跪求爱因斯坦的英语资料，最好有关他的爱好，成就还有生平事迹！！

爱因斯坦的贡献以及他的生平?~

爱因斯坦

Albert Einstein ( 1879-1955）



20世纪最伟大的物理学家。1879年3月14日爱因斯坦诞生于德国乌尔姆的一个犹太人家庭，受工程师叔父的影响，他从小受到自然科学和哲学的启蒙。1896年爱因斯坦进苏黎世工业大学师范系学习物理学，1901年获得瑞士国籍，于次年被伯尔尼瑞士专利局录用为技术员，从事发明专利申请技术鉴定工作。他利用业余时间进行科学研究，并于1905获得了历史性成就。1909年爱因斯坦离开瑞士专利局任苏黎世大学理论物理学副教授，1912年任母校苏黎世工业大学教授，1914年回德国任威廉皇帝物理学研究所所长兼柏林大学教授。法西斯政权建立后，爱因斯坦受到迫害，被迫离开德国。1933年移居美国任普林斯顿高级研究院教授，直至1945年退休．
爱因斯坦是人类历史上最具创造性才智的人物之一。他一生中开创了物理学的四个领域：狭义相对论、广义相对论、宇宙学和统一场论。他是量子理论的主要创建者之一，在分子运动论和量子统计理论等方面也做出了重大贡献。
爱因斯坦于1905年发表了《论动体的电动力学》的论文，提出了狭义相对性原理和光速不变原理，建立了狭义相对论。据此他进一步得出质量和能量相当的质能公式E=mc2 。狭义相对论揭示了作为物质的存在形式的空间和时间的统一性，力学运动和电磁运动学上的统一性，进一步揭示了物质和运动的统一性，为原子能的利用奠定了理论基础。
1915年爱因斯坦创建了广义相对论，进一步揭示了四维空间时间物质的关系。根据广义相对论的引力论，他推断光处于引力场中不沿直线而是沿着曲线传播，1919年这种预见在英国天文学家观察日蚀中得到证实。1938年爱因斯坦在广义相对论的运动问题上获得重大进展，从场方程推导出物体运动方程，由此进一步揭示了时空、物质、运动和引力的统一性。
爱因斯坦在量子论方面做出了巨大贡献。1905年他提出能量在空间分布不是连续的假设，认为光速的能量在传播，吸收和产生过程中具有量子性，并圆满地揭示了光电效应。这是人类认识自然过程中，历史上首次揭示了辐射的波动性和粒子性的统一。1916年爱因斯坦在关于辐射的量子论的论文中，提出了受激辐射的理论，为今天的激光技术打下了理论基础。
广义相对论之后，爱因斯坦在宇宙与引力和电磁的统一场论两方面进行探索。为了证明天体在空间中静止的分布，以引力场为根据，提出了一个有限无边的静止的宇宙模型，该模型是不稳定的。从引力场方程可预见星系分离运动，后来的天文观测到这种星系分离运动。
爱因斯坦爱好音乐，并自认他拉小提琴的成就要比他的物理学成就高明。1955年4月18日爱因斯坦在普林斯顿逝世，尊重他的遗嘱，不立纪念碑，不举行任何活动，骨灰撒在永远对人保密的地方。

（1）1921年（42岁），爱因斯坦因光电效应研究而获得诺贝尔物理学奖，他的研究推动了量子力学的发展。1月，访问布拉格和维也纳。同年1月27日在普鲁士科学院作《几何学和经验》的报告。2月，去阿姆斯特丹参加国际工联会议。
（2）1921年4月5日至5月30日，为了给耶路撒冷的希伯莱大学的创建筹集资金，同魏茨曼一起首次访问美国。在哥伦比亚大学获巴纳德勋章。在白宫受哈丁总统接见。在访问芝加哥、波士顿和普林斯顿期间，就相对论进行了4次讲学。6月，访问英国，拜谒了牛顿墓地。
（3）1922年（43岁）1月，完成关于统一场论的第一篇论文。3—4月访问法国，努力促使法德关系正常化。发表批判马赫哲学的谈话。4月，参加国际联盟知识界合作委员会。7月，受到被谋杀的威胁，暂离柏林。沿途访问科伦坡、新加坡、香港和上海。
（4）1922年11月9日，在去日本到上海的途中，爱因斯坦通过电报知道被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。1923年（44岁）2月2日，爱因斯坦从日本返回途中，到巴勒斯坦访问，逗留12天。
（5）1923年2月8日，成为特拉维夫市的第一个名誉公民。从巴勒斯坦返回德国途中，访问了西班牙。3月，爱因斯坦对国联的能力大失所望，向国联提出辞职。6—7月，帮助创建“新俄朋友协会”，并成为其执行委员会委员。
（6）1923年7月，到哥德堡接受1921年度诺贝尔奖金。并讲演相对论，作为对得到诺贝尔奖金的感谢。发现了康普顿效应，解决了光子概念中长期存在的矛盾。12月，第一次推测量子效应可能来自过度约束的广义相对论场方程。

扩展资料：
爱因斯坦十六岁时报考瑞士苏黎世的联邦工业大学工程系，可是入学考试却告以失败。看过他的数学和物理考卷的该校物理学家韦伯先生却慧眼识英才，称赞他：“你是个很聪明的孩子，爱因斯坦，一个非常聪明的孩子，但是你有一个很大的缺点：就是你不想表现自己。”
爱因斯坦在数学方面可以说是“天才”，他在12岁到16岁时就已经自学学会了解析几何和微积分。而对于不想表现自己这个“缺点”，他也是“死不悔改”。他晚年写给朋友的信中说：“我年轻时对生活的需要和期望是能在一个角落安静地做我的研究，公众人士不会对我完全注意，可是现在却不能了。”
参考资料：百度百科-爱因斯坦

艾伯特·爱因斯坦于1879年3月14日在德国小城乌尔姆出生，他的父母都是犹太人。爱因斯坦有一个幸福的童年，他的父亲是位平静、温顺的好心人，爱好文学和数学。他的母亲个性较强，喜爱音乐，并影响了爱因斯坦，爱因斯坦从六岁起学小提琴，从此小提琴成为他的终生伴侣。爱因斯坦的父母对他有着良好的影响和家庭教育，家中弥漫着自由的精神和祥和的气氛。

和牛顿一样，爱因斯坦年幼时也未显出智力超群，相反，到了四岁多还不会说话，家里人甚至担心他是个低能儿。六岁时他进入了国民学校，是一个十分沉静的孩子，喜欢玩一些需要耐心和坚韧的游戏，例如用纸片搭房子。1888年进入了中学后，学业也不突出，除了数学很好以外，其他功课都不怎么样，尤其是拉丁文和希腊文，他对古典语言毫无兴趣。当时的德国学校必须接受宗教教育，开始时爱因斯坦非常认真，但当他读了通俗的科学书籍后，认识到宗教里有许多故事是不真实的。12岁时他放弃了对宗教的信仰，并对所有权威和社会环境中的信念产生了怀疑，并发展成一种自由的思想。爱因斯坦发现周围有一个巨大的自然世界，它离开人类独立存在，就象一个永恒的谜。他看到，许多他非常尊敬和钦佩的人在专心从事这项事业时，找到了内心的自由和安宁。于是，少年时代的爱因斯坦就选择了科学事业，希望掌握这个自然世界的奥秘，而一旦选择了这一道路，就坚持不懈地走了下去，从来没有后悔过。

1895年，爱因斯坦来到瑞士苏黎世，准备投考苏黎世的联邦工业大学，虽然他的数学和物理考得很不错，但其他科目没有考好，学校校长推荐他去瑞士的阿劳州立中学学习一年，以补齐功课。在阿劳州立中学的这段时光中使爱因斯坦感到快乐，他尝到了瑞士自由的空气和阳光，并决心放弃德国国籍。

1896年，爱因斯坦正式成为一个无国籍的人，并考进了联邦工业大学。大学期间，爱因斯坦迷上了物理学，一方面，他阅读了德国著名物理学家基尔霍夫、赫兹等人的著作，钻研了麦克斯韦的电磁理论和马赫的力学，并经常去理论物理学教授的家中请教。另一方面，他的大部分时间是去物理实验室去做实验，迷恋于直接观察和测量。1900年，爱因斯坦大学毕业。1901年，他获得了瑞士国籍。1902年，在他的朋友格罗斯曼的帮助下，爱因斯坦终于在伯尔尼的瑞士联邦专利局找到了一份稳定的工作——当技术员。
Albert Einstein on March 14, 1879 in the German city of Ulm was born, his parents were Jewish. Einstein have a happy childhood, his father was a quiet, docile and good-hearted people, people who love literature and mathematics. His mother made her strong, popular music and influence of Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein played study violin at age six. From the violin became his lifelong companion. Einstein's parents have a positive impact on his family and education, home filled with the spirit of freedom and auspicious atmosphere. And Newton, also did not show extraordinarily intelligent young Einstein, on the contrary, will not speak to the more than four years old. He is even worried that home imbecile. When he was six, he entered the national school is a very quiet child, like playing a game of patience and perseverance. For example, scrap paper for the house. 1888 entered a post-secondary academic nor prominent, in addition to good mathematics, not how other kind of homework. especially in Latin and Greek, he was not interested in classical language. Religious education must accept the German school, at the beginning of Einstein very seriously. But when he read popular science books, understand that there are many religious stories are untrue. When he gave up a pair of 12-year-old religious beliefs, and social environment in which all authority and casts doubt on the conviction. and develop a free flow of ideas. Einstein discovered a huge natural world around, it leaves an independent human existence as an eternal mystery. He noted that he has a great respect and admiration of many people concentrate on this cause, find a sense of freedom and peace. Thus, the teens chose science Einstein hoped that the mystery of the natural world. Once chosen this path, it is unremittingly go away and never regretted it. In 1895, Albert Einstein arrived in Zurich, Switzerland, ready to apply the Federal University of Zurich. Although he was very good in mathematics and physical examination, but were unsuccessful in other subjects, School recommended him to Switzerland, Arauca state secondary school for one year to pay all the homework. Araujo schools in the state reside Einstein happy this time, he tasted freedom of the Swiss air and sunshine. and is determined to give up German nationality. In 1896, Albert Einstein formally become a stateless person, and to get the Federal University of Technology. University, Einstein fell in love with physics, on the one hand, he read the famous German physicist Kirchhoff. Hertz and other works, Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and the study of mechanical Mach. Professor of theoretical physics and often went to the home about. In addition, he is the most time to experiment Physics Laboratory, indulging in direct observation and measurement. In 1900, Albert Einstein graduated from university. In 1901, he received Swiss nationality. In 1902, with the help of his friends Grossman, The Swiss Federal Patent Office in Bern, Einstein finally found a stable job -- as a technician.

Albert Einstein
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921

Albert Einstein was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich and he began his schooling there at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

During his stay at the Patent Office, and in his spare time, he produced much of his remarkable work and in 1908 he was appointed Privatdozent in Berne. In 1909 he became Professor Extraordinary at Zurich, in 1911 Professor of Theoretical Physics at Prague, returning to Zurich in the following year to fill a similar post. In 1914 he was appointed Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute and Professor in the University of Berlin. He became a German citizen in 1914 and remained in Berlin until 1933 when he renounced his citizenship for political reasons and emigrated to America to take the position of Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton*. He became a United States citizen in 1940 and retired from his post in 1945.

After World War II, Einstein was a leading figure in the World Government Movement, he was offered the Presidency of the State of Israel, which he declined, and he collaborated with Dr. Chaim Weizmann in establishing the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. He regarded his major achievements as mere stepping-stones for the next advance.

At the start of his scientific work, Einstein realized the inadequacies of Newtonian mechanics and his special theory of relativity stemmed from an attempt to reconcile the laws of mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. He dealt with classical problems of statistical mechanics and problems in which they were merged with quantum theory: this led to an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules. He investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations laid the foundation of the photon theory of light.

In his early days in Berlin, Einstein postulated that the correct interpretation of the special theory of relativity must also furnish a theory of gravitation and in 1916 he published his paper on the general theory of relativity. During this time he also contributed to the problems of the theory of radiation and statistical mechanics.

In the 1920's, Einstein embarked on the construction of unified field theories, although he continued to work on the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory, and he persevered with this work in America. He contributed to statistical mechanics by his development of the quantum theory of a monatomic gas and he has also accomplished valuable work in connection with atomic transition probabilities and relativistic cosmology.

After his retirement he continued to work towards the unification of the basic concepts of physics, taking the opposite approach, geometrisation, to the majority of physicists.

Einstein's researches are, of course, well chronicled and his more important works include Special Theory of Relativity (1905), Relativity (English translations, 1920 and 1950), General Theory of Relativity (1916), Investigations on Theory of Brownian Movement (1926), and The Evolution of Physics (1938). Among his non-scientific works, About Zionism (1930), Why War? (1933), My Philosophy (1934), and Out of My Later Years (1950) are perhaps the most important.

Albert Einstein received honorary doctorate degrees in science, medicine and philosophy from many European and American universities. During the 1920's he lectured in Europe, America and the Far East and he was awarded Fellowships or Memberships of all the leading scientific academies throughout the world. He gained numerous awards in recognition of his work, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London in 1925, and the Franklin Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1935.

Einstein's gifts inevitably resulted in his dwelling much in intellectual solitude and, for relaxation, music played an important part in his life. He married Mileva Maric in 1903 and they had a daughter and two sons; their marriage was dissolved in 1919 and in the same year he married his cousin, Elsa Löwenthal, who died in 1936. He died on April 18, 1955 at Princeton, New Jersey.

你来看看这个网址吧 http://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/einstein/

不知你做什莫用，需要详尽的还是简单些的

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江口县13242017542： 急求爱因斯坦英文简介150 - 200词 生词不要太多 - ？
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沈侨骨刺： Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. He didn't speak until he was three. He loved mathematics. He had the idea of relativity when he was 16. He studied physics in Zurich, Switzerland. He got a job in an office to earn his living. He published the ...

江口县13242017542： 急求爱因斯坦英文简介？
沈侨骨刺： Albert Einstein Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields. Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in ...