虚拟语气的用法和表示？？

虚拟语气有哪些形式？用法是什么？~

虚拟语气的用法及形式：
一、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were）
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
二、表示与过去事实相反的情况：
从句：If 主语+had+done
主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done三、表示对将来情况的主观推测：　　
主句：主语+should+do　
从句：①if+主语+were to do
②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were四、 有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。五、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。六、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…等。　　
七、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

扩展资料虚拟语气种类：

1、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。

2、祈使语：表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。

3、虚拟语气：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。　　
参考资料：百度百科-虚拟语气

虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示高考资源网说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型： 条件从句主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a.同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句主句
一般过去时should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句主句
过去完成时should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c.表示对将来的假想
句型：条件从句 主句
一般过去时should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is(2)importantthat…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity,a shame,no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
（错）You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错)I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对)I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

一．条件从句虚拟语气的运用

与过去事实相反 条件从句谓语用 had done
主句谓语用 might/would/should/could/+have done
If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final test.

与现在事实相反 条件从句谓语用一般过去式(be动词多were)、did
主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形
If I were ten years younger,I would start all over again.

与将来事实相反 条件从句谓语用 ①一般过去式（was were did）
②Should do ,were to do
主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形
If I should see/were to see/saw him tomorrow,I would invite him home.(事实是明天我见不到他)
*
1.if条件句中如果有were/should/had,可以省略If，并使用倒装语序。
e.g If I were you＝Were I you
If he had been there=Had he been there

2.对过去事实虚拟时，表示“如果当时有可能或能够”时
条件从句用：could have done

二．含蓄条件句常用介词短语：
otherwise，or, the case, with, without, but for(要不是因为)
e.g But for your advice,I would have failed. (=If you hadn’t given me advice,I would have failed.) 如果不是你的建议，我会失败的。

三．特殊句型 1.If only +主语+did/were 现在
had done 过去
did/were/could do 将来 （ 要是…就好了）

2.Wish+宾语从句，要是……就好了
① 现在不能实现：从句用一般过去时
② 将来不能实现：从句would/could/might/+V，不用should
③ 过去不能实现：从句had+过去分词或could/should/would+have done

I wish I were ten years younger.（现在的虚拟）
但愿我能年轻十岁。
I wish I could fly to the moon some day(将来的虚拟)
如果有一天我能飞到月球就好了。
I wish you had come to the lecture(过去的虚拟)
但愿你当时来听报告了。

3.would rather句型的虚拟语气
would rather+主语+过去时（与现在相反的事实）
过去完成时（与过去相反）
Eg：I’d rather we had a rest now. 我希望我们现在休息一下。

4 as if/though引导的表语从句/状语从句中的虚拟语气。

as if/though+主语+过去时/过去完成时/would/could/might+do
Eg：①表语从句：The girl is giving us a vivid description of the moon it seems as if she had been to the moon many times.(事实上并未去过)
这个女孩对月球所做的逼真的描述就好像她去过月球多次似的。

②状语从句：The young man with long hair walks as if he were/was a girl.（他不是小姑娘）
留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。

5定语从句中的虚拟语气：（重点！）
It is (high /about) time +主语+过去时/should+V(should不能省)
Eg：It is high time we went to school. 我们早该上学了。

四.建议要求命令型:表示此类型动词后接从句用（should）+do
Eg：My father suggests I (should) take enough sleep before examinations.

Attention:
当insist、suggest不表示建议要求时从句不用虚拟。
如：She insisted that she was right.(坚持认为)
His uncle insists that he should not in the hotel.(坚持要求)

五.It is was+ important/nessary/essential/impossible/natural/strange/suprising,etc.
+that+(should)+动词原型
Eg It is surprising /strange that you (should)not understand me!你竟然不理解我！

（辛苦整理出来自己的笔记，也算全面的了）

http://baike.baidu.com/view/26751.html?wtp=tt
去看吧，很详细。

if+would
if i were you
......

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