有人读过英文版的青铜弓箭吗?(Bronze Bow) 能讲述一下主要概要吗,还有那些人物的性格分析
青铜弓箭:在这部获得纽伯瑞小说奖的小说中,男孩丹尼尔的生活只被一个激情所点燃:为他父亲的死复仇,让侵占他家乡以色列的罗马军团受到刑罚和苦难。他加入了一个非法的队伍,过着危险的生活,充满间谍活动和阴谋,不耐烦地等待着复仇。强壮的丹尼尔缺乏温柔和宽恕,一步步误入歧途走向灾难,直到他在拿撒勒听到耶稣的教诲。年轻的读者们不能错过这个永恒的故事。
这个网站有很全面的资料,除了亚历山大大帝还有其他很多历史人物呢,你看看吧。
Alexander the Great World conqueror
by Chris Whitten
World conqueror, 356 B.C. - 323 B.C.
I'm holding a handful of arrowheads that may have been shot from the bow of Alexander the Great.
OK, that's a bit of a fantasy. But it's not too unlikely that these came from Alexander's army. These arrowheads were unearthed in Macedonia and date to the 4th century B.C., the century when Alexander and his men conquered most of the known world.
Alexander is one of the most fascinating personalities in human history. Although he was the son of a king and inherited an empire that included most of the Greek city-states, Alexander's own conquests are what have made him admired, vilified, emulated, and studied for over two millennia.
Through the years, so many stories have been told and retold about Alexander the Great that he has become more like a character from Greek mythology than a real human being. This, I'm sure, would have made him very happy. Being a Greek hero was always his ambition.
[Click here or here for a more detailed timeline.
Click here for the route Alexander followed.]
Alexander's ambition
Growing up, Alexander was fascinated by Homer's Iliad. It was the character of Achilles -- the hero of the story and the exemplar of all manly virtues -- that especially attracted him.
[Alexander. Click here for a larger image. Glyptothek Munich, Germany.]
Sometime in his early formative years he decided to model himself after Achilles.
Emulating the famous hero was apparently encouraged by his teacher, the great philosopher Aristotle. According to the Roman historian Plutarch, Aristotle personally annotated a copy of the Iliad for Alexander. Alexander kept it with him throughout all his later travels, even sleeping with it under his pillow.
Alexander's mother, Olympias, clearly encouraged him. This woman couldn't have been more meddling and ambitious for Alexander if she herself were a scheming goddess on Mount Olympus. In fact, she may have consorted with the gods. Or, at least, that's the rumor she spread.
Olympias informed her son that he was actually a descendent of Achilles. And probably Hercules, too.
[Marble statue from Gabii Louvre, Paris, France. Click here for a larger image.]
And so, in keeping with his family tradition and the great expectations of his mother, Alexander looked for any opportunity to demonstrate his heroic strength and courage.
In one episode, his father -- Philip II of Macedonia -- was considering purchasing a magnificent black stallion. But the horse was too wild. Nobody believed it could be tamed. The 14-year-old Alexander decided he could do it. He leapt onto its back and started a 16-year relationship with the horse, which he named Bucephalas.
As the story goes, Philip was so proud of Alexander that he said to him: "My son, look thee out a kingdom equal to and worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little for thee."
Alexander inherits a kingdom
When Alexander was 16, Philip made him regent of Macedonia while he was off fighting the Persians. (Nominally at least, Philip's campaign was revenge for Xerxes' Persian invasion of Greece, some 150 years earlier.) While regent, Alexander crushed an uprising in Thrace.
When Alexander was 18, Philip left him in command of the left wing of the Macedonian army at the battle of Chaeronea. The battle was won, thanks in part to a courageous cavalry charge led by Alexander himself.
When Alexander was 20, Philip was assassinated. A guard plunged a spear into his chest. Some say it was a conspiracy orchestrated by Olympias.
And so, Alexander inherited a kingdom.
Alexander conquers his world
Inheriting a kingdom from his father didn't really please Alexander. What kind of hero gets everything given to him? This wouldn't satisfy Achilles or Hercules and it wouldn't satisfy him.
[Nationalmuseum in Naples. Click here for a larger image. See this page for a series of larger portraits.]
Alexander wanted to get started conquering ASAP.
He got his first opportunity almost immediately. Some of the Greek city-states saw the ascension of the 20-year-old Alexander as a chance to regain their independence from the foreign Macedonians. By the way, "foreign" is how the Greeks saw the Macedonians, not how the Macedonians saw themselves. To this day, there's still contention over whether Macedonians are Greeks.
Alexander took care of the little rebellion post-haste. To set an example, he completely razed the Greek city of Thebes in 335 B.C., killing most of the population -- including women and children -- and enslaving those few left alive. After that the Greeks were happily united behind Alexander and he could focus his attention on expanding the empire.
He immediately began pushing east, against the old enemy Persia -- which his father never succeeded in defeating.
After winning a battle for the city of Gordium, Alexander is said to have solved the famously tricky Gordian Knot. He sliced through the thing with his sword rather than fool around it. A legend supposedly foretold that whoever solved this puzzle would rule all of Asia.
Alexander rapidly moved on to destroy the city of Tyre ... push through Palestine, Syria, Iran, and Afghanistan ... and conquer Egypt (or, depending on your perspective, "liberate" Egypt from the Persians). In bloody battle after bloody battle the Persian Empire and most of the known world fell to the hero Alexander and his Macedonian war machine.
[Alexander's empire. Click here for a larger image.]
Alexandria, Virginia to Alexander Beach, Washington
For his greater glory, Alexander founded some 70 cities in the lands he conquered and ordered them named after himself. Most famous, of course, is Alexandria in Egypt. In India, when his beloved horse died, he ordered a city to be built named Bucephala.
In 11 years, from 335 B.C. to 324 B.C., Alexander and his army battled their way across 22,000 miles.
For perspective on that distance, think about traveling across America eight times, say, from Alexandria, Virginia to Alexander Beach, Washington. (Although Alexander did not conquer North America it's interesting to note that there are nearly two dozen cities and towns here named Alexander or Alexandria.)
For most of Alexander's army these miles were traveled on foot. There's speculation that some of the grueling miles weren't even necessary, except to confirm Alexander's status as a hero.
In 324 B.C., Alexander decided to march his army through the barren wasteland of the Gedrosian desert in present-day Iran. Some say he could have made this trip easy by sailing his troops through the Persian Gulf instead, but he decided to go through the desert as a challenge -- because no one had ever successfully brought an army through it.
[The Gedrosian desert. Click here for more background.]
Although the number is probably widely exaggerated, the Roman historian Arrian claimed that three quarters of Alexander's men died during this misadventure in the desert.
Son of Zeus
As I mentioned above, Olympias had told her son that he was a direct descendent of Achilles, on her side. Later she revealed to him something even more dramatic about his lineage. Philip was not his real father. Zeus was his father.
[The beautiful, scheming Olympias. From a medal. Click here for a larger image.]
Zeus, the king of the Greek gods, had come to Olympias in the form of a snake.
As a matter of fact, Philip did acknowledge that his wife would sometimes sleep with snakes in their bed. This may have been part of the reason for their estrangement. Around 336 B.C. Philip effectively "divorced" Olympias and fathered children without her. This was about the same time that Philip was assassinated and Alexander inherited his throne.
In 331 B.C., the Egyptian oracle at Siwa confirmed that Alexander was the son of the Zeus. Actually, the oracle confirmed that he was the son of Ammon, but Ammon is the Egyptian equivalent of Zeus in nearly as clear a way as Jupiter is his Roman equivalent.
Was Olympias schizophrenic? Was Alexander a crazed megalomaniac?
Maybe, but they did have a quite practical reason for claiming that Alexander was a god or demi-god, and may or may not have ever believed it themselves. It helped Alexander rule.
Alexander's divine reputation helped him keep his tenuous hold over the people in his vast and disparate empire. It was an early precursor to the European monarchs' claims about the divine right of kings.
Grief, ennui, and death
For Alexander, the beginning of the end came when his best friend Hephaestion died of a fever. Hephaestion had been his close companion since they were teenagers. Many scholars say that Alexander and Hephaestion were lovers.
Hephaestion's death was devastating to Alexander.
Plutarch writes:
At this misfortune, Alexander was so beyond all reason transported that, to express his sorrow, he immediately ordered the manes and tails of all his horses and mules to be cut .... The poor physician he crucified .... Then seeking to alleviate his grief in war, he set out, as it were, to a hunt and chase of men, for he fell upon the Cossaeans, and put the whole nation to the sword.
Since this seems a bit extreme, even for a best friend and lover, some historians have speculated that Alexander was imitating the extravagance of Achilles when he grieved over the death of his best friend and lover Patroklos.
According to the Iliad, to satisfy his heroic grief, Achilles supposedly killed Trojans by the hundreds, beheaded children, and dragged the body of Hektor, Patroklos's killer, around and around Patroklos's body for a week or two.
[Silver drachm featuring Alexander, minted after his death, ca. 310 B.C. Click here for a larger image.]
In the same year as Hephaestion's death, 324 B.C., Alexander's generals convinced him to withdraw from the action at the eastern frontier in order to consolidate his power back in Babylon, the capital of the empire.
This is not what Alexander wanted. He was supposed to be a hero. He had no interest in sitting on a throne administering to the business of an empire. He wanted to be on his horse, sword in hand, conquering new lands.
Alexander reluctantly spent the next year in Babylon, without Bucephalas, without Hephaestion, and without the action and glory of battle.
Perhaps the inertia ate away at his soul. Plutarch writes that Alexander "lost his spirits, and grew diffident of the protection and assistance of the gods, and suspicious of his friends."
Alexander drank heavily, and in a weakened state he caught a fever. After twelve days of suffering he died in Babylon at the age of 33.
Glory
[Alexander and Bucephalas. Click here for a larger image. Nationalmuseum in Naples.]
The Macedonian empire didn't live much longer than Alexander. After his death his kingdom was promptly carved up into three pieces by his generals.
And the Macedonian people have never seen much peace or freedom. They've been under the feet of ambitious conquerors from the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Turkish Empire. More recently, their country was carved up between the world wars and made a part of communist Yugoslavia.
But Alexander did win his glory. He fulfilled his ambition.
He is quoted as saying, "I would rather live a short life of glory than a long one of obscurity."
That's exactly what he got. 2,300 years later we remember him as a legendary, mythic figure.
下面附的网址里有很全的链接。
译文
这本书是一世纪犹太。主人公,一位年轻的犹太人,名叫丹尼尔,生活的同时找拿撒勒人耶稣。
丹尼尔的父亲是钉死在他面前,作为一个例子,罗马占领者(就像他的叔叔没有钱来支付税收),所以即使在八,他立刻讨厌和不信任罗马人,誓言,他将父亲的死报仇。他的母亲死于悲伤在她丈夫死后,和丹尼尔的妹妹,利亚是由这些创伤事件,被恶魔,从来没有离开房子。孩子们都被他们的祖母,但当她变得生病和糟糕的这些年来,她卖丹尼尔亚玛力人铁匠。丹尼尔逃脱他的残酷的主人,跑到山上,他发现接近死亡和拯救犹太新年,取缔群叛军的领袖,他总有一天超越罗马人的计划。他们采用丹尼尔到船员,丹尼尔开始新的生活在山里,试图忘记他的祖母和姐姐在村子里他留下。
几年后这些事件,丹尼尔遇见他的老朋友乔酒吧希斯仑和他的双胞胎妹妹Malthace,爬上了山的假期。乔想要加入犹太教的乐队,所以他承诺Rosh Capernum他将是一个间谍,他是移动的城市。
Rosh发送丹尼尔的使命去捕捉一个奴隶。船员的名字他参孙法官(圣经书中角色与巨大的力量)他的蛮力。参孙不会说他们的语言,但他认为丹尼尔是主人,跟着他。的西门,有一天,村里的丹尼尔的朋友,来告诉丹尼尔他的祖母正在消亡。他回到Ketzah村,看到了他的祖母。她去世后和丹尼尔负责利亚。之后,西蒙告诉丹尼尔,他将追随耶稣和树叶丹尼尔负责他的店,丹尼尔和利亚的举动。
既然他选择在铁匠店,不能生活在山里Rosh的船员,丹尼尔开始招募年轻男子在自己的反抗罗马人的年龄。他们决定在一个密码,就是大卫的歌:“他教导我的手争战,我的手臂可以弯曲的弓青铜。他们在一个废弃的观察塔外的村庄,慢慢开始在每次一点点。一天,罗什给乔一个任务:他是找出是谁扔来一个特殊的宴会特别从罗马公使馆。乔尔发现的名字和房子的仆人和奴隶,甚至宴会后,他继续这样做,将他能找到罗什的任何信息。但是很快,乔尔捕获。Rosh拒绝帮他免费,但以理和他的小乐队自由他自己设计一个计划。从悬崖的顶端,他们攻击的罗马人护送的囚犯,但攻击是严重错误的。他们只博得成功,因为参孙出现卷在攻击罗马人,然后加入战斗。男孩最终释放乔尔,但其中一人死亡,许多人受伤。战斗结束后,参孙被罗马人拖走,快死了。丹尼尔在反抗意识到,他们已经做错了的事情。而不是削弱罗马,他们削弱了自己。乔尔和丹尼尔知道耶稣是,也许,他们一直在等待的领袖。
一个年轻的罗马士兵名叫马库斯,丹尼尔恨谁,尽管(德国征服),与丹尼尔的妹妹。丹尼尔最终发现,进入盛怒之下。利亚,他似乎在这个过程中被治愈,落回完全被她拥有恶魔。
故事的结局与耶稣医治利亚从她的魔鬼,和丹尼尔,释放他的誓言,耶稣的爱展示给罗马士兵。丹尼尔邀请罗马到家中看到利亚。
这本书批评了一些犹太教和基督教团体和学者的敌意描绘犹太教人士当时,基督教的理想化版本,其历史错误。由一个主日学校的老师写的,它可以说是代表传教士文学和它的使用在课堂教学仍然是有争议的。
有人读过英文版的青铜弓箭吗?(Bronze Bow) 能讲述一下主要概要吗,还有...
Rosh拒绝帮他免费,但以理和他的小乐队自由他自己设计一个计划。从悬崖的顶端,他们攻击的罗马人护送的囚犯,但攻击是严重错误的。他们只博得成功,因为参孙出现卷在攻击罗马人,然后加入战斗。男孩最终释放乔尔,但其中一人死亡,许多人受伤。战斗结束后,参孙被罗马人拖走,快死了。丹尼尔在反抗意识到,他们已经做...
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青铜、白银、黄金、白金、钻石、最强王者 这些英文有没有人知道?
最强王者你们错了 青铜:Bronze 白银:Siver 黄金:Gold 白金:Platinum 钻石:Dimond 王者:Challenger
求《青铜葵花》每章内容简介。 要分别介绍
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乾腾镇咳: 回答:早开战类开局开始1精灵造英雄祭坛.4精灵采金造精灵.第一个精灵出来之后造月亮井然后月亮井和英雄祭坛同时完工英雄出恶魔猎人造出的第二个精灵采金第三个采木第4个造兵营.继续出精灵一直到木头到...
公主岭市19881646083: 奇迹世界战斗弓属性点怎么加 - ?
乾腾镇咳: 战斗最终加到170就可以了战斗:狙击1、金钟罩1、燃烧弹10、强力射击10、破坏炮10、法力燃烧10、震天动地8 \召唤:战神之力10 必须得加的被动技能:战斗就是拿大炮的 所以原力枪掌握10、精准特训10、回避特训1、射程特训10 加敏捷就是为了穿装备 如果装备穿上了 就加战斗 两项看着加
公主岭市19881646083: 传世问题:在线等答案? - ?
乾腾镇咳:挖宝就是用手挖 就像挖肉 挖树那样挖 但必须站到宝藏的坐标上. 以下是偶...
公主岭市19881646083: 暗黑2 1.11 亚马逊在哪里打装备比较好一点.还有亚马逊穿什么装备 - ?
乾腾镇咳: 一、先说说楼主的问题没有问清楚的地方. ①你只告诉了亚马逊,并没有告诉你玩的什么类型的亚马逊.亚马逊大致分为物理弓箭、元素弓箭、标枪和长矛四类,每种玩法主修侧重点不同.其中元素弓箭和长矛类属于比较困难的玩法,不建议....