翻译一段英语,要求纯手工的,时态语态正确(汉译英)。句子不要都是很短的那种,最好有从句。
一、增译法
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:
①、What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true.
实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)
⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)
⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
二、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
三、转换法
指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。具体的说,就是在词性方面,把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词;把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词;把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面,把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语;把谓语变成主语、定语、表语;把定语变成状语、主语;把宾语变成主语。在句型方面,把并列句变成复合句,把复合句变成并列句,把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面,可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如:
①、我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。
Our instituteis co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government. (名词转动词)
②、Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.
孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)
③、由于我们实行了改革开放政策,我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。
Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensivenational strength has greatly improved. (动词转名词)
④、I’m all for you opinion.
我完全赞成你的意见。(介词转动词)
⑤、The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.
改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。(动词转名词)
⑥、In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.
作者在文章中,对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。(形容词转名词)
⑦、In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.
在有些欧洲国家里,人民享受最广泛的社会福利,如医疗保险等。(被动语态转主动语态)
⑧、时间不早了,我们回去吧!
We don’t have much time left. Let’s go back. (句型转换)
⑨、学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。
All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. (名词转副词)
四、拆句法和合并法
这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如:
①、Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.
同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。 (在主谓连接处拆译)
②、I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.
我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译)
③、This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account.
英联邦各国尤其如此,它们认为英国加入欧共体,将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。(在定语从句前拆译)
④、中国是个大国,百分之八十的人口从事农业,但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一,其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。
China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.(合译)
五、正译法和反译法
这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如:
①、在美国,人人都能买到枪。
In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)
In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)
②、你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)
This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)
③、他突然想到了一个新主意。
Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)
He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)
A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)
④、他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。
He still could not understand me. (正译)
Still he failed to understand me. (反译)
⑤、无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。
She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)
She is anything but a bright student. (反译)
⑥、Please withholdthe document for the time being.
请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)
请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)
六、倒置法
在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如:
①、At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.
此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置)
②、I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.
我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置)
③、改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置)
七、包孕法
这种方法多用于英译汉。所谓包孕是指在把英语长句译成汉语时,把英语后置成分按照汉语的正常语序放在中心词之前,使修饰成分在汉语句中形成前置包孕。但修饰成分不宜过长,否则会形成拖沓或造成汉语句子成分在连接上的纠葛。如:
①、You are the representative of a country and of a continent to which China feels particularly close.
您是一位来自于使中国倍感亲切的国家和大洲的代表。
②、What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences.
使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利。
八、插入法
指把难以处理的句子成分用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。这种方法主要用于笔译中。偶尔也用于口译中,即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分。
如:如果说宣布收回香港就会像夫人说的"带来灾难性的影响",那我们要勇敢地面对这个灾难,做出决策。
If the announcement of the recovery of Hong Kong would bring about, as Madam put it, "disastrous effects," we will face that disaster squarelyand make a new policy decision.
九、重组法
指在进行英译汉时,为了使译文流畅和更符合汉语叙事论理的习惯,在捋清英语长句的结构、弄懂英语原意的基础上,彻底摆脱原文语序和句子形式,对句子进行重新组合。
如:Decision must be made very rapidly; physical enduranceis tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事,而这一切对身体的耐力和思维能力都是一大考验。因此,一旦考虑成熟,决策者就应迅速做出决策。
十、综合法
是指单用某种翻译技巧无法译出时,着眼篇章,以逻辑分析为基础,同时使用转换法、倒置法、增译法、省译法、拆句法等多种翻译技巧的方法。
如:How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television program industry which is competitive in the world market, forward-looking and capable of radiatingthe influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?
欧洲联盟应该怎样做才能对欧洲的电影电视工业有所贡献,使它在国际市场上具有竞争能力,使它有能力发挥欧洲文化的影响,并且能够在欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢?
小题1:Believe it or not, geography also plays an important part/role in making dialects.小题2:I wonder/I want to know if you have any difficulty/trouble (in) communicating with the foreigners in English.小题3:Tom and Mary have been in love with each other for 3 years and they are getting along very well (with each other).小题4:In the 1990s,Chinese people make use of wider English than ever before. 小题5:Once my sister has made up her mind, we have to give in to her. 小题1:固定词组Believe it or not在句中作插入语.固定词组plays an important part/role in在…中起作用。小题2:固定词组have some difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难。小题3:固定词组be in love with sb与sb相爱;get along well with与…相处小题4:固定词组make use of利用。小题5:固定词组make up one’s mind下定决心;give in to sb向某人屈服。
Walking in the park 、doing taichias well as dancing are the perference of the old when they are free in this place .while the young choose to go to the cinema or entertainment place and so on .Children tend to go to Amusement park with the company of their parents .The phonomena is friendly ,and happy.不知道您是否是高中生,因为我也是经历过高中的,如果是,我还有一些补充。在 0o夏雨清风o0 的基础上修改的答案:
In this place, the aged love to play chess and Tai-Chi , or dance in the park; young people prefer to go to karaoke or cinema, or play board games; the children would like to enjoy themselves with their parents in amusement park.
The happiness of holiday pervails everywhere.
这个句子的并列比较多啦,所以句型都基本统一采用的是不定式。
个人意见,欢迎批评完善,谢谢!
In this region, different people have got different hobbies in their spare time: the aged would like to play chess and Tai-Chi , or to dance in the parks. The youth would like to enjoy thenselves in KTV and cinemae, or in playing Board Games. And the children would like to play usually at the funfairs with their parents.
In the area, the elders enjoy spending time in the park playing chess, doing Tai-Chi, or dancing. The younger people would go to KTVs, cinemas, or play pool. The kids often go to amusement parks with their parents. The holiday atmosphere is very rich and cheerful.
用英语翻译一段文字
like the design, like a different color, would like to grow up to become a designer. School fashion show to be held for Project Hope to raise some funds. I intend to design a set of clothes, short black leather jacket; blue jeans, cotton is, very comfortable to wear; ...
用英语翻译一段话
个人翻译,仅供参考。2 The difference between ways of cooking. Chinese diet has it special charm, the key is because it’s taste. Chinese cooking pay attention to harmony, which is the essential part of Chinese cooking art. The Western emphasis on scientific and nutritional of diet...
英语翻译一段话好吗?谢谢,有一句是英文的就不用翻的
Dear,Leon;How are you going on ? Is the weather ok ? Do believe me that you can definitely got the Oscar winner .My words may be of little importance ,but rhe reason is I love you which represents only my opinion.I want you to keep health,and go out for a trip ...
帮翻译一段句子,翻译成英语。谢谢了!!
Too bad world economy is already maintained the industry country typical automobile industry belt have entered the valley bottom, especially the automobile sells industry , has to be difficult to especially most very likely daily survival. Therefore, high tone marketing talented person is ...
用5句英语介绍北京,用英语描写北京的一段话带翻译
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帮忙把一段中文翻译成英语,要求语句通顺。
My English teacher told me, English is easier to learn than Japanese. I don't think so, because Japanese language has many similiarity than Chinese language. Many words in Japanese are originally from China. The reason that I will like Japanese language is because I like to watch...
英语翻译这一段话
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用英语翻译一段文字
Mistake area two, explode to fry the birds Xu4 Rou4's advantage many: The many people like quick fire to explode to fry food, think so work well of food color and luster the taste be all very good.But explode to fry in fact is 1 kind to very dirtily boil to make a ...
谁能帮我翻译一段中文为英文啊
Dear Sir\/Madam,Good afternoon!My name is xxx. I am from Nanchang, a beautiful city with an ancient history in Jiangxi.I graduated from Central South University in year 2006 with a major in Business English. When I was a freshman, I had a part time job in etiquette.I was...
英语翻译:将一段短文翻译成英语
Tang style fashion, is a new term emerged in recent years, it means the traditional Chinese-style clothing. In fact, the Tang Dynasty had existed fourteen hundred years ago, and Tang style fashion isn't the fashion style of person at that time. Tang style fashion is just a ...
诸柳瑞素: “纯手工制作”用英语表达为: ①handmade 例句: Paper-cuts are all handmade and their main color is red as well as multicolor and some other colors. 纯手工制作,红色是剪纸的主要颜色,也有多色和其它颜色的剪纸. ②be handcrafted 例句...
措勤县15283626506: 请告诉我我还要等待多长时间 - ------这句话怎么翻译成英语? 要纯手工制作的,谢绝机器人. 谢谢! - ?
诸柳瑞素: 你好,翻译:please tell me how long i have to wait?手工制作,真诚专业回答你的问题,希望我的回答对你有帮助,祝好!
措勤县15283626506: 要纯手工的We decided ( )at that time当时我们决定等下一趟公汽的英文翻译?
诸柳瑞素: We decided ( to wait for the next bus ) at that time.
措勤县15283626506: 中文翻译成英语 剪纸是一种纯手工的活动,非常需要想象力. - ?
诸柳瑞素: Paper cutting is a kind of pure manual activity, and it is very necessary for imagination.剪纸是一种纯手工的活动,非常需要想象力.
措勤县15283626506: 急求英语翻译,一小段话(最好是手工翻译)?
诸柳瑞素:We plan to establish at least 15 subsidiaries in 2018 and the annual revenue could surpass 200million yuan. The profit rate could reach 25% and the profit would counts up to 50million yuan. The brand image and the effect of catenation would ...
措勤县15283626506: 人工翻译一段英语 - ?
诸柳瑞素: 它们住在我们的花园里.它们有个池塘可以游泳,而且非常开心的和我的四只狗,三只兔子分享我的花园.它们喜欢在花园里跑和在池塘中游泳
措勤县15283626506: 还有一篇汉译英求翻译(其实是很没营养的一段对话): - ?
诸柳瑞素: A: do you like pets? B: yes, but I am afraid I can not keep it A: Why ? Since you like, why not keep it? B: there are too many reasons, I'm very b...
措勤县15283626506: 英语翻译宫崎骏的电影用纯手工绘画,以澄澈的眼光,孩童的角度,用纯洁简单的方式,勾勒出一幅一幅心灵震撼的感人画面,塑造出一个个生动活泼的形象.... - ?
诸柳瑞素:[答案] Miyazaki Hayao's cartoon film were totally handmade with the clear views and children's perspective and concisely draw the impressive pictures and lively images.his film is simple yet fanciful
措勤县15283626506: 求英语高人帮忙翻译一段英语段落,非常感谢要手工的哦 - ?
诸柳瑞素: 问题来到一头社会的出版物.文章的诉讼程序由教师从它开始,一些高质量的,但在精神的研究缪尔.TheMathematical钞票曾被添加到提供一个发布新方法证明现有的成果,短研究笔记等.1927年麦克罗伯特提议扩大到爱丁堡杂志的数学社会,教师发表文章兴趣,历史的文章等等.的战役命名委员会周期是四年,麦克罗伯特基本上赢得了当天的除了它一定是他明白他他不会赢得冠军的杂志.厌倦了委员会的紧张关系在他辞职.
措勤县15283626506: 谁能帮着把下面几句话译成英语?2.纯手工制作.3.会给您带来吉祥,一定会让你走好运的!4.请你保留一双吧!5.才二十元,很便宜,值得一买!6.已经被其... - ?
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