急求一篇汉译英翻译技巧的文章，非常感谢
Yi Pin Tang Tianfu dishes taste very delicious heritage Bazhen characteristics, highlyornate high-end banquet food enjoyment, mainly green health maintenance concept.Will numb taste spicy fresh flavor of both total health, alcohol cooking combination,new interpretation of all kinds of high-end romantic elegant Cantonese, sichuan.Dining environment and elegant fashion, unique luxury of professional serviceexperience more prominent brand. Since inception, winning the award for suresuccess, was named "Sichuan famous restaurant". The shop in the retained unity YiPin Tang dishes also adjust measures to local conditions to create a consistent local characteristics of the various types of gluttonous gourmet. "A dish a grid, a hundred dishes subway" and "Sichuan characteristics from the natural, boil free, eat at ease!"Combined with the Cantonese cuisine charm perfect play to perfection, let dinersLiulianwangfan lovely.
Time could change a lot of things. I was maturing when time went by, while I feel my pressure as well. I haout d been carefree while I could not help worrying about my study right now. I had been hanging around before while now I began to helo Mom with the housework.
Time going by, I was growing and maturing.
汉语长句/短文汉译英是对考生英语综合应用能力的一项测验。要求译文“忠实原文”，表达“基本正确”，短文内容主要涉及政治、经济、社会、文化和科普等领域的一般性知识或科学常识。考以往所熟悉的把单句译成英语相比，把一篇短文译成英语，无疑要求更高，难度更大。因为就翻译而言，忠实原文绝非两种文字之间的简单代替，短文翻译还要考虑上下文和逻辑关系等，忠实原文，除了要求保留原有的信息外，还应体现原文的文体风格(如议论文表述的紧凑性和较强的逻辑性)，行文要合乎英语的表达习惯，译文应当通顺、自然、流畅。只有这样才能确保译文有较强的可读性。要达到上述要求，光靠掌握英语语法规则和词汇知识显然不够，考生还应当熟悉和了解中英两种语言的风格、特点和规律，尤其要认清两种语言在句式、词汇以及表达习惯上的差异，并在掌握一定的翻译方法和技巧的情况下，加强实践，才能取得好效果。
翻译基本方法、变通手段、翻译程序及应试技巧
1.翻译的基本方法：直译与意译
首先应当指出，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。前面提到的译文Our friends are all over the world是直译，而We have friends all over the world就是意译。直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点，更强调译文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次中的对应。总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。
2.翻译的变通手段
1）翻译时不能简单地或机械地逐字照译，硬凑成英文，必须认真分析上下文，掌握词的确切含义，然后用适当的英文表达，必要时需要变换一些词，如“小记者”译成teenage reporter，“紧急报告”译成SOS，“深感忧虑”译成deeply concerned等，都是采用了变通手段。
2)增词、减词。
译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句，表面上看似不忠实，但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有，而是隐含在原文中的。减词是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语，避免拖泥带水。
汉译英要点和应试技巧
既要注意培养翻译的技能意识，又要提高语言的实际运用能力。汉译英基本以议论文为主，涉及社会生活、政治、文化、经济及一般科技等方面。因此要多留心阅读这类体裁的文章，要多积累，多比较，尽量熟悉英语语言特点，并积累词汇。另外，还应注意汉译英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点，掌握丰富的变通手段，努力提高行文能力。
词汇和句式是语言的核心部分，要做好汉英短文翻译，关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章译得好不好，能不能达意，都与选词有密切的关系。要选好词，必须注意以下几点：
1)词义要确切。
应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。
2)选词要贴切。
翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。
3)用词要通俗易懂。
用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响译文效果。
4)用词要简洁有力。
简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。
5)选词要多样化。
用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力；而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力，使译文的表达更丰富。举例来说，“北京是中国的首都，名胜古迹甚多”这句话该怎么译成英文?按照英语表达习惯，在译成英语时要把句中的“是中国首都”处理成次要信息，把这部分当成“北京”的同位语处理，这样就译成：Beijing,the capital of China,has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.通过这种手段可以使句子在逻辑和思想上连接起来，一方面突出了重要信息，另一方面也使语言更为紧凑。
中英合谈》版指导老师陈清霖博士为今年“全国学生中英文互译比赛”的总评判，以下为陈清霖博士在10月23日的颁奖典礼上的致词。陈博士举了35个例子，说明中英对译时固然可以字字直译，翻译时还须在译文上作些调整，才能做到翻译的信、达、雅。
谈到翻译就难免牵涉到双语运用问题。译者对相关的两种语文即使不精通，也要有良好的水平，这是翻译的先诀条件。接着，他还要晓得双语在词语运用上的不同，以及句子结构上的差别，然后才能在“理解”原文之后，通过适当的方法和技巧，把译文端出来，呈献给读者品尝。
所谓适当的方法，就是指“直译”(Literal translation)和“意译”(Free translation)。直译可以对号入座，字字翻译，但很多时候必须在句子某些成分上作些词类、词序、句式等方面的调整或变动，才能把译文带入既“忠实”又“流畅”的佳境。如果直译行不通或是不理想的话，就只好意译了。例如：
(1) x：How much have you suffered, Irene?
y：A lot.
x：爱玲，你吃了多少苦？
y：一言难尽。
(2) x：你这人真是“狗嘴里长不出象牙。”
x：A filthy mouth cannot utter decent language. You are really such a person.
如果把第一句里的“a lot”直译为“许多”或“很多很多”，这句话自然吗？如果把第二句译成“A dog's mouth doesn't spit out an ivory”，只懂英语的人听了不会莫名其妙吗？
意译技巧最常见于中英惯用语的对译。除了上述“狗嘴里长不出象牙”之外，再看些其他意译的例子。
(3) Don't put on airs.（别摆架子）
(4) What is done is done.（木已成舟）
(5) Kicking a man when he is down.（打落水狗）
(6) Pull out the evil by the roots.（斩草除根）
意译虽重要，直译也可贵；能字字对译最好，若不能，就稍微整容或变型，以符合译文的外貌，保持原文的精髓。
现在就让我先举些中英直译的好例子：
(7) 他是只纸老虎。
(He is a paper tiger)
(8) 别流鳄鱼泪。
(Don't shed crocodile tears)
(9) 应该弥补代沟。
(We must bridge the generation gap)
(10) 这事使他丢脸。
(This matter makes him lose face)
(11) 如何提高生产力？
(How to increase productivity?)
现在再看看词语上或句子上需要调整或变动的例句：
一、英文的修饰短语，不管是形容词性的，介词性的、分词性的或不定式动词性的，一概出现在名词之后；中译时，就要移到名词之前；形容词从句（Adjective Clause）也一样。例如：
(12) Please identify the factors responsible for the increasing cost of living.（请指出引起生活费高涨的因素。）
(13) Jenny is a girl of great intelligence.（珍妮是个很聪明的女孩。）
(14) Do you know the man sitting next to Peter?（你认识坐在彼得旁边的那个人吗？）
(15) An effective way to learn a language well is to practise it regularly.（学好语文的有效方法是有恒不断地练习。）
(16) Doesn't the manager know the reasons why his staff are in low spirits?（经理不知道职员死气沉沉的原因吗？）
(17) Here are some grammatical errors you have made in your essay.（这里是一些你在作文中所犯的语法错误。）
二、英文的日期、地点等的排列是从小单位到大单位；单词连用时是分量轻的在前，分量重的殿后，中文则反之。例如：
(18) Helen was born at 10 p.m. on 3rd March, 1990.（海伦在一九九○年三月三日晚上十点出生。）
(19) He came from a small town in Johore Malaysia.（他从马来西亚 柔佛州一个小镇来到这里。）
(20) Beat our enemy or they will oppress and slaughter us.（打倒敌人；不然的话，他们会屠杀和压迫我们。）
三、中英文词类不一定对应，必须进行调适。例如：
(21) Jack is mentally sound but physically weak.（杰克思想健全、身体虚弱。）（副词变成名词）
(22) Yesterday's stage performance was quite a success.（昨天的舞台表演相当成功。（名词变形容词）
(23) The elimination of illiteracy is a matter of great urgency.（扫除文盲是当务之急。）（名词变成动词）
(24) We are against racial discrimination.（我们反对种族歧视。）（介词变成动词）
四、 中英文句式不吻合时，就要变动。例如：
1/ 英文被动语态变成中文主动语态。例如：
(25) A new syllabus has been drawn up.（已经拟定了一份新的课程纲要。）
(26) This can be done and must be done.（这件事可以办并且必须办。）
(27) It must be admitted that Singapore is a small island country. (我们必须承认新加坡是个小岛国。）
2/ 英文的简单句变成中文的复杂句。例如：
(28) His failure to observe the traffic rules resulted in the road accident.（由于他没有遵守交通规则，所以导致了公路意外。）
(29) With your permission, I will embark on the project as soon as possible.（如果你答应的话，我将尽快展开这项计划。）
3/ 英文长句成分复杂需要作逻辑性的变动，以符合中文句法。例如：
(30) The management's reputation fell still further when it refused to accept the suggestion of the Labour Union that an increase in the salary of the workers was a precondition for the settlement of the current dispute.（劳工联合会建议增加工人的薪水作为解决当前纠纷的先决条件，但管理层拒绝接受这建议，结果它的声望再度下降。）
总而言之，直译和意译各有所长，可以直译就直译，不可直择时就采用意译，甚至双管齐下，两者兼施。这次全国翻译比赛中的惯用语的英译就要先直译后意译，才能兼顾到译文的表层结构和原文的深层意思。例如：
(31) 不劳而获 (Reap without sowing → Profit by others' toil.)
(32) 饮水思源 (When you drink the water, think of its source → never forget where one's happiness comes.)
(33) 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 (Plant melons and get melons, sow beans and get beans → You reap what you have sown.)
(34) 真金不怕火 (True gold fears no fire-a person of integrity can stand severe tests.)
同学们，你们是不是这样译呢？
最后，看看下列两名翻译大师在红楼梦中的一小段有关林黛玉讲话的译文。前者是霍克斯(Hawkes)教授的意译版本；后者是杨宪益教授的直译文：
（35）黛玉说：你说你会过目成诵，难道我就不能一目十行了！
（霍克斯：“You needn't imagine you are the only one with a good memory,”said Dai-yu naughtily.
“I suppose I'm allowed to remember lines too if I like.”)
(杨宪益：“You boast that you can memorise a passage with one reading. Why can't I learn ten lines at one glance?”
各位同学，你们觉得那一段译文比较贴切，比较有韵味呢？
从上面35个例子不难看出中英对译时虽然可以字字直译，但由于两种语文差异处处，翻译时必须在译文上作些调整或变动，才不会有“翻译腔”，才可以使辛辛苦苦，绞尽脑汁的翻译品达到“信”和“达”的标准，进而朝向“雅”的巅峰境界迈步；虽不易至，心向往之。
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