归纳虚拟语气使用方法

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虚拟语气具体用法~

你没写上需要填空的地方啊,应该是在occupied 的前面吧,D是正确的,前半句是虚拟语气,后半句不是虚拟语气,所以根据时间状语的提示选D

虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题。然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法,那就可以化难为易了。现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下:

1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
        (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如:
            I would certainly go if I had time.(现在)
            If it should rain,we wouldn”t go out.(将来)
            If I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)
            If he were here,we could ask him.(现在)
        (2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词)。如:
            If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
            She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy.
            If I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.
            If only you hadn”t told him the news.
        (3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如:
            Had they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.
            Should it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.
            Were I go(=If I were you), I would go.
        (4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如:
            If it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).
            If I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).

2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
        在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如:
            I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
            The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
            I wish I were as strong as you.
            I would rather that you hadn”t told him.

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
        在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
            It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
            It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
            It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.

4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
        在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
            Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
            My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
            Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?

5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
        在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
            They talked as if they had been friends for years.
            She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
            He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.

6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:
        在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。

虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令。 May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! You go out! 你出去!
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气,宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。 I wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我一边。 I wish I could help him. 我希望我能帮助他。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。 动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略。 The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class. 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。 He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。 在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。 It's important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。 虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在、过去和将来。 A.与现在事实相反的: If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。 B.与过去事实相反的: If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。 If I were you, I should buy it. 如果我是你,我就买了它。 If I had time, I would study French. 如果我有时间,我会学习法语的。 If she knew English,she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的。 If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。

***有关虚拟语气的几个问题***

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。 Were she younger, she would do it . 如果她年青点, 她就会干的。 Had he known her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。 I could help you. 我本来可以帮助你。 If I had time. 我要有时间该多好啊! She should have come to the party. 她应该来参加聚会。 If he had much more money. 如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。 If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些。 If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好。

虚拟语气主要用来表示假设,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。
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一、虚拟条件句的基本类型

(1) 与现在事实相反:若与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:

If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话,我们就会及时到达。

(2) 与过去事实相反:若与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:

If he had been in that train then, he might have been killed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上,他可能就死于那场车祸了。

(3) 与将来事实相反:若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:

If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)

If I asked him,I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
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二、错综时间虚拟条件句

所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如:

If you'd listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。

If you were in better health, we'd have let you go with us. 你要是身体好一点,我们就让你和我们一道去了。
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三、含蓄虚拟条件句

所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:

Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。

Without your help, I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这些成就。

I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的,但我生病了。
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四、if it weren't (wasn't) for与if it hadn't been for

这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型,其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”,与but for, without同义。如:

If it wasn't (weren't) for the children, we wouldn't have anything to talk about. 要不是因为孩子们,我们不会有什么可谈的。

If it hadn't been for the rain, we would have had a good harvest. 要不是有雨,我们本会获得一个大丰收的。

If it hadn't been for the doctor's care, I wouldn't have recovered so soon. 要不是医生的照顾,我不会痊愈得这么快。

注:一般说来,if it weren’t (wasn't) for 用于谈论现在的情况,而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t (wasn’t) for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况。
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五、使用虚拟语气的特殊句式

(1) I wish…句式:要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时,表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词,表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。如:

I wish I was ten years younger. 我但愿年轻10岁。

I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能讲你们国家的话。

I wish I hadn't wasted so much money. 但愿我没浪费这么多钱。

(2) if only…句式:if only 与 I wish一样,也是表示与事实相反的愿望的,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:

If only Tessa was here now. 要是特萨现在在这儿就好了。

If only l knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的答案。

(3) as if / as though…句式:以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形。如:

I felt as if I was swimming. 我觉得好像在游泳似的。

At that time she acted as if I were her servant. 当时她的举止好像我是她的仆人。

(4) it's time…句式:从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:

It's time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。

I'm getting tired. It's time we went home. 我累了,我们该回家了。

注:time前有时有about和high修饰:

It's high time we left. 我们早该动身了。

(5) would rather…句式:通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表过去的愿望。如:

I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。

I would rather you didn’t mention the price. 我宁愿你别提价钱。
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六、使用虚拟语气的宾语从句

在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这些动词主要包括insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, demand, require, request, ask等,其虚拟语气格式为“should+动词原形”,其中的should在美国英语中可以省略。如:

The doctor advised that he change his job. 医生劝他换工作。

The detective insisted that he should have a look. 警探坚持要查看。

The seller demanded that payment should be made within five days. 卖方要求5日内付款。

Her uncle suggested that she (should) get a job in a bank. 她叔叔建议她在银行里找个工作。

注意:insist后接宾语从句时,有时用虚拟语气,有时用陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。比较:

She insisted that I (should) stay for supper. 她一定要我留下吃晚饭。

He still insisted that he wasn’t there at the time. 他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿。

与insist相似,suggest后接宾语从句时,也可用虚拟语气或陈述语气,其区别是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”“认为”。比较:

He suggested that we (should) come another day. 他建议们改日再来。

His smile suggested that he was satisfied. 他的微笑表明他是满意的。
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七、使用虚拟语气的主语从句

形容词important, impossible, necessary等后的主语从句通常用虚拟语气。如:

It's impossible that he (should) marry her. 他同她结婚是不可能的。

It's important that he (should) remember this. 他记住这一点很有必要。

注:在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame)以及 I am surprised (sorry) 和I regret等结构后的that 从句中有时也用should,表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意。如:

It's strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。

这类句子若用陈述语气,则不带感色彩,比较下面两句:

I'm surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤独。

She was surprised that I knew all about it. 这事我全知道她感到惊奇。


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为了使句子的某成分突出,我们还会使用强调,而倒装语序大多都用于强调,如:Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。定语从句 一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,所以叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。Please pass me the book ...

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英语的虚拟语气是将句子动词原本应该使用的时态向后退一步,以表示该句与事实相反。后退的方法如下:现在时────退──过去时 现在完成时──退──过去完成时 过去时────退──过去完成时 一般将来时──退──过去将来时 过去将来时──退──过去将来完成时 注:在虚拟语气中不用was,...

东港区18271343440: 虚拟语气的用法有哪些? -
野货五积: 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等.其形式为:(should)+动词原形.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同...

东港区18271343440: 虚拟语气怎么用.. -
野货五积: 虚拟语气在英语语法的句法部分里面算一个难点.其主要功能体现在两方面:一是表达与事实不符合的观点态度,这是虚拟语气中最基本的用法,根据名字也可以看出来.“虚拟”就是指“不真实的,假的,与事实不符合的”,语气就是“说话...

东港区18271343440: 高考英语虚拟语气用法总结 -
野货五积: 一.概念: 动词虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望, 假设, 猜测, 建议, 请求, 意图, 设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况, 或者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况, 而不表示客观存在的现实二.虚拟语气的表现形式: 通过句中谓语动词的特殊...

东港区18271343440: 虚拟语气用法 -
野货五积: 虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题.然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法,那就可以化难为易了.现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下: 1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 (1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式...

东港区18271343440: 虚拟语气的具体用法 -
野货五积: 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood)是谓语动词的一种形式,用来表示非真实的假设,或者用来表示命令、建议或说话人的主观愿望. 一、非真实条件中的虚拟语气 非真实条件就是违背事实情况的假设,包括违背现在事实的假设,违背过去事实...

东港区18271343440: 归纳虚拟语气使用方法 -
野货五积: 虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测,建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实. If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们. If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如...

东港区18271343440: 虚拟语气的用法 -
野货五积: 个人觉得很实用 (1) 对现在情况的虚拟 对现在情况的虚拟,条件句中谓语动词用一般过去时,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”. (2) 对过去情况的虚拟 对过去情况的虚拟,条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主句用“would/should...

东港区18271343440: 什么是虚拟语气?具体用法有什么? -
野货五积:[答案] 所谓虚拟就是假的意思,就是与事实不相符的.判断一个句子是否用了虚拟语气,留看它的时态是否与真实的时态一致.这样说来虚拟语气的用法也就不在乎两种,一是借助于助动词,二就是“提前”时态.明白了这个道理,你再看书本上的枯燥语法讲...

东港区18271343440: 如何掌握虚拟语气的用法 -
野货五积: 虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论: 1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形 2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟...

东港区18271343440: 关于虚拟语气的用法?
野货五积: 以下是1些我们老师上课讲解虚拟语态时候所书写的板书,我打上来供你参考:)希望可以帮到你:) 使用虚拟语气的1些单词: wish that sb had done 和过去事实相反 ...

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