英语的完成体是什么东西

英语中的体的概念 共有几种体 分别表达什么意思 ？ 如进行体 完成体~

体即时态，共有十一种时态，最常用的就是过去时态，进行时态，现在完成时态，过去完成时态，过去完成时的进行时态等等。

这样的动作只是部分完成，仍然还在进行着。
比如说吃了一半i have been having my breakfast.，
看了一半i have been watching TV for half an hour.，
下了2个小时雨it has been raining for 2 hours，
等了3个小时i have been waiting for you for 3 hours。
住了10年。i have been living here for more than 10 years.
这些动作都依然在持续。其特点多为不达目的决不罢休的感觉。完成和进行当然是互相对立的，
但是部分完成和进行确实可以共存。这就是传统语法里的所谓完成进行时态。其实，再加上部分两个字，就更清楚的表达了这个意思。也就不至于让初学者产生疑惑了。所以，我把这种时态叫做部分完成仍在进行时态。其结构就是have been +doing.特点是不达目的决不罢休。

完成体是现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来完成时的总称。
现在完成时的构成是have或has加上过去分词。
现在完成时可以表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在，如：
She has lost her wallet.
He has laid the table.
He has bought a car.
I have forgotten his telephone number.
She has recovered from her illness.
Have you eaten yet?
We have had too much rain this year.
It has snowed here every day since last Sunday.
She has thought of you every day for years.
现在完成时也可以表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能延续下去的动作，如：
He has worked here for over twenty years.
She has been away from school during the last few weeks.
We have received no news from her up to now.
He hasn't been here in four months.
She has written the letter today.
She has written to me frequently since I was sick. （如果since引导的时间状语从句，用了持续性动词的一般过去时，表示的是动作的完成或结束，since I was sick表示“自从我病愈以来”）
I have been busy since my son worked here.
It has been a long time since he lived here. （这里的has been也可以用is来代替，since he lived here表示“自从他不住那里以来”）
It has already been five years since he was in the army.
He has been here since five years ago.
The temple has been rebuilt since.
这种用法不能用于有限动词（也叫瞬间动词，就是动作一开始就结束），如：
Philip has been married to Ellen for six years.
They have studied a new lesson since yesterday.
He has liked her since last month.
不能说：
Peter has married Ellen for six years.
They have begun to study a new lesson since yesterday.
He has gotten to like her since last month.
在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以表示将来完成的含义，称为主将从现。
Wait till I have finished my coffee.
I will go to see you when I have finished my work.
If he hasn't gone to bed when you see him, tell him to give me a ring.
现在完成时也可以用于其它的从句中：
This is the first time that I have heard her sing.
This is the second time that I have flown to Houston.
It is the first good novel that I have seen for ages.
"The Sound of Music" is the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.
表示某人的经历或已故某人的言论，某国的作用对现在和将来具有长久现实意义和深远影响。
John has gone through a lot.
Li Bai has left us great poems.
Newton has explained the movements of the moon from the attractions of the earth.
Europe has had a great impact on the development of world history.
Mao Zedong has been called a great thinker.
Nanjing has been visited by Zhou Enlai several times.
现在完成时可以表示反问口气。
When have I been treated like this?
Now you've done it!
现在完成时有时可以同表示不确定过去的long ago连用。
Bernice has gone long ago.
I have ceased to write poems long ago.
He has gone and started his own business long ago.
现在完成时可以表示过去重复的动作。
Eight times he has tried and eight times he has failed.
My mother has always gone to work by bus.
现在完成时可以表示过去的经验、事件。
Have you ever visited the Palace Museum?
We have often studied together when I have been in Paris.
现在完成时可以表示将来完成的含义（主将从现）。
Wait till I have finished my coffee.
As soon as I have saved two thousand dollars, I will buy a new car.
过去完成时是had加过去分词，表示在过去的某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生或完成的动作或情况。
They had known each other for ten years when they finally got married.
No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
Hardly had I had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.
I lost the watch which my uncle had given me.
也可以表示过去的将来某一时刻以前已经完成的动作（当直接引语是主将从现的句子时，变成间接引语之后，现在完成时就变成了过去完成时）。
He told me to wait until he had finished his coffee.
He said that as soon as he had saved two hundred thousand dollars, he would buy a new car.
将来完成时是will have加过去分词，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作，或持续到将来某时之前的动作。
I will have finished it by next Friday.
By next semester, I will have studied English for one score years.
I will have failed the driving test three times if I fail it tomorrow.
过去将来完成时是would have加过去分词，表示从过去某个时间看将来某时之前已经完成的动作。如：
He said that by next semester, he would have studied English for one score years.
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

完成体就是完成时的意思，有的语法书把完成时成为完成体。
即：have/has done
had done
will have done

现代英语语法中的动词变化形式，分成“时”和“体”两种形式，“时”分成“现在时”、“过去时”，“体”分成“进行体”、“完成体”。这种语法体系可以参阅章振邦主编的《新编英语语法》。

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