英语四级翻译中常考的短语

英语四级翻译中常用的短语~

一、常用单词组

education 教育

input in education 教育投入

communal participation 社会参与

enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德

professional ethics 职业道德

credit system 学分制

guarantee job assignments 包分配

multidisciplinary 多学科的

key university 重点大学

national expenditure on education 国家教育经费

account for…% 占百分比

intercultural communication 国际文化交流

equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备

to become educated through independent study 自学成材

compulsory education 普及教育

preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育

adult education 成人教育

vocational and technical education 职业技术教育

institutions of higher learning 高等学校

inservice training course 在职进修班

compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课

record of formal schooling 学历

diploma 文凭， 学历证明

二、常用句型

1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say.

2、强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us.

3、"All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词)
He was all gentleness to her.

4、利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime.

5、"something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of"相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。""译为毫无"，"全无"。"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。something like译为"有点像，略似。"
They say that he had no universty education , but he seems to be something of a scholar.

6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father"，可译为："她那骗子般的父亲"。
Those pigs of girls eat so much.

7、as…as…can(may)be
It is as plain as plain can be.

8、"It is in(with)…as in(with)"
It is in life as in a journey.

9、"as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如;实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.

10、"many as well…as"和"might as well …as" "many as well…as"可译为"与其……，不如……，更好"，"以这样做……为宜"，"如同……，也可以……"等等。"might as well…as"表示不可能的事，可译为"犹如……"，"可与……一样荒唐"，"与其那样不如这样的好"等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.

11、"to make…of"的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son.

12、oo…+不定式"，not(never)too…+不定式"，"too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.

13、only(not, all, but, never) too …to do so "和"too ready (apt) + to do"结构中，不定式，凡是"not"，"all""but等字后+"too…to，"不定式都失去了否定意义，在"too ready(apt) +to do"结构中，不定式。
You know but too yell to hold your tongue.

14、"no more …than…"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.

15、"not so much…as"和"not so much as …"结构，"not so much…as"="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为："与其说是……毋须说是……"。而"not so much as"="without(not)even，"可译为"甚至……还没有"。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .

16、"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"结构，"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，"Nothing I"可换用"no"，"nobody"，"nowhere"，"little"，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为"没有……比……更为"，"像……再没有了"，"最……"等。
Nothing is more precious than time.

17、"cannot…too…"结构,"cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…"或者，即"无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not"可换用"hardly"，"scarcely"等，"too"可换用"enough"，"sufficient"等
You cannot be too careful.

18、"否定+but "结构，在否定词后面的"but"，具有"which not"，"who not"，"that not"，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或"……都……"等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse.

19、"否定+until(till)"结构，在否定词"no"，"not"，"never"，"little"，"few"，"seldom"等的后边所接用的"until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，"要……才……"，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.

20、"not so…but"和"not such a…but"结构，这两个结构和"否定+but"的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的"but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，"并不是……不……"，"无论怎样……也不是不能……"等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.

21、"疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事，意为"none…but"，可译为"除了……还有谁会……"，"岂料"，"想不到……竟是……"等。
Who should write it but himself?

22、"who knows but (that)…"和"who could should…but"结构，这个结构是反问形式，一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等，有时也可直译。
Who knows but (that) he may go?

23、"祈使句+and"和"祈使句+or"结构，"祈使句+and"表示"If…you…"，"祈使名+or"表示"if…not…,you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school.

24、"名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.

25、"名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word, and he would lose his temper.

26.It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说…
27.nothing else than 完全是，实在是
「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 28.more…than…结构有三种译法：than连接肯定形式的从句时，该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时，可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时，译成比…更.
「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.
「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的

三、常用短语

a series of 一系列,一连串
above all 首先,尤其是
after all 毕竟,究竟
ahead of 在...之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次,重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除...外(有/无)
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result(of) 因此,由于
as far as ...be concerned 就...而言
as far as 远至,到...程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像,仿怫
as good as 和...几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样,照例
as to 至于,关于
all right 令人满意的;可以
as well 同样,也,还
as well as 除...外(也),即...又
aside from 除...外(还有)
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次,每次
at all 丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时,总是
at any rate 无论如何,至少
at best 充其量,至多
at first 最初,起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边,在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家,在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔...
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
at length 最终,终于
at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经,一度;同时
at present 目前,现在
at sb's disposal 任...处理
at the cost of 以...为代价
at the mercy of 任凭...摆布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有时,间或
back and forth 来回地,反复地
back of 在...后面
before long 不久以后
beside point 离题的,不相干的
beyond question 毫无疑问
by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法,务必
by and by 不久,迟早
by chance 偶然,碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用体力
by itself 自动地,独自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 错误地,无意地
by no means 决不,并没有
by oneself 单独地,独自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由,通过...方法
due to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使,虽然
ever so 非常,极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了...外
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前

1. 固定搭配考点：这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。

例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _______________________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。

【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe…to /attribute…to (把…归因于)

2. 核心语法考点：这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。

例1：The professor required that ___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday .

【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。

例2：Not only ___________________________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either (大纲样题)

【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。

3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。

例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis .

【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。

其次，考生在明确了新四级翻译的核心考点之后，就应该明确在冲刺阶段如何备考，如何应对了。下面我结合自己的理解，给广大考生提五条冲刺备考建议：

1. 在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。

例：(为了挣钱供我上学)______________________, mother often takes on more work than is good for her

【考点剖析】对于“为了挣钱供我上学“的表达，我们可以说To earn money for my education; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ; In order to earn money to afford my education等。 表达多样化，发散性思维，对地道英文表达的积累很有帮助，直接与四级考试中翻译与写作题型相关。

2. 绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点

例：The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.

上面这道题是2004年1月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，不难发现，句中的submit(提交)这个考点词在2006年6月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起重视。

例1：He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner .

【考点探究】 本题为2003年6月四级考试的词汇单选题，handle the affairs in a friendly manner (以友好的方式处理事务)是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。因为在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：第一，give a pledge to do sth (承诺做某事)；第二，handle(处理)这个核心动词的用法；第三，in …manner(以…方式)这个重要短语；考生一定要清楚，在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。

例2：You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger

【考点探究】be particular about your food(对食物挑剔)这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用be selective about your food 进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。

3. 多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。

4. 强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。

5. 深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。

1. at the thought of一想到…­

2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论­

3. at will 随心所欲­

4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有­

5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解­

6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，­

7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地­

8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同…。不一致­

9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地­

10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据­

11. on one’s own account­

1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益­

2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责­

3) (=by oneself)依靠自己­

12. take…into account(=consider)把..。考虑进去­

13. give sb. an account of 说明， 解释 (理由)­

14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释， 说明。­

15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。­

16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要，无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装)­

17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控，控告­

18. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于。­

19. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉­

20. act on 奉行，按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理­

21. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于­

22. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编， 改写(以适应新的需要)­

23. in addition (=besides) 此外， 又， 加之­

24. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外­

25. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持， 遵循­

26. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的， 临近的­

27. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应;­

28. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地。­

29. in advance (before in time) 预告， 事先­

30. to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地­

31. have an advantage over 胜过­

have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件­

have the advantage of sb。知道某人所不知道的事­

32. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用­

33. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意­

34. in agreement (with) 同意， 一致­

35. ahead of 在…之前， 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前­

36. in the air 1)不肯定， 不具体. 2)在谣传中­

37. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是， 最重要的­

38. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共， 总计­

39. after all 毕竟，到底; (not) at all 一点也不;­

all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎­

40. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到， 估计到­

41. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计， 等于。­

42. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责。­

43. answer to (=conform to) 适合，符合。­

44. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for­

45. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉­

46. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力­

47. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请; apply for申请; apply to 适用。­

48. apply to 与…有关;适用­

49. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成， approve vt. 批准­

50. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起。­

51. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做…­

52. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出，作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方);­

53. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻­

54. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证， 使…确信。­

55. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚， 系 ,结­

56. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做…­

57. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意，照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候，照料­

58. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度。看法­

59. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把.。归因于.., 认为.。是.。的结果­

60. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均­

61. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到，知道。­

62. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面­

63. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起。­

64. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持，维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持， 有…作后台­

65. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃，抛弃­

66. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话)­

67. be based on / upon 基于­

68. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上­

69. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢­

70. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先， 第一(经常用于开始语)­

71. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义­

72. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信，依赖，信仰。­

73. benefit (from) 受益，得到好处。­

74. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处)­

75. for the better 好转­

76. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败， 胜过。­

77. by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生­

78. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 . blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上­

79. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作)­

80. on board 到船上， 在船上， 上火车或飞机­

81. boast of (or about) 吹嘘­

82. out of breath 喘不过气来­

83. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之­

84. in bulk 成批地，不散装的­

85. take the floor 起立发言­

86. on business 出差办事。­

87. be busy with sth。于某事。 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事­

88. last but one 倒数第二。­

89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设­

90. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买­

91. be capable of 能够， 有能力­

be capable of being +过去分词：是能够被…的­

92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何­

93. in case (=for fear that) 万一;­

94. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一­

in the case of 至于…, 就…而言­

95. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句)­

96. be cautious of 谨防­

97. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上­

98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握， 一定。­

99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地，有把握地­

100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然­

挺好

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莱芜市13386824168： 英语四级考试常用高频短语? - ？
五俗保英： n词酷的酷词公园里面有的,很准.

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