简略地介绍下英语当中 “什么情况要用全部倒装 什么情况部分下倒装”？

英语中什么情况时应该部分倒装？ 具体点~

引起倒装的情况多种多样，倒装的表现形式大体有下列几种： 1．在疑问句中 例1：How are you getting along with your work? 注：如疑问词作主语或者作定语修饰主语时，不发生倒装。 2．在there be 及其类似结构中 例1：There are forty students in our class. 3．在表示祝愿的句子中 例1：Long live the People’s Republic of China! 4．在省略if 的虚拟语气条件状语从句中 这类句子中有were, had, should等词时，把were, had或should置于句首。 例1：Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 5．在so, nor, neither或no more开头的句子中 此类句子通常表示前面一句话中的谓语所说明的情况，也适用于另一句中的主语。例如： 1）This problem is not difficult and neither is that one. 2）Coal is under the ground in some places, and so is oil. 6．在以具有否定意义的副词、连词及词组开头的句子中 这些词和词组通常有：rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。例如： 1）Visit our stores. Nowhere else will you find such magnificent bargains. 7．在强调表语时 例1：Worst of all were the humiliations. 例2：Such is the case. 8．在强调宾语时 例1：Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction.注：当前置宾语由“not a +名词”或者“not a single +名词”构成时，也会引起倒装。例如： Not a day did she spend without having some unpleasantness with waiters in the hotel. 9．在强调状语时 （1）当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go, come等表示位置转移的动词时句子须倒装。例如： 1）Up went the plane. 注：如果主语是代词则不发生倒装。例如： 1）Out they rushed! (2) 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如： 1）Round the corner walked a large policeman.（3）当句首状语由“only +副词”，“only +介词词组”，“only +状语从句”构成时，句子须倒装。例如： 1）Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. （4）当句首状语为here, there, now, then等时，句子须倒装，主语是代词时，句子不用倒装。例如： 1）Here is a ticket for you.（5）以关联词so (…that)开头的句子中，句子须倒装。例如： 1）So small was the mark that I could hardly see it. 注：在该结构中，“so +形容词”是表语的前置；“so +副词”是状语的前置。 10．在直接引语之后 在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary, answered John, said the old lady, grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常的主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。例如： 1）“What do you mean?” asked Henry. 11. often, many a time等表示频度的状语置于句首时 例如：Often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance. 12．在as, though引导的让步状语从句中 在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，一般将形容词、副词或名词等置于句首。例如： 1）Small as the atom is, we can smash it.

关于倒装句

英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语 序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full invention）；而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial invention）。现笔者对中学英语教学中有关的 一些倒装句子进行探讨，并对其中相关的一些句子加以比较。
一、完全倒装
(1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。
1.Here hung a picture of enormous size, painted by Tintoretto,(Shaw)
2.There goes the bell.
3.Now comes your turn.
4.Then followed three days of heavy rain.
(2)在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain等)句型中。
1.There are at least thousands of people in the square.
2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.
(3)在象声词或以out、in、up、down、away等副词开头的句子里。
1.Click.click went the weaving room.
2.Crackle.crackle, crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened.
3.Following the root, out rushed a big tiger from among the bushes.
4.Higher and higher flew the plane, and at last it disappeared in the clouds.
(4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。
1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.
2.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
3.East of the lake lie two towns.
4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.
在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。
1.In he came and back he went again.
二、部分倒装
(1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组成状语从句时。
1.only then did he find it important to get along with others.
2.Only in this way can we make great progress.
3.Only after he came back were you able to see him.
以关联连词not only...but also开首的句子或者分句也是如此。
Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts.
于句首的only，（包括连词not only...but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引起倒装。
Only a sound body can house a sound mind.
不过请注意下面句子：
Only five of them did I see in the office.
(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, hardly, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,...then, hardly...when,...no...等。
1.Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture.
2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
4.At no time have I said such a thing.
5.Not a finger did I lay on him.
6.To few people does such an opportunity occur.
但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消，此 时则不需要倒装。
1.Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced.
2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything.
3.Not infrequently they go abroad.
(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。
1.Should I be free this afternoon. I will come and help you with your lesson.
2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job.
3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk withal on board.
我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’t is... 或者hadn’t it been.. .因此下列句子应视为病句。
Weren’t it for his wife’s money, he’d never be a director.
(4)在So ...that, to such...that 或者in such ...that的句型中。
1.So beautifully did they dance that the tall white Lillie peeped in at the window .(Oscar Wilde)
2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walkabout.
3.in such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down.
(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。
I trusted him completely. So would anyone who know him.
在So it is (was)wither 的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或 者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。
1.Jack studies German, but he doesn’t study French. So it is with Jim.
2.“It’s going to be a cold winter.”
“Yes, So the newspaper says.”
3.Li Ping studies hard So he does.
因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。
You say Tom went to the ball yesterday, So he did, and so did I.
(6)当neither or位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时 候。
1.“I didn’t mean what I said, you know.”
“Neither(Nor)did I”.
2.I don’t know. Neither(Nor) do I care.
注意Neither nor的特殊用法。
1.Just as I haven’t good eyes, so neither has my son, neither have my children.(当just as...,s o...用于否定句时，只用neither.)
2.If he doesn’t go, neither will I. （在if条件句后用来引起一个主句时，只能用 Neither.）
3.You can’t do it, nor can I, nor can anybody else.（连续多次否定，常用nor）。
(7)当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒装。
1.Well do I remember the day that I saw a tremble accident on that road.
2.Mary a time bas he given me good advice.
(8)有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重脚轻之感。
1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society.
2.Such are the rewards that always crown virtue,(Shakespeare)
在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有系动词be，则这类句子应属于全倒装。
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it .
回答者：pigkiller23 - 经理 四级 8-9 15:45

英语倒装句的几种情况
1. “某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。
Out rushed the boy .
Down came the brown wave .
2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。
West of the lake lies the famous city .
3. There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。
There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .
There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle .
4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。
“Let’s go ! ”said the captain .
“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .
5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people .
6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。
I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she .
我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。
So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word .
听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。
7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。
Li Lei can’t answer the question . Neither can I .
If you don’t wait for him , nor shall I .
8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。
Only in this way can we get in touch with them .
Only because he was ill was he absent from school .
注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。
Only Mr Wang knows about it .
9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等。
Little did I think he is a spy .
我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。
Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .
10. 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。
Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem .
Were there no light , we could see nothing .
11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。
May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live the People’s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!

A. 在疑问句中

各种疑问句一般地说都是倒装语序。例如：

Will they come to see us this weekend ? 这个周末他们将来看我们吗？
B. 在感叹句中

某些感叹句也用倒装语序。例如：

Isn't it a beautiful garden ! 多么美丽的花园啊！
C. 在陈述句中

陈述句在一般情况下用自然语序；但由于英语语法的某些原因，陈述句也要使用倒装语序。这些原因大致可以归纳如下：

1) 为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用"so + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"或"neither / nor + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语"的倒装句式。其中第一个句式表示"与前面所述的肯定情况相同"， 第二个句式表示"与前面所述的否定情况相同"。例如：

His brother is a college student; so is mine.

他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。

His brother is not a college student; nor is min .

他弟弟不是大学生，我弟弟也不是。
2）具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时（除否定词修饰主语外），句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner … (than), hardly … (when), not only … (but also), not until… ,等。例如：

Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door .

她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。

Not until twelve o'clock did he go to bed last night .

他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
3）当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。例如：

Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.

只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。
4）当there, here, then, now等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：

Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。

Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来了。

5) 当out, in, away, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时，句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：

Bang goes my ace.我砰地一下打出了"爱司"。

Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。

Suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face.

突然进来一个蒙着面具的人。

6) 其他情况还有：省略了if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句，等等也要用倒装句式。例如：（省略了if的虚拟条件句）

Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so successfully.

如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。

7) 由于修辞或是平衡句子的原因也可以用倒装句；也可以不用。这不是一条必须的规定。

Next to this one is another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated .

这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。

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