什么叫做名词性从句？（英语）

英语中什么叫名词性从句~

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句
名词性从句：其功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成分可分为主语，宾语，表语和同位语从句．名词性从句必须用陈述语序.
常见引导词：
1. that 无意义，在名词性从句中不充当成分；
2. whether/if “是否” , 在从句中不充当成分；
3. who “谁”，在从句中作主语, 口语中可作宾语, 表语;
4. whom “谁”，在从句中作宾语, 表语;
5. whose “谁的”，在从句中作定语,表语;
6. what “什么”，“…的”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义没有明确的范围;
7. which “哪个，哪些”，在从句中作主语,宾语, 表语, 定语，含义有明确的范围;
8. when “何时”，在从句中作时间状语，表语；
9. where“何地”，在从句中作地点状语，表语；
10. why “为什么”，在从句中作原因状语，表语；
11. how “怎样，怎么”在从句中作方式状语，表语。 由how组成的短语也可引导名词性从句, 在从句中作状语，如how many, how long , how soon, how often, how far…
12. because “因为”，在从句中作原因状语；
13. as if/as though “好像，似乎”，在从句中不充当成分；
14. whoever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语；
15. whomever “无论谁”，在主句和从句中都可作宾语，表语；
16. whatever “无论什么”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语；
17. whichever “无论哪个”，在主句和从句中都可作主语，宾语，表语，定语，含义有明确的范围；
一、主语从句
用作主语的从句。
常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;
1. ________ the teacher said today was quite right.
2. _______ they are badly in need of help is quite clear.
3. ________ they will sell the house is not yet decided.
4. _________ was said here must be kept secret.
5. _________ makes mistakes must correct them.
6. It is a pity ______ she has made such a mistake.
7. ______ we will start is not decided yet.
8. ______ surprised me most was his manner.
9. ______ he was chosen monitor is clear.
10. _______ he has gone is still unknown.

注: 1、主语从句做主语，谓语用单数；但两个以上的从句做主语，谓语用复数；
What he says and what he does disagree.
2、可用“it”做形式主语，把主语从句放在后面；
主要有下列句型：
1) It +v.+ adj. / n. +从句
It is a shame that we missed the last train.
It is important that we should learn a foreign language.
It’s a pleasure that we’re going to have a party.
注：It is important /necessary/ natural/ a pity/strange/ impossible that sb. / sth. (should) do…
It is necessary that you not sleep in class.
2) It +不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that he is from the USA.
It happened that his parents were out when he called.
3) It + be +过去分词+从句
It is said that... 据说……
　It is known to all that... 众所周知……
　It is reported that... 据报道……
　It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信……
　It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is hoped that… 人们希望… …
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It has been proved that... 已证明…….
It is said that Tom once studied in the USA.
It is reported that a storm is on the way.
It has been proved that the theory is correct.
3、在主语从句中，“that”放在句首时不能省略，若“it”做形式主语，“that”从句放在后面在口语中，可以省略“that”;
二、宾语从句
放在某个动词，介词或形容词后做宾语。
常见引导词：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, how far, how soon, how often, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever;
1. I think ________ a healthy diet should contain a lot of green vegetables and fruit.
2. I wonder ________ you can do me a favor.
3. It depends on _________ the manager will agree to the plan or not.
4. The teacher asked little Tom _______ first discovered America.
5. He asked me ________ pronunciation was the best in our class.
6. He told me ________ had happened on his way to school.　
7. Do you think _______ team will win the match?
8. You can do ____________ you like.
9. I’ll give the job to ___________ has much work experience.
10. I don’t know __________ he will leave for America.

注：1. 含宾补时，常用下面句型：
主语＋动词＋it+宾补+宾语从句;
I find it necessary that we should ask him for advice.
2. 介词后常接wh-词引导的从句,很少接that引导的(介词but, except, in 除外), 若介词后的从句由 that引导,则须用it作形式宾语
After what seemed a long time, he returned home.
You may depend on it that they will support you.
She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her.
3. 在“be+adj.”后,常可接that引导的宾语从句,也可把其称为原因状语从句.
I’m afraid that I can’t accept your invitation.
She’s happy that her daughter had passed the exams.
4. 否定转移：“think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine”等词所接的宾语从句若为否定式，常把否定词提前到在主句中。
He doesn’t believe we have finished our work.
I don’t think he cares about it, does he?
5. “that”引导的宾语从句做某动词或形容词宾语时,“that”可省略，但若有两个并列的“that”从句，后一个“that”不可省略；
I hear Tom is good at soccer and that he joined the club last week.
6. 宾语从句的时态特点
①主句若用现在时(含一般现在时,一般将来时，现在完成时),从句根据情况可用任何相应时态；
I hear they will be back in a week.
Do you know why he left without a word?
I’m not sure whether he has been to the Great Wall before.
②主句用过去式时,从句要用相应的过去时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）；
She hesitated whether she would take our advice.
He told me his son was watching TV.
He said that he had been in London for two days.
注：当从句表示“真理，格言，谚语，科学事实”时，从句用现在时态；
My grandpa told me that the earth is round.
三、表语从句
表语从句放在系动词后，如be, seem, look等,用来说明，解释主语，使其具体化；
常见引导词：that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how, how much, how many, how long, whoever, how far, how soon, how often, whomever, whatever, whichever, because, as if/as though;
1. What she wants to know is _______ computer she should buy.
2. The problem was ______ could do the work.
3. What I want to know is _________ answers are right.
4. He is late for school today; it is ________ he missed the first bus.
5. It seems _________ he is from the USA.
6. The trouble is _______ he has no work experience.
7. The question is ________ we should ask them for help.
8. He missed the first bus today; that is ________ he was late for school.
9. This is ________ you made the mistakes.
10. The problem is _______ he can get food and clothing.

注：1. 引导词通常不省略；
2. 当“reason”做主语时，表语从句用 “that”引导；
The reason for his illness is that he was caught in a heavy rain.
3. The truth/fact is that…
The trouble/difficulty/problem is that…
The fact is that he has never been there before.
The trouble is that we are short of money and technology.
四、同位语从句
同位语从句放在某名词后，对其进一步解释，说明该名词的具体内容。
常见引导词：that, when, where, whether, why, who, whom, whose, how…
同位语从句常放在下列名词后: news, word, idea, fact, truth, reason, thought, doubt, belief, hope, promise, possibility, order, proposal, advice, suggestion, demand…
There was little hope that they would survive.
Word came that our team had won.
I have no idea why she left.
They had the question whether he could pass the final exam.
He didn’t take my advice that we should set off earlier.

名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。

一．主语从句

主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：

It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place.

It is John that broke the window.

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is ＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that … 事实是…

It is an honor that …非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that …是常识

(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句

It is natural that… 很自然…

It is strange that… 奇怪的是…

(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句

It seems that… 似乎…

It happened that… 碰巧…

(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

It has been proved that… 已证实…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况

(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。

(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)

That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)

(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)

That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)

(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)

Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)

(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)

Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)

4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别

What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

1) What you said yesterday is right.

2) That she is still alive is a consolation.

二．宾语从句

宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语

(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：

I heard that be joined the army.

(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：

1) She did not know what had happened.

2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.

2. 作介词的宾语

例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.

3. 作形容词的宾语

例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.

That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. It 可以作为形式宾语

It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month..

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词

这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：

I admire their winning the match. (right)

I admire that they won the match. (wrong)

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词

有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)

He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

7. 否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）

三．表语从句

表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：

1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.

2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people

3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.

4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四．同位语从句

同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能

同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：

1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.

2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）

2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）

可在句中充当名词性成分，如主语，宾语，同谓语从句等。

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锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 有谁知道名词性从句是什么 - ？
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锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 英语中什么叫名词性从句 - ？
古侵朴康： 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 .名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等.名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 英语中怎么判断什么是名词性从句?有什么特征和标志? - ？
古侵朴康： 如果这个句子做的是名词成分那么它就是名词性从句.

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 英语中的名词性从句是什么意思能给讲解吗,并举例说明 - ？
古侵朴康： 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.因为它是从句,因此具有句子的结构特点(即有一套主谓成份);同时又具有名词性特点,所以可以在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语.

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 在英语中什么是名词性从句？
古侵朴康： 名词性从句就是从句起着名词的作用,那么名词放哪,它就可以放哪,比如, 名词可以做主语,那就放主语位置:You who is a good student study well.名词可做宾语,可以放宾语位置:I like English which I think is very useful. 当然,还有很多别的位置,因为本人才疏学浅,不能一一列举,只能帮忙到此,见谅

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 英语名词性从句的结构及内容 - ？
古侵朴康： 名词性从句,顾名思义,就是以名词作为先行词的从句(通俗地讲就是跟在名词后面的从句).名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等具体的结构我会各用一个句子来形象表达:1)主语从句,以一个句子作主语,引导...

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 名词性从句是什么? - ？
古侵朴康： 一、什么是名词性从句? 在主从复合句中,不修饰任何句子中的成分而独立存在的从句就是名词性从句.名词性从句包括:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位于从句;名词性从句由连接代词和连接副词引导.

锡林郭勒盟18231377280： 什么是英语的名词性从句??？
古侵朴康： 名词性从句包括:主语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,宾语从句.他们分别在句子中做主语,定语,同位语,表语和宾语.七、if, whether引导的名词从句 1)yes-no型疑问从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑...