培根的论读书 全文

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《谈读书》

作者：弗兰西斯·培根

原文节选：读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。

读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接。

而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。狡黠者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。

《谈读书》采用了比喻论证、对比论证、排比论证等方法，论述了读书的正确目的、读书的正确方法以及读书的重要作用，引导人们通过认真读书完善自我。

培根是著名的散文家，他的随笔对英国以至世界影响都很大。培根的随笔，风格平易流畅，笔法灵活，语言警辟。全文好似一篇谈话，富于针对性，是一位洞察世事人情的饱学之士，对世人的谆谆告诫。

扩展资料

在读书的意义和作用方面培根有十分精辟的论述：“读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中。

其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。”“读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨，凡有所学皆成性格。”

培根说：“人的天性像是野生的花草，读书像是修剪移栽。一个没有目标没有重点盲目读书的人，最终只能成为书的奴隶。”

读书方法上培根注重理论与实践相结合，“运用的方法乃在书本之外，这是一门技艺，不经实验就不能学到。”培根说：“有的书只要读其中的一部分，有的书只须知其中梗概即可，而对一些好书则要反复地读。

《培根论读书》对读书的意义、作用和方法都作了透彻的论述，今天，无论是读书治学还是掌握现代先进的科学技术，都是值得我们借鉴的。我想，做到爱读书，会读书，这样才能读好书，才能学好知识。

参考资料来源：百度百科-谈读书

培根-论读书-中英文对照

Of Study (论读书）

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bothers; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading make a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers\' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

培根论读书

王佐良先生译

读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing and exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he head need have much cunning, to seem to know that he does not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

On the greenery of protect of choreographic,Is the mood of the fresh and cool dew dropsOn the greenery of protect of choreographic,Is the mood of the fresh and cool dew drops .2005-11-30 18:30:19 dew_drops

读书足以冶情，足以博彩，足以长才。其冶情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则非好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足；因为天生才干犹如自然花草，读书之后方知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有手艺者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注、孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，摘要也可请人代作，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常动笔者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智如有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。保龄利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑马利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，因为演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，因为研究经院哲学者吹毛求疵者也；如不善分析论证，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.

Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing and exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he head need have much cunning, to seem to know that he does not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

On the greenery of protect of choreographic,Is the mood of the fresh and cool dew dropsOn the greenery of protect of choreographic,Is the mood of the fresh and cool dew drops .2005-11-30 18:30:19 dew_drops

读书足以冶情，足以博彩，足以长才。其冶情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则非好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足；因为天生才干犹如自然花草，读书之后方知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有手艺者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注、孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，摘要也可请人代作，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。

读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常动笔者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智如有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。保龄利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑马利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，因为演题须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，因为研究经院哲学者吹毛求疵者也；如不善分析论证，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。

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仓山区17229774786： 培根的论读书 全文 - ？
诗妻派威： 培根-论读书-中英文对照Of Study (论读书)STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of ...

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诗妻派威：[答案] 第一,从开头到“全凭观察得之”,阐述读书的正确目的.先从正面说,读书有三种不同的目的:怡情、傅彩和长才.重点阐述读书的好处.而后从反面指出读书中的三种偏向,并论述读书和经验的关系:相互补充、相辅相成.最后指出只有明察事理的人...

仓山区17229774786： 谈读书 培根 谈读书 培根        读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才. 其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,... - ？
诗妻派威：[答案] 1.第一层,从开头到“全凭观察得之”,阐述读书的正确目的; 第二层,从“读书时不可存心诘难作者”到“始能无知而显有知”,阐述读书的方法. 第三层,从“读史使人明智”到结尾,阐述读书能塑造人的性格和弥补精神上的各种缺陷. 2.书上的...

仓山区17229774786： 求 狡黠者鄙读书,无知者羡读书的全文 - ？
诗妻派威：[答案] 这句话出自《培根随笔》. 《随笔集》共五十八篇,内容涉及人类生活的方方面面.语言简洁,文笔优美,说理透彻,警句迭出,几百年来深受各国读者喜爱.培根学识渊博且通晓人情世故,对谈及的问题均由发人深省的独到见解. 以下是我找到的全文. ...

仓山区17229774786： 陪根谈读书全文？
诗妻派威： 培根谈读书 读书可怡心,可添彩,可长才. 其怡心也,犹见于幽居休憩之际;其添彩也,犹见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,犹见于审时度势处事之时. 练达者虽能逐一处理或判断具体事务,然纵览全局、统筹谋划,则非饱学之士不可. 读书耗...

仓山区17229774786： 读史使人明智培根的《谈读书》狡黠者鄙读书.逻辑修辞使人善变; 后面还有一句是什么?全段内容是什么 - ？
诗妻派威：[答案] 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵透,数学使人精细,物理使人深沉,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩,正如古人所云:学皆成性.不仅如此,连心智上的各种障碍都可以读适当之书而令其开豁.

仓山区17229774786： 读史使人明智,读诗使人聪慧,演算使人精密,哲理使人深刻的翻译 培根(原文) - ？
诗妻派威：[答案] 培根论读书 读书可以作为消遣,可以作为装饰,也可以增长才干.孤独寂寞时,阅读可以消遣.高谈阔论时,知识可供装饰.处世行事时,知识意味着才干.懂得事务因果的人是幸运的.有实际经验的人虽能够处理个别性的事务,...

仓山区17229774786： 培根的《谈读书》概括主要内容 - ？
诗妻派威： 《谈读书》首先说的是读书的三种功用,即:怡情、傅彩和长才. “怡情”使人即使独处幽居也可不失生活的情趣,“傅彩”使人善于言辨或烘托气氛,“长才”则使人圆观周览,于待人、接物、进业,更加精熟完满.其次,文章谈如何读书....

仓山区17229774786： 培根在《论读书》中有言:“读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确.因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有... - ？
诗妻派威：[答案] 要求观点鲜明,论述充分,并结合自身实际,不少于100字.符合以上要求可得满分,反之酌情扣分. 开放性试题,只要观点正确,有理有据,文通句顺,书写认真即可.