虚拟语气的用法以及记忆诀窍

英语虚拟语气怎么记忆,学习?~

虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：
1．名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形
2．条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句
3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest）

一．三种基本形态（1）
表虚拟的时间 if从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
现在： did / were would (should, might, could)+do
过去： had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)
将来： were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do

三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）
与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.
与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.
与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.
If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.

二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）
Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.
Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.
Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.

三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）
(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)
If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)
If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）



3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。

It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。

What would I have done without you?
But for their help, I would not have finished the task.
But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.
Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.

五、跳层虚拟句（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；but前句用虚拟而or/otherwise后句用虚拟） (but)
He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反)
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反)

六、名词从句虚拟语气
(1) ask, advise, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, require, recommend, request, suggest, urge等表示命令、要求、建议等含义的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形, eg. I suggest / suggested that we (should) go tomorrow.名词从句虚拟语气
(2) It is +(形容词/过去分词/特定名词)+that的从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇。形容词：astonishing, amazing, advisable, appropriate, crucial, desirable, essential, important, imperative, keen, necessary, natural, normal, odd, proper, preferable, strange, sorry, shocked, surprising, urgent, unusual, vital等。名词从句虚拟语气
(3) 过去分词：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, requested, recommended, suggested等;名词：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order等

七、其它虚拟语气
Wish…
I wish I knew the answer.(与现在事实相反)
I wish I had known the answer. (与过去事实相反)
I wish you would shut up. (与将来事实相反)

If only…
If only I were taller. (与现在事实相反)
If only he had followed your advice! (与过去事实相反)
If only the rain would stop. (与将来事实相反)

It is (high/about) time…
It is time you thought about your future.

would rather…
I would rather you didn’t speak rudely to her. (与现在事实相反)
I’d rather you hadn’t spoken rudely to her. (与过去事实相反)

Lest…, in case…, for fear that…（引导的是目的状语从句，但可归入第六点(名词从句虚拟)，这是因它们答案特征相同，即 (should)+动词原形。eg.
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.

大学英语虚拟语气考题总结:答案的特征
1.(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及lest.
2. 一般过去时：wish/If only…/would rather/It’s time (high/about) that….
3.基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气）,特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟)
4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式(Had/Were/Should)提前大写，if省去；
5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气)
虚拟语气在四级考试中是一个必考的考点。其中，最常考的是它在宾语从句中的用法。一些表示主观判断、推测、建议、命令和要求的动词通常引起虚拟的宾语从句，此类动词后的宾语从句中采用should ＋do（其中 should可以省略）的虚拟语气形式。该类动词包括：

（1）高中词汇：advise（劝告）、ask（要求）、decide（决定）、insist（坚持）、order（命令）、suggest（建议）等。

（2）四级常考词汇：command（命令）、demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、prefer（宁愿）、propose（提议）、recommend（劝告）、require（要求）等。

（3）其他词汇：consent（同意）、maintain（主张）、move（提议）、urge（极力主张）、vote（提议）等。

例句：I recommend that you be diligent if you want to pass the exam．如果你们想考试及格，我劝你们勤奋学习。

特别提示：在复习时，可以把相似用法归类记忆。当一个动词后面的宾语从句中应使用（should）＋do的虚拟语气形式时，则可推理出用法相同的以下一组从句（以动词advise为例）：

（1）I advise that we stay and wait here．（动词后的宾语从句）

（2）It is advised that we stay here．（It is ＋动词的过去分词＋that引导的主语从句）

（3）It is advisable that we stay here．（It is ＋由该动词派生的形容词＋that引导的主语从句）

（4）My advice is that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的表语从句）

（5）I offered the advice that we stay here．（由该动词转换的名词后面的同位语从句）

（6）I think it advisable that we stay here．（由该动词转换的形容词作宾语补足语，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气）

以上六类从句中谓语动词都使用了should ＋do的虚拟语气形式，其中，should可以省略。

由上类动词派生的常考名词有：advice（忠告）、deciion（决定）、demand（要求）、desire（渴望）、order（命令）、 preference（偏爱）、proposal（建议）、recommendation（劝告）、requirement（要求）、suggestion（建议）等。

相关的形容词或过去分词有：advisable（合理的）、 desired（期望的）、desirable（合乎需要的）、insistent（坚持的）、ordered（命令的）、preferable（更可取的）、proposed（建议的）、required（要求的）、urgent（紧迫的）等。

例句：His proposal is that we turn off TV for half an hour every day．（表语从句）他建议我们每天少看半个小时的电视。

It is highly desirable that a new president be appointed for this college．（主语从句）急需为这所大学任命一位新校长。

一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实

二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊形式来表现. 这些特殊形式与谓语动词的某些时态相同, 但它们只表示语气, 而不表示时态, 但含有一定的时间概念

虚拟语气的用法

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

b. May you succeed.

c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为真实条件句)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形 (should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.

b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.

c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.

e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用had done形式, 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might + have done的形式

a. If she had invited me yesterday, I should have gone to the party.

b. I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s exam.

c. If you had taken the teacher’s advice, you would not have failed in the exam.

3.表示与将来事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语形式是: ①.完全动词过去式 (be的过去式通常用were); ②.should +动词原形; ③.were to do. 其中②, ③种情况都含有出乎意料之外之意; 主句的谓语的形式是: should / would / could / might +动词原形

a. If she should invite me tomorrow, I should go to the party.

b. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

c. If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him.

d. I might come back if I were to miss the train.

三.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用法的几个变体:

1.条件从句省略if: 在书面语中, 如果条件从句中的谓语中有were, had, should等词, 可将if省略, 而把were, had, should放在句首

a. Were I you (=If I were you ), I would get up early very early.

b. Had you arrived (=If you had arrived ) at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.

2.省略条件从句或主句, 省略部分的含义仍有所体现. 省略主句时, 表示己不能实现的愿望

a. You could have done it yourself (if you had wanted to).

b. I wouldn’t smoke (if I were you).

c. If my old friends were with me! (要是老朋友和我在一起该多好啊)

d. If you could have seen the wonderful film!

3.主从句时间不一致时, 主从句谓语动词的形式取决于要表示的具体时间

a. You would speak English well if you had practised speaking it every day.

b. If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

4.假设的条件不以条件从句, 而以其他方式如介词短语、从句等表达出来, 这种句子称为含蓄条件句

a. What would you do with a million dollars?

b. Without music, the world would be a dull place.

c. We could have done better with more money.

d. He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.

四.虚拟语气在as if / though从句中的用法:

1.表示与现在事实相反或对相在情况有所怀疑, as if / though从句谓语用过去式

a. He speaks English so well as if she had studied English in England.

b. She looked as if she were ill.

2.表示与过去事实相反的情况, as if / though从句谓语用过去完成式

a. The machines operated as if it had been repaired.

五.虚拟语气在含even if / though从句的复合句中的用法:

在此类复合句中, 若表示与事实相反, 可用虚拟语气形式. 主从句的谓语动词形式与非真实条件句相同

a. Even if I were rich, I would work.

六.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法:

如果表示说话人的看法, 想法或意见, 在句型 It is / was + adj. + that从句中, 主语从句中可用虚拟语气. 主语从句中谓语动词用should do表示现在或将来情况, 用should have done表示过去情况

a. It is necessary that you should clean the lab before you left.

b. It is important that you should take the doctor’s advice.

c. It was very strange that he should have left without say goodbye.

七.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法:

1.在wish的宾语从句中, 通常表示不可能实现或没有实现的愿望, 常用虚拟语气

①.wish的宾语从句用过去式, 表示现在或将来没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. I wish I knew the result of the match now.

b. I wish it were spring here all the year round.

c. I wish I could help you.

d. I wish I were young.

②.wish的宾语从句用过去完成式, 表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望

a. We wish we had got the film tickets last night.

b. I wish you I had met him yesterday.

③.wish的宾语从句若用would, 则一般表示请求, 对现状不满或希望未来有所改变

a. I wish the prices would come down.

b. I wish you would help me.

c. I wish he would be more careful.

d. We wish you would spend the holiday with us.

2.在动词suggest (建议), advise (建议), demand (要求), require (要求), order (命令), insist (坚持)后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词常用( should )+动词原形的虚拟语气形式

a. I suggested that we should go there at once.

b. I demand that he should answer me at once.

c. The doctor insisted that the patient should stay in bed for two weeks.

d. The officer ordered that the soldiers should stop playing.

与名词suggestion建议 / advice 建议 / demand要求 / request要求 / order命令有关的从句(包括同位语从句和表语从句等)中的谓语也用 ( should ) +动词原形

a. The black people made a strong demand that the government ( should ) take steps to change the unfair situation.

b. Their demand is that the government should take steps to change the unfair situation.

c. I was Bill’s suggestion that everybody should have a map.

d. His suggestion was that everybody should have a map.

八.虚拟语气用在句型: It is time that(该做某事了)中: that从句中的谓语动词用过去式

a. It is time we got up.

九.虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中: 表示但愿, 要是就好了, 其中谓语形式与wish的宾语从句相同

a. If only he didn’t drive so fast! ( =I wish he didn’t drive so fast.)

b. If only he had taken the doctor’s advice. ( =I wish he had taken the doctor’s advice.)

c. If only the rain would stop! ( =I wish the rain would stop.)

十.虚拟语气用在would rather / prefer后的that从句中: 表示现在或将来情况谓语动词用过去时形式, 表示过去情况动词用过去完成时形式

a. I would rather he came next Saturday.

b. I would prefer you had seen the film yesterday.

c. I would rather that he painted the house blue

习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 　　
① 提出请求或邀请。eg： 　　Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 　　
今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？ 　　
Could I use your bike now? 　　
我可以用一下你的单车吗？ 　　
② 陈述自己的观点或看法。eg： 　　I should glad to meet you. 　　
见到你我会很高兴。 　　
I would try my best to help you. 　　
我会尽力帮助你。 　　
③提出劝告或建议。
eg： 　　You'd better ask your father first. 　　
你最好先问一问你的父亲。 　　You should make a full investigation of it first. 　　
你应该先全面调查一番。 　　
④ 提出问题。eg： 　　Do you think he could get here on time 　　
你认为他能按时来吗？ 　　
Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 　　
你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？ 　　
⑤表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：情态动词 + have done。 　　eg： 　　You should have got here earlier. 你早该到这里了。 　　
You should have returned it to him. 你早该把它还给他了。

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