下
东或西,桂林景观是最好的!
﹡与其道听途说,不如亲身体验
使用的是相信。
翻译质量评估的反应的目标读者,其中,一个重要的标准是读者是否能很好地理解他们所读的东西。翻译从上述默剧知名英语谚语“东方或西方,家是最好的”和“眼见为实”。在这方面,它引起的的一部分读者,具有说服力的公共标志和证明译者的选择特定目的在一个给定的转化情况。
·借用方法
借用方法是非常实用和现实的符号。方法的基础上,传统的英语表达的迹象可以借使他们熟悉和接受的外国人。根据目的论,不同的人从不同的文化不同,在较大或较小的程度,但他们将是文化上相当于当他们执行相同的功能在各自特定的文化背景。
A .停车标志借来的
﹡限时停车限时停车场
﹡多层停车场parkade(混合的公园,商场)
﹡收费停车场收费停车场
B .建立表达式借来的
(主要是商业设施,包括商店,商场,商场等。)
﹡综合商店杂货店
﹡邮购服务邮购零售
﹡蔬菜水果店杂货店的故事
因为每一个是针对一个目标受众,熟悉的音调是译者试图达到增强语言的魅力和触摸的读者也。借办法有利于建立这种文化的舒适区,即,实现类似内容的努力和满足审美期望和可接受的水平的目标受众。正如奈达指出,对于真正成功的翻译,双语双文化更为重要,因为词语只有有意义而言,在其作用的文化。
·?创建方法
表演时的翻译与中国特色的迹象,我们往往采取创建方法。那是,译者应做创造性的工作是在没有常规表达式借或类似词语,适应从英国手语。
它提供了一个理论基础的创造性翻译。我们从理论,在翻译过程中,译者主体性的发展时,他解释,原来的话语作为一个读者和研究者,和生产它们作为替代的作者和recreator。译者的语言选择与语用翻译策略必须着眼于输送作者的意图没有把观众不必要的处理努力实现内容的努力在解释由作者。否则,该称谓功能手语将缺席。有一点需要注意:在下面的例子中,女代表虚假和真实。
﹡宁停三分,不抢一秒
?它停三分钟而不是抢一次。(女)
?这是迄今为止最好的晚到,在这个世界上比早在下()。
﹡司机一滴酒,亲人两行泪
?当一个男人混喝,他可能把眼泪留给了他的妻子。(女)
?酒后驾车生活费用。()
2例帐户必须考虑到价值观和习俗的目标语言,它不是一个孤立的现象,但文化不可分割的一部分。一个最重要的因素决定了翻译的目的是addressee-the接收者或观众在目标语言和文化的期望和交际需要。因此,译者应采用“reader-centre”的原则使外国人了解英国手语。
结论
公共标志是一个应用文本。作为一个特定类型的语用材料,它体现了明确的交际目的。本文介绍了符号的定义,分类,特点和功能,分析了各种问题的符号。处理问题的讨论,本文试图提供一些解决方案,以目的论为基础的符号。至于语用和文化问题,他们大多是建立在一个广播的方法。
美国的做法符合目的论,功能翻译理论,它侧重于两点:(一)之间的关系的目标文本和观众;(二)之间的关系的目标和相应的源文本。一方面,翻译是一个文本打算功能为目标受众,因此,可用于任何交际功能。另一方面,翻译是一种target-culture代表或替代一个source-culture文本。因此,它可以执行不同的功能方面的源文本。因此,译者的责任为目标语读者的准则框架内签署翻译目的论。症状可能只包含几个字;然而,他们的翻译是不容易。提出一个有利的中国形象和更好的沟通与外部世界,我们应该非常重视公示语翻译中的。
最后,值得一提的是,越来越多的人已经认识到的重要性,符号翻译。二研讨会英标志在全球范围内举行于七月在同济大学14th-15th,2007是一个指示。我们有信心,公示语汉英翻译的质量将得到更好的在不久的将来。
【参考】
[ 1 ] dollerup,礁2006,角度:研究在翻译学[ M ]。北京:清华大学出版社。
[ 2 ]纽马克,彼得2001,翻译方法[ J ]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
[ 3 ]奈达,尤金和查尔斯·泰伯。2004,翻译理论与实践[ J ]。上海:上海外语教育出版社。
[ 4 ],克里斯蒂安妮2006,翻译的文本分析[ J ]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社。
[ 5 ]塞尔J . R . 2001,表达和意义:言语行为理论研究[ J ]。北京外语教学与研究出版社。
[ 6 ]丁衡祈。对外宣传中的英语质量函待提高[ M ]。中国翻译2002(4)。
[ 7 ]金惠康。跨文化交际翻译续编[ J ]。北京:中国对外出版公司,2004。
[ 8 ]吕和发。公示语的汉英翻译[ M ]。中国科技翻译2004(4)。
[ 9 ]吕和发,单丽平。汉英公示语词典[ J ]。北京:商务印书馆出版,2004年9月。
[ 10 ]牛新生。从感召功能看汉语公示语的翻译[ M ]。中国翻译,2007(2)。
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应该是的哈 (害我搞了半天.......黑线)
论文种类
为了探讨和掌握论文的写作规律和特点,需要对论文进行分类。由于论文本身的内容和性质不同,研究领域、对象、方法、表现方式不同,因此,论文就有不同的分类方法。 按内容性质和研究方法的不同可以把论文分为理论性论文、实验性论文、描述性论文和设计性论文。 另外还有一种综合型的分类方法,即把论文分为专题型、论辩型、综述型和综合型四大类:
专题型
这是分析前人研究成果的基础上,以直接论述的形式发表见解,从正面提出某学科中某一学术问题的一种论文。
论辩型
这是针对他人在某学科中某一学术问题的见解,凭借充分的论据,着重揭露其不足或错误之处,通过论辩形式来发表见解的一种论文。
综述型
这是在归纳、总结前人或今人对某学科中某一学术问题已有研究成果的基础上,加以介绍或评论,从而发表自己见解的一种论文。
综合型
这是一种将综述型和论辩型两种形式有机结合起来写成的一种论文。
My indebtedness is due especially to Prof. Chen Zhengfa and Prof. Tian Debei, whose great attainments in the field of translation have granted me inspiration in writing the thesis.
Likewise, I would also extend my heartfelt gratitude to Prof. Hong Zengliu and Prof. Zhu Yue whose lectures have nourished me in different fields of English study.
Last but not the least, a word of thanks to the faculty of School of Foreign Studies of Anhui University as well as to my colleagues. Their kindness and help in the course of my study will forever be cherished.
CONTENTS
Abstract (English version)
Abstract (Chinese version)
Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………1
Chapter 2 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Proverbs……………5
2.1 Similarities…………………………………………………………5
2.1.1 Similar Origin………………………………………5
2.1.2 Similar Features…………………………………………12
2.1.3 Similar Practical Values……………………………20
2.2 Differences………………………………………………………23
2.2.1 Different Numbers……………………………………23
2.2.2 Different Images and Meanings…………………………24
2.2.3 Different Cultural Tint…………………………………27
2.3 The Correspondence between Chinese and English Proverbs…37
2.3.1 Correspondence………………………………………37
2.3.2 Approximate Correspondence………………………38
2.3.3 Non-correspondence……………………………………40
Chapter 3 Translation Principles and Approaches…………………………43
3.1.Rationale for Translation Approaches………………………43
3.2 Translation Approaches……………………………………………45
3.2.1 Synonymous Replacement …………………………………46
3.2.2 Literal Translation…………………………………47
3.2.3 Liberal Translation……………………………………49
3.2.4 Compensation Approaches……………………………51
3.3 Some Points Worth Enough Attention in Translation………53
Chapter 4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………60
Notes…………………………………………………………………………………62
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………64
Chapter One
Introduction
What is a proverb? The definition by Longman Modern English Dictionary is 揳 brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form, often involving a bold image and frequently a jingle that catches the memory.?The definition given by 辞海 is: 撌煊锏囊恢郑�餍杏诿窦涞募蛄吠ㄋ锥�挥幸庖宓挠锞洹4蠖喾从橙嗣裆�詈投氛�木�椤H纭�硕嗔ζ胪粕降梗�谌耸安窕鹧娓摺�取Q栌镆彩敲窦湮难У囊恢中问健� An English patron named Robert South defined proverb in his book Sermons like this: What a proverb, but the experience and observation of several ages, gathered and summed up in one expression.1 Wang Qin, in his book谚语.歇后语概论, defines proverb in this way, 撗栌锸侨嗣袢褐谏�疃氛�木�樽芙? 是具有传授经验和教训劝戒功能, 流传于人民群众口头中的现成语.2
From these definitions, we may find out the common grounds shared by different definers. That is, a proverb, which succinctly sums up human experience and observation of the world, states a general truth and gives advice or warning. A proverb, often involving a bold image, musical rhythm and compressed form, can bring reality and vividness to the readers and so they are very easy to remember.
There are many proverbs about proverbs themselves. Some of them are about the values of proverbs such as A proverb has contents of gold; Proverbs are the wisdom of the ages3; 名花添春色,谚语增智慧;十句谚语十句真.4 From them we may see that proverbs have something in them and they can give people valuable advice or warning. Some proverbs are about their effect on language such as Proverbs are the lamps to words; A proverb is an ornament to language; 泉水最清,谚语最精;美丽的季节是春天,美丽的语言是谚语. These proverbs reveal that proverbs can make language more colorful and beautiful. Still, some others are about the origin of proverbs as Proverbs are the daughter of daily life; Proverbs are the children of experience; 丰收在劳动中获得,谚语在实践中获得;蓓蕾在枝叶上孕成,谚语在生活中提炼.
Because proverbs are the summing up of folk wisdom and they are usually very pithy, they have universal appeal. People love to pick up proverbs when they try to reason things out and the proper use of proverbs can make their views more convincing. Proverbs are the cream of a language and they are 搕he wisdom of the streets and the alley? Lord John Rushell, who was the Premier Minister of England during the period of 1846-1852, once said, 揂 proverb is one man抯 wit and all men抯 wisdom.?The great writer Francis Bacon also spoke highly of proverbs, 揋enius wit and spirit of a nation are discovered by their proverbs.?And proverbs also won the enthusiastic approval of William Shakespeare, the great writer: A proverb never stale in thrifty mind.5 English people comment their proverbs like this: What flowers are to gardens, spices to food, gems to a garment and stars to heaven, such are proverbs interwoven in the speech.6
Proverbs are the crystal of the national wisdom and experience. They are an important part of a national language and they appropriately reflect the relation between culture and language. They have been connected closely with the national characteristics ever since their coming into being and in their later development. Proverbs reflect many aspects of the nation such as the historical stories, natural styles and features, cultural traditions, native conventions and the religious belief, etc. As a folk literature form, they carry a vivid color of a national culture and are beneficial to study a nation comprehensively such as the national history, folk-customs and language. In this chapter, the relationship between culture and language will be discussed in order to penetrate some insights into proverbs.
Language and culture are highly integrated with each other. It is generally acknowledged that language and culture are inseparable and mutually influenced so that one cannot understand or appreciate the one without knowledge of the other. Brown (1980: 124) describes the two like this: ?a language is a part of culture and a culture is a part of a language; the two are intricately interwoven so that one can not separate the two without losing the significance of either language or culture.?/P>
Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, they maintain, culture would not be possible. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of people and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approaches to life and their ways of living and thinking. Therefore, language can help people express their understanding of the world and attitudes toward the world. Language can record the development of a nation and a society. People can learn culture left behind by their ancestors through the acquisition of language, so language becomes the embodiment of culture. Language is a part of culture, perhaps best defined as the totality of beliefs and practices of a society. This makes language the distinctive feature of human society, something indispensable for the functioning of a culture and for handing it down to succeeding generations.
On the other hand, culture has an important influence on language. Language is influenced and shaped by culture. It is the carrier and a part of culture and reflects culture.
In short, language and culture are tightly interacted with each other in the sense that 1) culture includes language; language is a member of the family of culture; 2) that language is the carrier of culture, it records all the material and spiritual achievements of human beings in history.
Proverbs, as a part of language, are also a kind of social phenomenon and are closely integrated with the society and culture. They not only represent a kind of cultural phenomenon, but also record culture and its development. They cannot exist out of culture. Their coming into being, growth and death are more or less caused by cultural influences. Proverbs can provide interesting clues to a people抯 geography, history, social organization, social views and attitudes and they have great cultural values. For this reason, proverbs are culture-specific.
It is generally acknowledged that different peoples have great differences in their cultures. But since different peoples live on the same earth with roughly similar needs and some of them have even experienced similar social development stages, their experiences, emotional reflection and observation of the world are in many aspects similar. This shows that different peoples may have cultural generality besides cultural differences. Chinese and English peoples are with no exception. Their cultural differences and generality, on the other hand, unavoidably leave their traces in their languages.
Proverbs, as the cream of a language, inevitably carry the imprint of cultural differences and generality. The differences and generality respectively lead to the dissimilarities and similarities between Chinese and English proverbs and make a comparative study of the proverbs possible.
不明白啊
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