英语倒装语法?谁可以帮我详细的讲解一下 个人比较混乱。例题举例更好!
首先我觉得这是一种语言习惯之间的差异。学英语的时候,应暂时放开母语的影响。倒装算是英语的一大特色吧!
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。
倒装句在中学英语教材中反复出现� 本文就中学生应掌握的有关倒装句的知识作了比较系统的归纳�
希望同学们能系统地掌握这方面的知识。
一般来说,倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的,有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、全部倒装
1.以here, there, now,
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:
Here comes the train!
There goes the bell!
注意:如果句子的主语是人称代词,则不能使用倒装结构。如:
Here it comes! / There it goes!
2.有些动词短语以副词out,in,up,down,away等结尾,构成不及物动词短语。这时,为了使句子更形象,常将这些副词提前到句首。这时,句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面,构成全部倒装。(注意,这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词,也不能使用倒装结构。)如:
Up went the rocket.
Up it went.
3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语,常将这个介词短语放在句首,构成全部倒装。注意,这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如:
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
4.表语置于句首,且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如:
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5.so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其倒装结构为“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。如:
She has finished her homework,so has her brother.
She hasn’t gone there, neither/nor has he.
但如果so表示强调, 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时,
其结构是“so+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词”,这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如:
She knows little English,so she does. 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。
二.部分倒装
1.用于疑问句中。如:
How did you do that?
Did you see the film yesterday?
2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略,应把were, had,
should提到主语前面。如:
If you had come yesterday, you would have seen him.
→Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式:
1) 副词置于句首。如:
Much as I like it (=Although I like it very much), I
will not buy it.
2) 动词原形置于句首。如�
Wait as you may(=Although you may wait), he will not
see you.
3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如:
Proud as the nobles are (=Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see me.
Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can
tell right from wrong.
注意:如果名词前有形容词修饰时,as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如:
A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a
bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not,hardly,no sooner, not until,
seldom,not once,at no time,never,little等) 置于句首时,
句子(主句)采用部分倒装。如:
Little do we know about him.
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep.
Seldom does he come back on Sundays.
Not until he came back did I know about it.
5.only修饰句子的状语(从句)位于句首时,句子(主句)要用部分倒装。如:
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only when a child grows up does he understand his
parents’ intentions.
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分,则无需倒装。如:
Only socialism can save China.
(only修饰的是句子的主语,故仍用正常语序。)
6.not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时,第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如:
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he
often helps others with their lessons.
7.so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词,常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时,主句要用倒装结构。如:
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.
→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.
He is so clever that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book.
→So clever is he that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book. (全部倒装)
当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下,我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面,这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。
倒装分两种:配合语法条例的倒装,叫“grammatical inversion”;配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。
语法上的倒装句是强制性的,包括下列 7 种:
⒈疑问句,如:
● Can you do it?
● How old are you?
● When did you know him?
● Why did you elect him as captain?
● Which of these apples do you prefer?
但疑问代词做主语时,不必倒置,如:
● Who is your English teacher?
● What happened last night?
⒉表示“愿望”的句子,如:
● May God bless you.
● Long live the king!
⒊“There”引导的句子,如:
● There are many cars on the road.
● There stand some big trees near the river.
● There is a security guard outside the bank.
⒋感叹句,如:
● How beautiful the flower is!
● What a smart boy you are!
⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子,如:
● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.
● She can't sing; neither can he.
● John has never been late; nor have I.
⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句,如:
● Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.
● Had you worked harder, you would have passed.
⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句,如:
● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.
● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.
谈过了语法上的倒装句,现在谈强调的倒装句。
● Never have I seen such a wicked man.
● On no account must this employee be removed.
● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.
● No sooner had I left than the rain came.
● Up jumped the puppy.
● In came John.
● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.
● Out came a woman and her maid.
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1.全部倒装
(1)用于以here,there,then,hence,thus,now等副词开头的以名词为主语,以be,come,go等为谓语的句子中。
e.g.Here is the book you want.这是你要的那本书
Now comes your turn.现在轮到你
(2)在there be的句子里,主谓全部倒装
e.g.There stands a high building by the river.河边屹立着一桩高大的建筑物
(3)在直接引语后注明该引语是什么人说的句子里,主语是名词时,常全部倒装。但主语是代词时,往往不用倒装。
e.g."How is your mother?"asked her friends.你的母亲好吗?他问道
"Whom are you looking for?"she asked.你找谁?他问。
(4)处于强调的目的,句子的状语,表语常被置于句首,这是句子常出现全部倒装。
e.g.Across the river lies a newly built bridge.一座新建的桥横跨这条河。
(5)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词,谓语动词为表示运动的或位置转移的不及物动词,通常全部倒装
e.g.Down came the rain.下起雨来
2.部分倒装
(1)将具有否定含义的副词或词组置于句首表示强调时,主谓语徐部分倒装。这类词常见的有:not,never,hardly,rarely
e.g.Not a single word have I written down.我一个字也没有写下来
(2)only+ 状语,so...that置于句首用于强调时,主句的主谓语需部分倒装
e.g.Only when capitalism has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty,unemployment and war.只有消除了资本主义才有可能消除贫困,失业,和战争
如果讲倒装,要讲几节课的,如果写下来,不是一句两句能写得下的,
我现在正在讲倒装,如果你有什么问题,最好是有针对性地问,应该能给你讲清楚。不要泛泛在问。
可以找下资料查查,其实倒装语句挺简单的,状语+谓语+主语
内容很细,建议你买本语法书啊。
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宛城区17781202495: 英语倒装句的用法请求详解 - ?
漫芳和信: 一、语法知识 按 “主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序.如果排列顺序变为”谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语” 就是倒装句. (1) 倒装句的类型 1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装. Then came Mary and George. Have you ...
宛城区17781202495: 谁能给解释一下英语语法中倒装谁能给详细解释一下英语语法中倒装语法,越详细越好,我给分很高啊. - ?
漫芳和信:[答案] 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有: 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run. There goes the bell. Then came ...
宛城区17781202495: 英语语法中倒装句的具体知识点. - ?
漫芳和信:[答案] 倒装 英语句子的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序.但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要,要把谓语动词放在主语前面,这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序.将谓语动词完全移至...
宛城区17781202495: 谁能帮我讲一下英语中的倒装语法? - ?
漫芳和信: 倒装结构也是英语考试中的常考语法现象,该结构分为全部倒装和部分倒装.所 谓全部倒装是指整个谓语部分放在主语前面;而部分倒装是指谓语的一部分(情态动词或助动词)放在主语之前. 考点一:表示地点、方向和时间的副词或者介词...
宛城区17781202495: 英语倒装句怎么用?什么时候用? - ?
漫芳和信:[答案] 英语句子表达的基本语序是“主语+谓语”.但在实际应用中,因语法结构的需要,或是为了强调,常把谓语移到主语之前,称为倒装. 英语的倒装结构有两种,其中较为常见的是部分倒装,即谓语的一部分移到主语之前. 如:Only when the war was ...
宛城区17781202495: 有哪位可以给我详细总结一下英语的倒装句语法? - ?
漫芳和信: 英语语法 倒装 在英语中,主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后.但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的部分或全部提到主语前面,这样的语序叫做“倒装“ 倒装的种类:部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词 全部倒装----...
宛城区17781202495: 英语怎样采用倒装句 - ?
漫芳和信:[答案] 英语倒装句的用法 倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子 成分的需要.英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构 加以颠倒. 倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装...
宛城区17781202495: 英语中的倒装句谁可以给我讲一下,详细一点?
漫芳和信: 倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分.倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装. 1 倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前.此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时.常见的结构有 ...
宛城区17781202495: 英语从句和倒装句结构和例子 - ?
漫芳和信:[答案] 英语倒装句用法浅析 倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要.英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒.倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装...