杨秀和,号畅春斋主,当代著名书法家、画家、书画教育家、社会活动家、文化学者、摄影师、北京大学特聘教授。畅春斋主杨秀和教授是中国书画院院士、中国国艺人民书画院院士、北京市楹联学会书画院理事、中国民俗摄影家协会会员,建党一百周年选出的百位中国功勋书画艺术家之一。杨秀和还被授予“中国实力派书画家”、“中国百强书画家”、“当代书画艺术领军人物”、“北京市海淀区文化名片”等荣誉称号。杨秀和1955年生于中国北京。杨秀和老师1955年出生于中国北京。2021年杨秀和先生被录入《中国名人辞典》。
杨秀和自幼喜爱书画,师从原北京师范大学教授、北京文化局副局长、著名书法家刘汉春先生。刘汉春先生与刘炳森先生曾同拜北京书画界以“昆吾切玉,铁面向人”启功评语著称的近现代书法巨匠夏午樵先生。
杨秀和坚持六十年临池不辍。习遍二王、柳、颜、欧、赵诸家精品,研究历代名家之精髓。能融各家之长,自幼风格,楷、行、隶、篆、草五体皆能,以隶书见长。杨秀和经过长期努力和刻苦钻研,主攻秀气、隽永的汉隶,形成了自己独特的风格,在书法学术方面享有盛誉。其国画以书入画,也有较高水平,功底深厚,属传统功力型书画家。
杨秀和书画作品入编《采风中国》、《河北当代书画》、《中国周刊》、《聚焦当代艺术》等众多期刊杂志,作品多次入选《中国珍藏邮册》。曾出版《中国艺魂》、《中国当代艺术家》、《北京画馆》、《海淀诗词》、《晓阳书画》、《美丽中国》、《传递正能量,更筑中国梦》等多部书籍。
《道德经》,春秋时期老子所著的哲学作品,又称《道德真经》《老子》《五千言》《老子五千文》,是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作,是道家哲学思想的重要来源。道德经分上下两篇,原文上篇《德经》、下篇《道经》,不分章,后改为《道经》37章在前,第38章之后为《德经》,并分为81章。
《道德经》文本以哲学意义之“道德”为纲宗,论述修身、治国、用兵、养生之道,而多以政治为旨归,乃所谓“内圣外王”之学,文意深奥,包涵广博,被誉为万经之王。
《道德经》是中国历史上最伟大的名著之一,对传统哲学、科学、政治、宗教等产生了深刻影响。据联合国教科文组织统计,《道德经》是除了《圣经》以外被译成外国文字发布量最多的文化名著。
【原文】
天地不仁①,以万物为刍(chú)狗②。圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。天地之间,其犹橐(tuó)龠(yuè)乎③?虚而不屈,动而愈出。多言数穷⑧,不如守中⑤。
【注解】
①仁:仁爱、仁慈。
②刍(chú)狗:用野草扎成的狗,古人祭祀时用,用后即扔。刍,野草。
③橐(tuó)龠(yuè):古代的风箱。
④数:通“速”。
⑤中:适中的意思。
【翻译】
天地无所谓仁爱,对待万物像对待祭祀时草扎的小狗一样,任凭万物自然生长;有道的人无所谓仁爱,对待百姓也如同对待刍狗一样,任凭百姓自己发展。天和地之间,不就像一个风箱吗?虽然中空但永无穷尽,越鼓动风量便愈多,生生不息。政令名目繁多反而会加速国家的败亡,不如保持虚静。天地不仁,以万物为刍狗。
【导读】
老子表达了自己无神论的思想倾向,反对将天地、“道”进行人格化的观点。他认为天地是自然的存在,无所谓仁也无所谓不仁,它对世间万物没有特定的感情,只是任其自生自灭、自由发展。同样,圣人治理天下也应如此,让百姓自劳自息,尊崇自然规则,采取无为而治的方式。太多的冗政繁令只会让人们不知所从,造成混乱。
【解析】
这一章里:老子由天地的“不仁”,讲到圣人的“不仁”,进而提出了“守中”的思想。和前文不执于一端、“不尚贤”、“无为而治”的思想是一贯的。其内容主要包括两方面:一是老子再次表述了自己无神论的思想倾向,否定当时思想界存在的把天地人格化的观点。他认为天地是自然的存在,没有理性和感情,它的存在对自然界万事万物不会产生任何作用,因为万物在天地之间依照自身的自然规律变化发展,不受天、神、人的左右。二是老子又谈到“无为”的社会政治思想,是对前四章内容的进一步发挥。他认为,作为圣人——理想的统治者,应当是遵循自然规律,采取无为之治,任凭老百姓自作自息、繁衍生存,而不会采取干预的态度和措施。
“天地不仁,以万物为刍狗。”王弼说:“天地任自然,无为无造,万物白相治理,故不仁也。”天地无所偏爱,表明天地是一个物理的、自然的存在,并不具有人类的理性和感情;万物在天地之间依照自然法则运行,并不像有神论者所想象的那样,以为天地自然法则对某物有所偏爱,或对某物有所嫌弃,其实这只是人类感情的投射作用。这一见解,表现了老子反对鬼神术数的无神论思想。从无为推论下去,无神论是符合逻辑的必然结果。他认为天地是无为的,自然界的一切事物,只须依照自然界的发展规律生长变化,不需任何主宰者驾临于自然之上来加以命令和安排。
“圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。"同样,圣人无所偏爱,取法于天地的纯任自然。即圣明的统治者对百姓也不应有厚有薄,而要平等相待,让他们根据自己的需要安排作息。对此,老子作了个形象的比喻:圣人不仁,对待老百姓也要像对待刍狗一样。
“天地之间,其犹橐龠乎!虚而不屈,动而愈出。”橐龠,是指用手操作的鼓风工具,即风箱。老子将天地比作一个可以来回鼓动的风箱,只要拉动就可以鼓出风来,而且生生不息,不会竭尽。天地之间,风霜雨雪,电闪雷鸣,皆为天地二气激发涤荡所致,万物生生不息,无不依赖此气。天地之间好像一个风箱,空虚而不会枯竭,越鼓动风越多。而人体就像一个小风箱,风箱的作用在于使炉火更旺。如果用风箱的原理来修身,则生命会更富有激情,生命力会更强。
“多言数穷,不如守中。”老子通过上述比喻想要说明的问题是:“政令繁苛,只会加速其败亡,不如保持虚静状态。"即用很多言辞法令来强制人民执行,很快就会遭到失败,不如按照自然规律办事,虚静无为,这样万物反而能生生不息,永不枯竭。这里所说的“中”,不是“中正”之道,而是虚静。
本章用具体比喻说明如何认识自然和对待自然,论述天地本属自然,社会要顺乎自然,保持虚静,比喻鲜明生动。本章也是承上章对“道冲”作进一步论述。此处由“天道”推论“人道”,由“自然”推论“社会”,核心思想是阐述清静无为的好处。
王弼《道德经注》
天地任自然,无为无造,万物自相治理,故不仁也。仁者必造立施化,有恩有为。造立施化,则物失其真。有恩有为,则物不具存。物不具存,则不足以备载。天地不为兽生刍,而兽食刍;不为人生狗,而人食狗。无为于万物而万物各适其所用,则莫不赡矣。若慧由己树,未足任也。
天地依循道的规律自然而然,不作为,不创造,万物自然发展,所以无所谓仁爱。仁爱的人必创造、建立、施行、教化,有恩德、有作为。人为地创造、建立、施行、教化,事物就失去了它本来的状态。有恩德、有作为,就不能一视同仁地保全万物,而是扶持一些事物的存在,消除另一些事物的存在。天地生出草来不是专为了动物,而动物吃草;天地生出狗来不是专为了人,而人以狗为食。不对万物作什么改变而万物都各有各的用和所用,都足够用。人自己树立的那么点智慧,是远不够用的。
圣人与天地合其德,以百姓比刍狗也。橐,排橐也。龠,乐龠也。橐龠之中空洞,无情无为,故虚而不得穷屈,动而不可竭尽也。天地之中,荡然任自然,故不可得而穷,犹若橐龠也。愈为之则愈失之矣。
物树其慧,事错其言。不慧不济,不言不理,必穷之数也。橐龠而守数中,则无穷尽。弃己任物,则莫不理。若橐龠有意于为声也,则不足以共吹者之求也。
圣人与天地都有相同的品德,所以百姓对于圣人就如同刍狗对于天地。橐指排橐,是风箱。龠指乐龠,是一种乐器。橐龠当中是空的,没有情感也没有作为,空而不能完全按瘪,越按,风就越没有竭尽之时。天地之间,浩浩荡荡,一切都自然发展,所以无法使它穷尽,就像橐龠一样。越争取就越会失去。
事物因智慧而生成,事情因为言辞而杂乱、出错。没有智慧,事物的生发就不能完成,不说话,事情就没有条理,这样就是早晚要结束、灭亡的命数。如果像风箱那样自守内心的空虚,则不会有穷尽。放弃自己的意愿和干预,任由事物自然发展,事物就不会失去条理。假使橐龠故意发出声音,那声音肯定是满足不了吹奏者的要求的。
苏辙《老子解》
天地无私而听万物之自然,故万物自生自死。死非吾虐之,生非吾仁之也。譬如结刍以为狗,设之于祭祀,尽饰以奉之,夫岂爱之?时适然也。既事而弃之,行者践之,夫岂恶之?亦适然也。圣人之于民亦然。特无以害之,则民全其性,死生得丧,吾无与焉。虽未仁之而仁亦大矣。
天地没有自我的意识而听任万物自然而然地发展变化,所以万物的生死都是自然地基于它自己的性质,而非外物造成的。死不是虐待造成的,生也不是因为我的仁慈。比如把草结成草狗,摆在祭祀的地方,卖力地装饰它、拜它,哪里是因为对它有爱呢?因为处在那样的场合,所以人们做出那样的举动。祭祀结束了就把草狗扔了,走过的人从上面踩过去,哪里是因为厌恶呢?这也是正常的、自然而然的事。圣人对于百姓也是这样的。不去损害人民的利益,百姓就能保全他们的品格、本性,他们的出生、死亡、获得、失去,都不是我所施加的。虽然没有仁爱,但对百姓来说是比珍重、呵护他们更好的事,是一种更伟大的仁。
排之有橐与龠也,方其一动,气之所及,无不靡也,不知者以为机巧极矣。然橐龠则何为哉!盖亦虚而不屈,是以动而愈出耳。万物化之始至于天地之间;其所以生杀万物,彫刻众形者,亦若是而已矣。见其动而愈出,不知其为虚中之报也。故告之以多言数穷,不如守中之不穷也。
风箱有外椟和内管,一按动它,气流吹过的地方,任何东西都要倒伏,不懂的人觉得这器具设计得精巧极了。然而风箱本身做了什么呢?因为里面是空的而不能被完全按瘪,所以越操作它吹出的风越大。万物的变化在天地之间就像在风箱里一样,之所以万物有生长死亡,有各种不同的形态,也是因为天地有着风箱一般的空虚守中的品质。人们见到风箱越鼓动风越大,却不知道是因为它其中是空的。所以老子告知说,话说得越多,言辞的穷尽就越快到来,不如守住内心的虚空。
【经典解读】
老子认为天地是一个物理的、自然的存在,它不具备人类所拥有的那些善良、仁爱等感情,它不会对其间存在、生长的万物有任何偏爱。这一见解,表现了老子反对鬼神术数的无神论思想,是值得重视的进步思想。
大多数宗教都将“神”看为世间的主宰,包括由老子思想发展而成的道教一老子本人也演化出了太上老君的形象,但这并非是老子本意。诸子百家存在很多相信天地有灵的思想,墨子就创造出了“天志”、“天意”的观念,认为天有意志,天知善恶,并具有“兼爱”的精神。关于儒家对“天”的理解历来争论颇多。有人认为孔孟等人是肯定天有意志的,比如孔子说“获罪于天,无所祷也”,孟子说“死生有命,富贵在天”;但也有人认为孔子等人是不相信所谓的天命的,如《论语》中有“子不语怪力乱神”等。但换个角度思考,其实他们的思想观念都是息息相通的,几乎都是以老子的思想为源泉或是材料的。
有与无本就是相依相形的,天志、天意的有无也是这样。只不过老子在这里将天地和“道”进行了一个分割,“天地之间”说明此处的“天地”即真实存在的天地,而“道”则退到了幕后,是支撑天地的规律,或是产生天地的本源。天虽然没有善恶、美丑之心,但它依然是有规律的,这就是支配着万物的“道”。而在孔墨等人言论中的“天”则与“道”合而为一,可以说天就是道。“死生有命,富贵在天”,即与“顺道可生可贵,逆道可败可亡”是同样的意思。对于“天地不位.”这句话,荀子的“天道有常,不为尧存,不为桀亡”更加接近。在天道有无这个点上,各个思想家虽然表述各异,对“天”与“道”的关系及其各自内涵也有不同的观点,但在人要“依道而行,顺天而行”上却是完全一致的。
作为一个勇敢的批判者,老子比同时代和以后诸多哲学家更具睿智和胆识。他第一个讲出了“天地不仁”这样的真理,并将其推广向治世上。在老子的眼中,天不带有任何人类道义和道德方面的感情,它只按自己的客观规律一一即“道”运行。天虽然不讲仁慈,但也无所偏向,不怀恻隐之心但也不具暴虐之性。它滋生万物,并非出于喜好;它降灾致疫,也不是出于厌恶。因此,“圣人”治理百姓也不可讲仁慈,应该顺应自然之道,顺应百姓之性,无为而治。如果人为的干预过多,各种矛盾就会激化,反而使社会更加混乱。
【哲理引申】
勸政假中是衡量一个官员、一个帝王好坏的标准。大多数人相信,“夙夜在公”的官员必定是个好官、能官、爱民之官;而那些经常饮酒作乐的官员则是唐官、懒官、害民之官。其实,一个官员的好坏并不能仅仅靠勤政与否来衡量。桢皇兢兢业业十几年,事必躬亲,整天为国事愁眉苦脸,甚至为此不近美色,不好游猎,但他并未能拯救大明帝国,最终做了亡国之君。汉文帝实行无为而治的政策,最终实现了文景之治的盛况。有些官员顺势而为,可能不用商衣旰食就能將人民治理好;有些官员则过于勤政,不仅不能治理好民众,还会扰乱人民正常的生产,自己也累出一身病。
《吕氏春秋。察明》记载了宓子贱鸣琴而治的典故。宓子贱是孔子的学生,鲁国国君派他去治理单父这个地方。宓子贱刚到单父不久,该地的大小官吏就都前往拜见。必子贱叫两个副官拿记事簿把参拜官员的名字登记下来,这两人命而行。当两个副官提笔书写来者姓名的时候,宓子贱却在一旁不断地用手去拉扯他们的胳膊,使两人写的字一塌糊涂,不成样子。写完后,宓子贱又拿着刮糟槽的名册,把他们]狠狠地训斥了一顿,嫌他们写得不好。两个副官受了免屈、侮辱,心里非常恼怒。事后,他们向宓子贱递交了辞呈。宓子贱不仅没有挽留他们,而且火上浇油地说:“你们写不好字还不算大事,这次你们回去,路上可要当心,如果价们走起路来也像写字一样不成体统,那就会出更大的乱子!”
两个副官回去以后,满腹委屈地向鲁君汇报了宓子贱在单父的所为。他们以为鲁君可了这些话会向宓子贱发难。没有料想到鲁君竟然负疚地叹息道:“这件事既不是你]的错,也不能怪罪宓子贱。他是故意做给我看的。过去他在朝廷为官的时候,经常发表一此有益于国家的政见。可是我经常扰乱阻挠其政治张的实现。你们在单父写字t,必子贱有意掣肘的做法实际上是一种隐喻。他在提醒我今后对他治理单父的事不要干扰过多,在他治理时不要掣肘。”
鲁君说罢,立即派其亲信去单父,对宓子贱说:“从今以后,单父再不归我管辖。这里全权交给你。凡是有益于单父发展的事,你可以自主决断。你每隔五年通报一次就行了。”于是宓子贱在单父按照自己的理念进行治理,将其治理得井井有条。
宓子贱在治理单父之时,每天十分逍遥,闲暇时就弹琴取乐,悠闲自在很少走出公堂。而后,孔子的另一个弟子巫马期来治理单父,巫马期治理单父之时十分勤奋,每天星星还高挂在天上时就出门工作,直到星星又高挂天上时才家,日夜不得安宁,事事都亲自办理,很多事搞得他头昏脑胀,好不容易将单父治理好了,自己也病倒了。
于是他向必子贱请教治理单父的道理。宓子贱说:“我治理单父之时任用贤人,顺从百姓本性,而你治理之时,用的都是自己的力量。”后人称赞必子贱的治理之法,四肢安逸,耳目不烦,心平气和,而百官得其位,人民得其道,只是因为顺从了治理之道的缘故。而巫马期则智力疲劳,身体穷乏,政令繁多,未能得治民之道。
可见,如果想要达到最好的治理效果,上级不能对下级干扰太多,以免在其施政中掣肘;治理的人不能对人民干扰太多,以免政令繁冗,使民不知所从。所以说,“勤政”,不一定是最好的方式。
著名书法家、画家畅春斋主杨秀和先生被评为国家一级书法家、国家一级美术师、国宾礼书画家,中国书法家协会会员、中国美术家协会会员。
杨秀和现担任东方欣正书画院院长,京西文艺杂志社总编,中国名家杂志社荣誉总编,北京墨缘阁书院院长,北京海图书画苑特级书法教师,北京世纪名家书画院艺术顾问,羲之书画报当代艺苑专刊主任创作委员。
杨秀和在全国书画大赛中曾荣获《当代诗文书画家名作金榜集》一等奖;第二届、第三届魅力神州全国书画征文大赛二等奖;第二届魅力神州全国书画征文大赛二等奖;辉煌中国·第四届当代书画家精品邀请赛特别嘉宾奖;北京水立方·书画名家艺术展——文化创新开拓者奖;第二届国际文化艺术节突出贡献奖;第五届、第六届当代羲之奖·书画家作品邀请赛金奖;第十三届艺教之星全国师生书画大赛优秀园丁奖;首届全国书画网络精英大赛特别贡献奖;首届金手指杯全国青少年美术书法人才选拔赛优秀指导教师奖;当代中国艺术作品成就展特别金奖。
著名书法教育家欧阳中石曾评价杨秀和书法:“畅春斋主杨秀和先生笔力苍劲,深得宋明之韵,米黄之风。谋篇从容雍雅,行笔纵横酣畅,点墨浓稀得当。帖意碑风融于一体,雄浑中不失飘逸,刚劲中充满灵动。观之如峻岭连绵,又如波涛涌至,富有强烈且不失愉悦的视觉效果。”
著名书法家刘炳森也曾这样评价杨秀和书法:“杨秀和先生书法得力古远,以钟繇、二王、汉隶唐经为根柢,融汇宋元明清流脉。意境古雅,风姿妍正。真隶行草俱擅,结字雍容大气,笔势刚劲中尽带律动,笔笔酣畅遗韵;小楷气象大,大幅意蕴深,具有强烈的艺术感染力。”
中国书法家协会理事刘文华先生曾评价杨秀和书法:“杨秀和教授隶书朴茂奇肆,瑰异凝重,再现汉碑简牍的法度和韵味。”
当代隶书大家沈定庵曾评价杨秀和书法:“杨公秀和汉隶苍劲怀远富有韵律,笔法墨法章法皆做到恰到好处,汉时风雅如现眼前。”
杨秀和书画作品,每年的成交额都会在500万以上,如果按照当下的市场行情来说,四尺整张价格一般都在3万元左右。
2018年春,杨秀和经写了八个字“博观约取,厚积薄发”,在保利拍卖行上拍卖,规格是四尺整张,起拍价15000元,最终成拍价格是8万元。一般情况下,杨秀和每平尺书法润格在3000元左右,但个别精品每平尺润格可能达到1万元以上。
2022年,北京市保利拍卖平台上对杨秀和先生的一幅四尺整张的四个字的书法作品“砥砺前行”进行拍卖,起拍价为12000元,最终经过20位买家的竞拍,以17.86万元人民币成交,这也是杨秀和先生的书法通过保利拍卖所拍出的最高成交价格。
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“道可道,非常道,名可名,非常名”是什么意思?
意思是:“道”如果可以用言语来表述,那它就是常“道”(“道”是可以用言语来表述的,它并非一般的“道”);“名”如果可以用文辞去命名,那它就是常“名”(“名”也是可以说明的,它并非普通的“名”)。出自:春秋老子《道德经》原文:道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名。无名,天地之始,有名...
红楼梦60到120回的100字章节概括
贾母八十一大寿时,鸳鸯叫惜春写经。李纨与贾母打双陆。宝玉给贾母送蝈蝈解闷。 师傅让对对子,贾环对不了,宝玉帮他对,他买蝈蝈谢宝玉;贾兰对好了,宝玉夸...2012-01-02 红楼梦60-120 章回概括 每回200字左右 125 2013-07-13 红楼梦每回章节概括·100字以内 3065 2015-04-25 红楼梦1-120回分章回梗概...
通典 卷八十一 礼四十一 沿革四十一 凶礼三
循答云:"按古者君臣义重,虽以至尊之义,降而无服,三月之内犹锡縗以居,不接吉事。故春秋晋大夫智悼子未葬,平公作乐,杜蒉讥之。咸宁诏书,宜为定制。" 大唐之制,如开元仪。 国有大丧使者章服及不爵命议 (魏晋) 魏晋故事:"问:"今以宗室为监公主丧使者,应著何服?"卞搉答:"国有大丧,使者所服,礼...
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第八十一回 占旺相四美钓游鱼 奉严词两番入家塾 第八十二回 老学究讲义警顽心 病潇湘痴魂惊恶梦 第八十三回 省宫闱贾元妃染恙 闹闺阃薛宝钗吞声 第八十四回 试文字宝玉始提亲 探惊风贾环重结怨 第八十五回 贾存周报升郎中任 薛文起复惹放流刑 第八十六回 受私贿老官翻案牍 寄闲情淑女...
水浒的章节概括
●第八十一回 吴用对高俅不信任,对招安不抱希望。宋江派戴宗、燕青带上闻焕章给宿元景太尉的书信,前往东京(开封)。 ●第八十二回 天子女临朝,大骂童贯、...时迁去东京盗得徐宁雁翎锁子甲,转与戴宗拿上梁山。汤隆假装和徐宁、时迁追赶盗甲之人,碰上乐和赶车,一起上坐。乐和用麻药麻翻徐宁,赚上梁山,教习钩镰...
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水浒传每章叫什么名字... 水浒传每章叫什么名字 展开 我来答 4个回答 #热议# 已婚女性就应该...53,神算子 蒋敬 蒋敬相当于现在的总帐会计,不难理解叫神算子,是计算的算,不是算计的算54小温侯 ...81,操刀鬼 曹正 曹正原是屠户,操刀为业,长的再丑些,自然叫操刀鬼 82,云里金刚 宋万;金刚 ,是...
写2篇西游记复述,从古文翻译为现代文,两章,一章一篇,生动,
但孙悟空终究敌不过佛法无边的如来,一路筋斗云却翻不出佛掌.如来将孙悟空压在五行山下,饥吃铁丸,...五百年后,正是大唐太宗李世民时期.如来为劝化东土众人为善,令他的高徒金蝉子投生陈状元家,但他尚未出世...本书作者罗贯中为读者讲述了唐僧以及其他的三个徒弟一路上历尽艰险、降妖伏魔经历了九九八十一难取得了真...
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《三国演义》的章回目录
第043回 诸葛亮舌战群儒 鲁子敬力排众议 第044回 孔明用智激周瑜 孙权决计破曹操 第045回 三江口曹操折兵 群英会蒋干中计 第046回 用奇谋孔明借箭 献密计黄盖受刑 第047回 阚泽密献诈降书 庞统巧授连环计 第048回 宴长江曹操赋诗 锁战船北军用武 第049回 七星坛诸葛祭风 三江口周瑜纵火 第...
《三国演义》的章回目录
第043回 诸葛亮舌战群儒 鲁子敬力排众议 第044回 孔明用智激周瑜 孙权决计破曹操 第045回 三江口曹操折兵 群英会蒋干中计 第046回 用奇谋孔明借箭 献密计黄盖受刑 第047回 阚泽密献诈降书 庞统巧授连环计 第048回 宴长江曹操赋诗 锁战船北军用武 第049回 七星坛诸葛祭风 三江口周瑜纵火 第...
戢眉13317099073问:
《老子》第八十一章 的解释 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 【原文】 信言不美,美言不信; 善者不辩,辩者不善; 知者不博,博者不知. 圣人不积. 既以为人己愈有,既以与人己愈多. 天之道,利而不害;圣人...
戢眉13317099073问:
老子第八十一章的意思? - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 真实的表述不见得漂亮,漂亮的表述不见得真实;善良的人不见得擅长道义之辩,擅长于道义之辩的不见得善良;明于道的人不见得博学,博学的不见得明于道.圣人什么都不积蓄,他尽量为了别人,而自己就越富有;他尽量给予别人,而自己就越丰富.天的道路是利于万物而不会残害,圣人的道路是有所作为而不去争论.本章是 道德经 的最后一章、应该是全书正式的结束语.本章采用了格言警句的形式,本章是道论的终结.在纷坛流变的事件丛林之中,老子所奉行的基本准则就是不滞于名而柔弱灵动,不系于物而多有奉献,对一切利而不害,为而不争.这与我们所要构建的和谐社会在理论上是有共同点的.
戢眉13317099073问:
懂古文的进,(道德经) - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 八十一章 信言不美(1),美言不信(2).善者(3)不辩(4),辩者不善.知者不博(5),博者不知.圣人不积(6),既以为人己愈有(7),既以与(8)人己愈多.天之道,利而不害(9);人之道,为而不争(10). 【注释】 (1)信言...
戢眉13317099073问:
老子八十一章 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 先简单解释: 达到虚无的境界,就是(万物发展变化的)极点和尽头.保持静止,就是没有偏离(万物的根本).万物都在兴起、发展,我从而观察它们还原.自然之物尽管变化万端,最后又各自返回到它们的本原,这称做“静”.“静”,这...
戢眉13317099073问:
正木笃翻译的海国图志中的夷情备采称为 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 正确答案 《澳门月报和解》
戢眉13317099073问:
老子道德经第一章是啥内容 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 道德经原文 第一章 道可道,非常道.名可名,非常名. 无名天地之始,有名万物之母.故常无欲以观其妙; 常有欲以观其徼(jiào). 此两者同出而异名,同谓之玄,玄之又玄,众妙之门.
戢眉13317099073问:
老子道德经原文 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 老子道德经原文在百度上就有,很全的,我自己做了个注音版的,不过还没做好,这里有http://baike.baidu.com/view/16516.htm#4八十一章还是不错的
戢眉13317099073问:
道可道什么意思? - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 老子《道德经》八十一章中的第一章第一句就是:“道可道,非常道.”这是老子写《道德经》的开宗明义之句,其分量是极重大的.如果这个开宗明义的第一句话没有弄清楚,那么以下整本《道德经》都没有法子好好地读下去,更不要说如何...
戢眉13317099073问:
老子道德经 - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 老子道德经分为上下两部分,【道经】阐释天道-自然规律,【德经】揭示人德-人生行为准则.九九八十一章,每一章节内容不尽相同.纵观《道德经》全篇,其中“道”贯穿始终.究竟何谓“道”没有一个明确的定义-“道可道,非常道”,任何语言及人类的想象都有很大的局限性和主观性.真正的道不以人的意识为转移,它客观存在但大道无形,我们所能看到的只是“道”诸多表象即“德”,“德”是形式“道”是内容.非要以世间有形事物为“道”立意那应该是水,《道德经》第八章不争无尤:“上善若水.水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,故几于道.”
戢眉13317099073问:
天地不仁,以万物为刍狗是什么意思? - ?
江宁区钆特回答: 意思是天地对待万物,就像对待刍狗一样一视同仁.出自春秋时期老子的《道德经》,刍狗的意思就是草做的狗.狗在古代本来是作祭祀用的牺牲,在祭祖宗、祭天地等典礼中,如现在的冷猪头、牛、羊等.后来由于社会风气的演变,不再用真...