英语哪些词用于虚拟语气

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英语中有什么词可以用虚拟语气?~

现代英语中,通用的动词虚拟式只有两个,即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。所谓be型虚拟式,是指不管主语是什么人,动词一律用原形,如果动词是被动态形式,则助动词一律用be。所谓were型虚拟式,是指不管主语是什么人称,动词一律用were,动词是进行时或被动态时,助动词一律用were。
be型虚拟式
1.用于表示命令、决定。建议等词语后的that分句。例如:Mary insisted that John come. /He ordered that the books be sent at once.
2.用于if,though,whatever,lest等引导的分句中,表示推测、让步、忧虑等。例如:Though everyone desert you,I will not. /If John be found guilty,he shall have the right of appeal.
3.用于某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等以及公式化的语句中。
例如:
God bless you! /Heaven forbid!
were型虚拟式
1.用于wish后的that分句中,表示与现在的事实相反的主观设想。例如:
I wish I were there.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
2.用于if,as if,as though等引导的分句和suppose或imagine等后面的分句中,表示对现在时间或将来时间的主观设想。例如:
If I were you,I should wait till next week.
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
If it were to rain,we should get wet.

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气
⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件,是虚拟条件最普通的方式。
① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形,例如:If I were in your position I would marry her.
② 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.
③ 大多数的虚拟条件句属于上面三种情况的一种,但并不排除存在条件和后果中,一个和现在情况相反,另一个和过去情况相反,例如:If you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful now.这个句子在高中出现频率颇高。
④ 但是,如果后果用了虚拟语气,而条件却用陈述语气,这种用法是错的。
⒉ 除了表示虚假条件外,if从句还可以表示对将来的推测,由于是将来还没有发生的,所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的,只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下,可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测,这个事实是完全可能发生的。If从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形,例如:Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(1996年1月四级第44题)
⒊ 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前,即用倒装结构,这时候,如果出现not等否定词,否定词需放在主语后面。这种结构在口语中很少使用,但频频出现在各类考试中出现,例如:If it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis.→Had it not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis.
⒋ 大多数的虚拟条件通过上面所讲的两种方法表达,但在个别句子中也可以通过介词without和介词短语but for表达,副词otherwise等表达出来。例如:We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.(1995年6月四级第46题)值得注意的是,包含but for的句子,谓语动词必定要用虚拟形式,但包含without等短语的句子,谓语动词未必一定要用虚拟语气。
⒌ 有时虚拟条件不是明确地表达出来,而在蕴含在用but引导的从句里,于是便出现了有谓语动词是虚拟语气的主句加上谓语动词是陈述语气的but从句构成的并列复合句,例如I would have hung you but the telephone was out of order.在这样的句子里,如果主句没有用虚拟语气,或者从句用了虚拟语气,都是错的。
Ⅱ用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气。(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用(should) +动词原形。值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后。例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
除此之外,上述动词也要求用虚拟式
① 在It is+上述动词的过去分词,其后所跟的主语从句中,如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
② 在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词,其后的表语从句中,例如His suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
③ 在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中,如:The workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
⒊ would (had)rather , would sooner也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反,例如:I would rather he went right now.
Ⅲ其他形式的虚拟语气
⒈ it is +necessary等形容词后,that主语从句中虚拟形式使用,这类形容词包括necessary, important, essential, imperative, urgent, preferable, vital, advisable等,例如It is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.或者It is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
⒉ 在It's (high/about) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式,例如It is high time that you went to school
⒊ 虚拟语气在as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句中的应用(谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句基本相同)表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。例如:He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened. 表示过去想象中的动作或情况,谓语动词用过去完成式。
⒋ 在lest 引导的状语从句中,谓语动词多用虚拟语气,(should )+ 动词原形。例如: The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.(1998年1月四级第38题)
⒌ 在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。例如: Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I had followed your advice.

现代英语中,通用的动词虚拟式只有两个,即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。所谓be型虚拟式,是指不管主语是什么人,动词一律用原形,如果动词是被动态形式,则助动词一律用be。所谓were型虚拟式,是指不管主语是什么人称,动词一律用were,动词是进行时或被动态时,助动词一律用were。
be型虚拟式
1.用于表示命令、决定。建议等词语后的that分句。例如:Mary insisted that John come. /He ordered that the books be sent at once.
2.用于if,though,whatever,lest等引导的分句中,表示推测、让步、忧虑等。例如:Though everyone desert you,I will not. /If John be found guilty,he shall have the right of appeal.
3.用于某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等以及公式化的语句中。
例如:
God bless you! /Heaven forbid!
were型虚拟式
1.用于wish后的that分句中,表示与现在的事实相反的主观设想。例如:
I wish I were there.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
2.用于if,as if,as though等引导的分句和suppose或imagine等后面的分句中,表示对现在时间或将来时间的主观设想。例如:
If I were you,I should wait till next week.
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
If it were to rain,we should get wet.
1.动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。
e.g. I suggest that we(should)set off at once.
 The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.
 I wish I were as strong as you.
 I would rather that you hadn't told him.
2. 在 suggestion, proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
 Our suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.
 My advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.
 Do you know the order that you(should)keep watch?
3. 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如:
 It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.
It is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.
4. 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;They talked as if they had been friends for years.
5. 在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,(根if状语从句中的主句形式相同)常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如:
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
6.在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
 It’s time I was going.
 It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.
7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。
B.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.
8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
9. would rather.( 与if 从句相同)
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况,表示希望或婉转的责备。例如:
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10. 虚拟语气在由某些连词,常见的这些连词和介词有:与if 从句相同
1) unless (除非),provided(倘若),supposing(假若),providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句,动词多用过去时。
 除非你命令他做,要不他是不会做的。
 He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.
假若你有机会出国,你会去哪儿呢?
 Providing(if) you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?
11. for fear that(以免, 唯恐),in order that (以便),whether(不管),lest(以免),in case (假使),从句中加情态动词,有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
He hid it lest she (should) see it.
我得准备点啤酒,说不定约翰会来。
I'll get some beer in case John should come.
他轻轻地进屋,以免吵醒他的同房。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate.
12. if only, 与if 从句相同
如果表示对现在的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用过去式;
如果表示将来的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形;
如果表示对过去的愿望,句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!

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栾鸿氨酚: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:1.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,should可以省略.如advise,agree,command,decide,...

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栾鸿氨酚: ”,if 引导的句子也可能用虚拟语气. 而且. 内容太多,需要举例,虚拟语气最重要的特征不是otherwise和if,而是动词,跟在“否则”后面的内容“老虎咬他”还没有发生,也不一定会发生,只是一种假设虚拟语气,很详细,一下子说不完,还是看百度百科吧. otherwise的意思是“否则”. 所以,除了otherwise提醒我们可能用虚拟语气,这个“愿望”是无法实现的,而这个“假设”是没有真正发生的,可能与现实相反.所以叫做“虚拟”语气,假设“他没有走过去”就会发生“老虎咬他”的情况,用法举例:“他必须走过去,否则老虎就咬他了,表达说话人的愿望或假设.网址在下面 参考资料:baike.baidu.com/view/26751.htm

咸宁市17030477118: 高中英语,后需要用虚拟语气的词有哪些 -
栾鸿氨酚: 词义是建议命令要求的词 如suggest,advise,command.....等等

咸宁市17030477118: 那些词后面跟虚拟语气?? -
栾鸿氨酚: 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一.虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测. Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表...

咸宁市17030477118: 英语中的虚拟语气 -
栾鸿氨酚: 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反. 1. lf条件句对现在时态的虚拟 从句一般过去时 主句过去将来时(would /could/should do) 例句:If i were you , i would ...

咸宁市17030477118: 虚拟语气的用法有哪些? -
栾鸿氨酚: 主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词,用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等.其形式为:(should)+动词原形.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同...

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