英语的名词性从句分为哪几种?各自有什么注意点?

作者&投稿:亓扶 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
英语名词性从句有哪些?包含那些从句?可以仔细讲解吗?~

名词性从句就是指从句在句子中起到一个名词的作用,包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。具体讲解如下:1 引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
   连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
   连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
        whose, which.
   连接副词:when, where, how, why
   不可省略的连词:
    1. 介词后的连词
    2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
     That she was chosen made us very happy.
     We heard the news that our team had won.
 比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
   Whether he will come is not clear.


  大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
  It is not important who will go.
  It is still unknown which team will win the match.

2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
  主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck.  他还活着全靠运气。
  宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
  表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.   事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
  同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
       近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
  形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
       你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
  It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
  It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
  
  用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
  a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
   It is necessary that…    有必要……
   It is important that…    重要的是……
   It is obvious that…     很明显……


  b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
   It is believed that…     人们相信……
   It is known to all that…   从所周知……
   It has been decided that…   已决定……


  c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
   It is common knowledge that…  ……是常识
   It is a surprise that…   令人惊奇的是……
   It is a fact that…     事实是……


  d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
   It appears that…      似乎……
   It happens that…      碰巧……
   It occurred to me that…   我突然想起……

3 名词性wh-从句

1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:

主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。

直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。

间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。

表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。

宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位语:  I have no idea when he will return. 
我不知道他什么时候回来。

形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.  我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。

介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 
那取决于我们去哪儿。

2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
 It is not yet decided who will do that job. 
 还没决定谁做这项工作。
 It remains unknown when they are going to get married.  他们何时结婚依然不明。

4 if, whether引导的名词从句

1)yes-no型疑问从句
  从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
 主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。


 宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。


 表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。


 同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。


 形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.  她怀疑我们是否能够前来。


 介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.  我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2)选择性疑问从句
  选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
  Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
  I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

5 否定转移

1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
  I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
  I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
  I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
  It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
  看来他们不知道往哪去。
  It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
  看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
  I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 
  我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
  It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
  在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
  The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。


  He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。


 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。

词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样。

一.主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is +名词+从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is +形容词+从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is +不及物动词+从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it +过去分词+从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二.宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语

例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:

I don’t think this dress fits you well.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)

三.表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四.同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)

你好,很高兴为你解答。
名词从句大体分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1.
主语从句:
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。
【注意】:that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
2.
宾语从句

引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
【注意】由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
3.表语从句:
其基本结构为:主语
+
系动词
+
that从句。
4.
同位语从句:
说明其前面的名词的具体内容,同位语从句通常由that引导。

注意】:同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;
that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I
had
no
idea
that
you
wanted
this
job.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have
you
got
the
idea(that)the
book
gives
you
?
(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
望采纳,祝开心~!!!


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名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。[编辑本段]一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连词:that(无任何词意) whether,if(均表示“...

英语从句
that是引导词。he told us是定语从句,修饰the news 。The news 不是句子,除定语从句外没有谓语,缺谓语,不缺宾语。名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。它不包括定语从句,和它没关系。

名词性从句具体分为哪些从句,定语从句、状语从句,详细介绍一下_百度...
名词性从句就是要名词性质,就是要做名词成分。比如主语从句,即整个句子做主语,比如:What I want to say is that you are right。“What I want to say”整个做主语。再比如定语从句,即整个句子做定语,定语就是限定修饰别人的句子,比如“I like the girl who are standing here ” 后面“...

定语从句与名词性从句的区别?
定语从句不是名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句。主语从句:what he said is ture.这个句子中what引导的从句相当于一个名词“他说的话”。然而定语从句从汉语翻译就可以看出“……的,……样的”相当于一个修饰名词的形容词,故不是充当名词的名词性从句。若想判断就...

蓬莱市17040112860: 英语的名词性从句分为哪几种?各自有什么注意点? -
夔蒲肿节:[答案] 很高兴为你解答.名词从句大体分为四大类:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.1.主语从句:作句子主语的从句叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以...

蓬莱市17040112860: 名词性从句分为哪四种,分别构成的特点. -
夔蒲肿节: 词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句.主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导....

蓬莱市17040112860: 名词性从句有哪几种?如果区别? -
夔蒲肿节: 按种类分有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句. 按形式分:that从句、whether从句、疑问词从句. that用于引导陈述句转化的从句. whether用于引导一般疑问转化的从句. 疑问词(when where what why how)用于引导特殊疑问句转化的从句. 这些从句可以在句子中充当主语、宾语或表语等成分.

蓬莱市17040112860: 名词性从句具体分为哪些从句,定语从句、状语从句,详细介绍一下 -
夔蒲肿节: 既然是“名词性”从句,你想想看怎么可能是定语和状语?既然是名词性,自然是主语、宾语、表语从句,包括充当同位语和介宾结构中的宾语.

蓬莱市17040112860: 谁能帮我总结一下英语中的名词性从句的类型,比如那个能用if而那些不能用,谢谢啊! -
夔蒲肿节: 名词性从句分为主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句.if只有在动词后的宾语从句中引导从句,其它情况用whether.I don't know if /whether he will come today.=I have no idea iwhether he will come today.His success depends on whether he will work hard.Whether we will go out for a walk depends on the weather.

蓬莱市17040112860: 谁知道英语从句的类型及其各自的用法急 -
夔蒲肿节:[答案] 名词性从句分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制型定语从句.状语从句分为:时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步,比较,方式状语从句.从句知识太多了,一句两句真的说不清.

蓬莱市17040112860: 英语:从句有几种?分别是什么? -
夔蒲肿节:[答案] 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样. 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾. 1. It ...

蓬莱市17040112860: 英语中的从句分为多少种?都有哪几种?具体有什么特点就不用解释了,简单易懂就好 -
夔蒲肿节:[答案] 那要看你怎么分了.刚刚看你的很多种,其实其中的主语从句、宾语从句,表语从句 、同位语从句这4种统称为名词性从句,因为作用相当于名词.好了,总的说来,就是1定语从句(也叫关系从句),2状语从句,3名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句,...

蓬莱市17040112860: 高中英语中什么是名词性从句?各分几类? -
夔蒲肿节: 分类名词分为专有名词和普通名词专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称.China 中国 Asia 亚洲 Beijing 北京普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念...

蓬莱市17040112860: 名词性从句包括哪些从句拜托了各位 谢谢 -
夔蒲肿节: 包括四个哦,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句哦 满意请采纳

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