清代的八大山人指的是
《后汉书》卷39《周磐传》记载：“岁朝会集诸生，讲论终日。”唐代章怀太子李贤注曰：“岁朝，岁旦。”自汉武帝以后，“岁朝”均指得农历正月初一。
与过年有关的节令画在古代多称之为“岁朝图”——它始于唐代，起先不过是一些仕绅、文人在大年初一将金石、书画、古董等雅玩之物精心摆设于临窗的案几上，渐渐地也有将这些物品勾染成画挂壁，意在祈福纳祥。
至两宋，这些雅事在宫廷中正式兴起，宋徽宗（1100-1126年在位）每逢春节将临，乃命其图画院的画师们描画冬季不能见到的花卉禽鸟，陈列宫中，以增添岁朝的喜庆气氛——流传至今年代较早的作品是北宋画家赵昌与董祥创作的《岁朝图》。
▲[北宋]趙昌《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，103.8×51.2cm。臺北故宮博物院藏。
此后，“岁朝图”的内容逐渐扩展，经明、清而至近现代，大至文房器物，小至灯笼、鞭炮、果蔬等日常生活用品，都成为图上的吉祥物，日益成为一种雅俗共赏、意蕴丰厚，融诗、书、画、印于一体的画种。
▲[清代]愛新覺羅•弘曆（乾隆皇帝）《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，尺寸不詳。北京故宮博物院藏。
其中，“岁朝图”作为古代宫廷春节一种重要的绘画题材，不仅宫廷画师们要按时呈交“年例画”，擅长绘画的皇亲、大臣也常常以绘画的形式向皇帝恭贺新春。不仅如此，有时皇帝也会亲自绘制“岁朝图”表达新年的祝福。
▲[清代]光緒皇帝《歲朝清供圖》，絹本設色，73×39cm。私人藏品。
而无论画家书画，还是皇帝御笔，此类创作一般分为两种：一是描绘辞旧迎新的庆贺祝拜场景；二是以蔬果、文房等入画，赋予其吉祥寓意与文化内涵，多以“岁朝清供图”命名。通过前者可以一窥古人的迎春习俗，后者则反映出文人墨客的古雅情调。与此同时，由于春节的宗教功能逐渐弱化而娱乐性逐渐增强，人们在力图营造欢庆氛围的同时，也表达了对美好生活的向往。
▲[南宋]佚名《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，尺寸不詳。上海博物館藏。
“清供”，又称清玩，由佛前供花发展而来。最早是以香花蔬果替代告朔之牛羊，而后发展成为包括金石、书画、古器、盆景在内，一切可供案头赏玩的文雅物品的统称。
清供有两层意思，一指清雅的供品，如松、竹、梅、鲜花、香火和食物；二是指古器物，盆景等供玩赏的东西，如文房清供、书斋清供和案头清供。清供发源于佛像前之插花，最早为香花蔬果，后来渐渐发展成为包括金石、书画、古器、盆景在内的一切可供案头赏玩的文物雅品。
▲[元代]錢選《歲朝清供圖》，絹本設色，95×61cm。私人藏品。
旧时清供分类很细，大致有文房清供、案头清供等，也分“有名之供”和“无名之供”。有名之供，可按节日分，如岁朝清供、瑞阳清供、中秋清供等；亦可按礼俗分，如寿诞清供、婚喜清供、成人清供等。无名之供，是在非节日之时随心无来由地摆上几样物什，比如有朋自远方来，送了水果、盆栽，主人便找相配的果盘花案来“供奉”。
清供始于秦汉 盛于明清
研究者指出，秦汉时期文房清供就已经出现。唐宋时期的文人们热衷于对笔墨纸砚和古器物的赏鉴，所谓“吾所好，玩而老焉可也”。
▲[南宋]李嵩《花籃圖》，絹本設色，26.1×26.3cm。臺北故宮博物院藏。
从宋代开始清玩被认为是文士风雅的标志之一。南宋末年，赵希鹤在《洞天清禄集》中，将文房清供列为十项，即砚屏、琴、砚台、玩石、古画、笔墨真迹、古今石刻、钟鼎彝器，以及文房之中的水滴、笔格。
至明时，清玩之风表现出有增无减之势，已经成为文人之间的普遍现象，清供图的形制逐渐成型。《格古要论》又将文房清供列为十三项，即古墨迹、琴、碑法帖、 砚、古画、古锦、铜器、金石遗文、瑰宝、窑器、异木竹、怪石等；至明末屠龙著书，又将文房清供列为45种之多。明代文人以宋人为典范，追求雅致的生活情 调，极重书斋之陈设，“斋中清供”在明代颇为盛行。
▲[明代]邊景昭《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，229×110cm。私人藏品。
“斋中清供”在很多古代的画作中得到体现，比如被反复演绎的《西园雅集图》。在李公麟、顾知、陈洪绶、周翰、王式等人创作于从宋到清不同时期的《西园雅集图》当中，都可以看到不少“清供”的图像。
到了清代，清供绘画发展至鼎盛，特别是清中期以后，帝皇的喜好推动了清供画的发展，富裕的市民阶层迎合时尚，对清供画需求旺盛，于是许多画家热衷于画这一 题材。如边寿民、虚谷、赵之谦、任伯年、吴昌硕、王震、齐白石、王雪涛、唐云等都画过大量岁朝清供图，风格多样，以民间常见之物入画，技法多以大写意见长。总体而言，清供的鼎盛时代应在明清。
▲[清代]改琦《歲朝集吉圖》，絹本設色，101×46cm。私人藏品。
清供图是文人画的固定题材之一
“清供”在中国古代，特别是明清之后的文人生活中，有着极为重要的地位，清供之盛行，甚至成了书画、雕刻的一个重要题材，称作“清供图”。“清供图”和“四君子图”、“岁寒三友图”一起成为当时文人画题材中较为固定的图式，在中国绘画史上写下了重要一笔。
▲[清代]八大山人 1686年作 芝兰清供图
画瓶插红梅、盘养水仙，旁边散着几只佛手、柿子、如意，就是春节前后的“岁朝清供”；若画了一瓶菖蒲、艾草，下面配着粽子、五毒，则是“端午清供”；如果是几根萝卜，一棵白菜，乃至玉米倭瓜，便是体现山居风情的“山家清供”……
所以画家在创作节日、礼俗类题材的清供画时，除了艺术形式以外，还要考虑如何通过各种物象的配搭传递出吉祥寓意。
齐白石 报道平安
如想要表达“岁岁平安”的祝福，一般会选取稻穗、花瓶、苹果、鹌鹑等；想要表达“福气”，可选取佛手、香橼、蝙蝠等；想要表达“长寿”可选寿石、月季、菊 花、松柏、蟠桃等；想要表达“多子多孙”可绘石榴、葡萄、葫芦、莲蓬等；想要表达“富贵荣华”多用牡丹、芙蓉、桂花等。这种巧妙的组合，吉祥的寓意，从古传承至今。
岁朝图画笔如生
新春以“清供”入画的画作，被称之为“岁朝清供图”或“岁朝图”。“岁朝图”蕴含丰富、寓意深邃、雅俗共赏，给节日平添祥和喜庆的气氛。
清中后期，“岁朝图”在书画领域很是盛行，画家们以清供之品入画，兼工带写，敷衍成诗，使之成为图文并茂的文人画。这一风气在扬州画派和海上画派中尤为兴 盛，许多画家都创作过“岁朝图”，有代表性的就有李鳝、赵之谦、任伯年、吴昌硕等。其中，任伯年的天竹、齐白石的万年青都堪称佳作。
吴昌硕 吉庆平安
历代诸多文人画家都喜欢在这一天绘制《岁朝清供图》，作为新年伊始的首幅作品。如吴昌硕几乎每年都画《岁朝清供图》，且多所变化，其最大的特点是很少取材于牡丹，他在《缶庐别存》中有一段话披露了其用意，文曰：“己丑除夕，闭门守岁，呵冻作画自娱。凡岁朝图多画牡丹，以富贵名也。予穷居海上，一官如虱，富贵花必不相称，故写梅取有出世姿，写菊取有傲霜骨，读书短檠，我家长物也，此是缶庐中冷淡生活。”
“岁朝图”中，多福多寿的佛手，多子多孙的石榴，年年有余的鲤鱼、莲藕，喜上眉梢的梅花、喜鹊，平安如意的花瓶、如意等，都是画家笔下常见的吉物。
▲[明代]陳鴻綬《歲朝清供圖》。
祈福纳祥岁朝图
彷如郑板桥路经扬州东郭市上，见有元人李萌《岁朝图》一幅，爱不释手，虽“几于破乱不堪”，但慧眼识真，掷钱买下。重新装裱后悬挂书斋，岁朝清赏，聊以自娱，并赋七言志意：“一瓶一瓶又一瓶，岁朝图画笔如生。莫将片纸嫌残缺，三百年来爱古情。”
清供画，蕴含着中国传统士大夫生活与文人生活中最雅致精微的部分，与庶民最朴素美好的祈愿，可谓是真正的寓雅于俗、雅俗共赏。
▲[北宋]蘇漢臣《五瑞圖》，絹本設色，165.5×102.5cm。臺北故宮博物院藏。
▲[元代]佚名《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，尺寸不詳。臺北故宮博物院藏。
▲[明代]李士達《歲朝村慶圖》，紙本設色，132.9×64cm。私人藏品。
▲[明代]柳如是《歲朝清供圖》，絹本設色，尺寸不詳。私人藏品。
▲[明代]馬守贞《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，41.3×102.5cm。私人藏品。
▲[明代]李士達《花村稱慶圖》（又名《高堂稱慶圖》），紙本設色， 127.5×86cm。私人藏品。
▲[明代]周文靖《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，137.7×71.7cm。上海博物館藏。
▲[明代]周之冕（款）《歲朝清供圖》，紙本設色，89×56cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]陳枚《歲兆圖》，紙本設色，121×62cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]陳書《歲朝麗景圖》，絹本設色，96.8×47cm。臺北故宮博物院藏。
▲[清代]光緒皇帝《清供圖》，絹本設色，尺寸不詳。私人藏品。
▲[清代]高鳳翰《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，尺寸不詳。私人藏品。
▲[清代]金城《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，131×53cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]金鼎《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，尺寸不詳。中國美術學院藏。
▲[明代]朱見深（明宪宗）《歲朝佳兆圖》，紙本設色，59.97×35.50cm。北京故宮博物院藏 。
▲[清代]伍德彝《歲朝清供圖》，紙本設色，89×45cm（畫心），119×30.5cm×2 （對聯）。私人藏品。
▲[清代]金農《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，44×30cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]居巢《歲朝清供圖》，絹本設色，30×45cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]蘭亭翁《歲朝清供圖》，紙本設色，70×79cm。私人藏品。
▲[明代]袁尚統《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，107.8×52.2cm。北京故宮博物院藏。
▲[清代]周愷《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，98.5×52.5cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]張儼《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，99×51cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]楊晉《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，72.5×42cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]李嘉福《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，122×53cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]李世倬《歲朝圖》（指畫），紙本設色，104.5×46.3cm。北京故宮博物院藏。
▲[清代]姚文瀚《歲朝歡慶圖》，紙本設色，82.4×55cm。臺北故宮博物院藏。
▲[清代]劉承德《歲朝圖》，紙本設色，135.1×47.4cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]郎世寧《歲朝清供圖》，絹本設色，31.5×39cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]郎世寧《乾隆帝歲朝行樂圖》，絹本設色，305.5×206cm。北京故宮博物院藏。
▲[清代]蔣季錫《歲朝圖》。
▲[清代]劉壽萱《歲朝圖》，絹本設色，105×58cm。私人藏品。
▲[清代]羅聘《歲兆圖》，紙本設色，156×78cm 。私人藏品。
任伯年作品
任伯年 岁朝图
任薰 岁朝清供
任颐 岁朝清供
蒲华 岁朝清贡
溥儒 岁朝清供
溥儒 岁朝图
高凤翰 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 新喜
齐白石 有新气象
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 岁朝图
齐白石 福并岁朝来
齐白石 岁朝图
吴昌硕 岁朝清供
吴昌硕 岁朝清供
吴昌硕 岁朝清供
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛作品
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛 岁朝图
王雪涛 岁朝图
王个簃 岁朝图
江寒汀 岁朝清供
郭味蕖 岁朝图
丁辅之 岁朝作供图
丁辅之 岁朝甘果图
丁辅之 岁朝甘果
郭味蕖 岁朝图
唐云 岁朝图
唐云 岁朝图
孙其峰 岁朝图
孙其峰 岁朝图
张善孖 岁朝图
娄师白 岁朝图
娄师白 岁朝清供
娄师白 春风送暖迎岁朝
黄君璧 岁朝清供
黄君璧 岁朝图
孔小瑜 岁朝清供
陈大羽 岁朝清供
陈大羽 岁朝清供
陈大羽 岁朝清供
胡佩衡 岁朝清兴
来楚生 岁朝清供
陆抑非 岁朝清供
陆抑非 岁朝图
陆抑非 仿明人岁朝图
潘天寿 岁寒图
陈子庄 岁朝清供
黄山寿 岁朝清供
梅兰芳 岁朝清供
梅兰芳 岁朝清供
黄宾虹 岁朝图
黄宾虹 岁朝图
钱松岩 岁朝图
钱松喦作品
钱松岩 岁朝图
朱屺瞻 岁朝如意图
赵之谦 岁朝清供图
赵少昂 岁朝清供 镜框
张大壮 岁朝清供
叶曼叔 岁朝喜庆
杨之光、尚涛等合作 岁朝图
董邦达 岁朝图
崔子范 岁朝图
程十发 岁朝图
陈少梅 岁朝图
陈半丁 岁朝图
赵云壑 岁朝图
赵云壑 岁朝图
禹之鼎 岁朝图
萧平 岁朝清供
吴徵 岁朝清供
吴琴木 岁朝清供
王一亭 岁朝清供
张大千作品
张大千 岁朝图
张大千 岁朝清供
张大千 岁朝清供
张大千,王雪涛,等 岁朝图
吴湖帆,冯超然,商笙伯,张石园,等 岁朝图
王震 岁朝图
王震 岁朝图
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新春佳节，赏《岁朝清供图》八大山人指的是
八大山人是朱耷名号，他是清初清初四僧之一，是中国画一代宗师，八大山人生于1626年，卒于1705年，终年80岁。书画艺术大师八大山人，骨子里留着没落皇族的血统，在近300年的朱氏江山给了清朝第一位皇帝顺治数十年后，脱俗叛逆吸附满天晖光，成为影响中国乃至世界的一代艺术巨匠。透过冷气逼人、嫉俗傲世...
八大山人是谁
朱耷（1626～1705），真名朱统筌，中国明末清初画家，僧人。江西南昌人，南昌宁王朱权之后，明亡后出家，因尝持八大人觉经，故又号八大山人。朱耷一生字、号、别号极多，主要有：法名传棨，号雪个、个山、屋驴、人屋，尤以八大山人最为知名。据载，他还曾弃僧入道，改名朱道朗，字良月。在书画上...
下列关于“八大山人”的表述,正确的是( )。
A项正确，朱耷，明末清初画家，中国画一代宗师，号八大山人，他一生坎坷，曾一度精神失常，痛定思痛后，他选择背过身去，与世隔绝，在创作中安放自己孤独的灵魂。B项错误，《富春山居图》是元朝画家黄公望的代表作品，全图用墨淡雅，山和水的布置疏密得当，墨色浓淡干湿并用，极富于变化，是黄公望的代...
八大山人指的是
“八大山人”指的是朱耷。朱耷的号叫做八大山人。朱耷是明朝宗室后裔，为明太祖朱元璋的第十七子宁献王朱权的九世孙子，他的身份不简单，是明朝皇室后裔、出身贵胄，可惜时运不济，十九岁刚刚成年大明就灭亡了，很多皇室子孙担心清朝要对老朱家斩草除根，纷纷隐姓埋名。那朱耷也很害怕，他在自己的书画作...
传说中的八大山人有几个人
传说中的八大山人是一个人，指的是朱耷。朱耷1626年在江西南昌出生，号八大山人。他是明太祖朱元璋第十七子朱权的九世孙，本是皇家世孙。明亡后削发为僧，成了亡命之徒，后改信道教，住南昌青云谱道院。擅书画，花鸟以水墨写意为主，形象夸张奇特，笔墨凝炼沉毅，风格雄奇隽永；山水师法董其昌，笔致...
八大山人是哪个?
八大山人，名朱耷，江西南昌人，为明宁献王朱权九世孙，清初画坛“四僧”之一。八大山人，明末清初画家、书法家，清初画坛“四僧”之一。原为明朝王孙，明灭亡后，国毁家亡，心情悲愤，落发为僧，他一生对明忠心耿耿，以明朝遗民自居，不肯与清合作。他的作品往往以象征手法抒写心意，如画鱼、鸭、鸟...
八大山人原名是什么,那个朝代
八大山人是一个人 朱耷（1626～1705），谱名朱统筌，明朝宁王朱权的后代，中国明末清初著名画家，僧人。江西南昌人，南昌宁王朱权之后，明亡后出家，因尝持八大人觉经，故又号八大山人。
八大山人原名是什么,那个朝代
八大山人(朱耷)原名:朱由桵,明末清初画家。 朱耷(1626—约1705),明末清初画家,中国画一代宗师。本名由桵,字雪个,号八大山人、个山 、驴屋等,汉族,江西南昌人。明宁王朱权后裔。明亡后削发为僧,后改信道教,住南昌青云谱道院。擅书画,花鸟以水墨写意为宗,形象夸张奇特,笔墨凝炼沉毅,风格雄奇隽永;山水师法董其...
八大山人说的是谁?这个名号又是如何来的?
朱耷(1626～1705)，本名朱由桵，有雪个、个山、人屋、良月、道朗、八大山人等别号，江西南昌人。他是明太祖朱元璋第十六子朱权的九世孙。朱权封宁王于南昌，繁衍八支，朱耷属弋阳王支，袭封辅国中尉。他的父祖都善书画，因此朱耷从小就受到艺术陶冶。八岁即能作诗，十一岁能画青绿山水，并能悬腕...
“八大山人”的名号由何而来,八大山人指的是谁?
的确，八大山人是中国古代比较有名的一位书画家，但是，他有另外一个身份却鲜为人知——他是大明王朝宁献王朱权的后裔。八大山人的本名叫朱耷，1626年生于宁献王的属地，今天的江西南昌。朱耷自幼居住在王府院内，过着衣食无忧的王公生活。理所当然，在王候家成长的朱耷也读了不少的书，在名师的教导...
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答：[答案] 193.清代的“ 八大山人”指的是:(A)A.一位画家;B.八位画家.
辛雄17284455253问： 清代的“八大山人”指的是? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 是一个人 八大山人,清代著名画家,清初画坛“四僧”之一,八大山人是他名号之一.他生于1626 年,卒于1705年,为明朝皇族江宁献王朱权的后裔,是第九世孙.19岁时国破家亡,心情悲愤,便装哑扮傻,在门上贴个大哑字,不与人语....
辛雄17284455253问： 清代的“八大山人”指的是?？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 清代的“八大山人”指的是一位画家诗人.
辛雄17284455253问： 清初四画僧中,“八大山人”指的是? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 八大山人(1626—1705),原名朱耷,又名朱道朗,号良月,八大山人是他晚年的文号.他是明太祖朱元璋第十六子宁王朱权的后裔.宁王改封南昌后,历代子孙世居南昌等地,共分八支,八大山人是弋阳王七世孙.其祖父朱多是一位诗人兼画家,山水画风多宗法二米,颇有名气.父亲朱谋觐,也擅长山水花鸟,名噪江右,可惜中年患暗疾去世,叔父朱谋,也是一位画家,著有《画史会要》.八大山人生长在宗室家庭,从小受到父辈的艺术陶冶,加发聪明好学,八岁时便能作诗,十一岁能画青山绿水,小时候还能悬腕写米家小楷.少年时曾参加乡里考试,录为生员.
辛雄17284455253问： 清初四画僧中,“八大山人”指的是? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答：[答案] 朱统銮,又名朱耷
辛雄17284455253问： 清初画坛“四僧”中,“八大山人”指的是? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 八大山人,指朱耷,本名朱由桵,晚年取八大山人号并一直用到去世.其于画作上署名时,常把“八大”和“山人”竖着连写.前二字又似“哭”字,又似“笑”字,而后二字则类似“之”字,哭之笑之即哭笑不得之意.他一生对明忠心耿耿,...
辛雄17284455253问： 八大山人指的是 - 八大山人是指谁!问一 问! ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 八大山人 原名朱耷(1626-1705),字雪个、号个山,后更号人屋、驴、个山驴、八大山人等,江西南昌人,是明朝皇帝朱元璋第十六子、江西宁献王朱权的第九代孙....
辛雄17284455253问： 请问清代的八大山人是指一位画家还是八位,是谁? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 八大山人,姓朱名耷,明末清初画家、书法家,清初画坛“四僧”之一.原为明朝王孙,明灭亡后,国毁家亡,心情悲愤,落发为僧,他一生对明忠心耿耿,以明朝遗民自居,...
辛雄17284455253问： 清初画坛“四僧”中,“八大山人”指的是? - ？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 八大山人,名朱耷,江西南昌人,为明宁献王朱权九世孙,清初画坛“四僧”之一. 明灭亡后,国毁家亡,朱耷心情悲愤,落发为僧,法名传綮,字刃庵.又用过雪个、个山、个山驴、驴屋、人屋、道朗等号,后又入青云谱为道. 通常称他为朱耷,但这个名字用的时间很短,晚年取八大山人号并一直用到去世.其于画作上署名时,常把“八大”和“山人”竖着连写.前二字又似“哭”字,又似“笑”字,而后二字则类似“之”字,哭之笑之即哭笑不得之意.
辛雄17284455253问： 请教一下 清代的“八大山人”是???？
省直辖县级行政单位脑血回答： 答:八大山人,清代著名画家,清初画坛“四僧”之一,八大山人是他名号之一.他生于1626 年,卒于1705年,为明朝皇族江宁献王朱权的后裔,是第九世孙.19岁时国破家亡,心情悲愤,便装哑扮傻,在门上贴个大哑字,不与人语.23岁在...
