虚拟语气的主句,从句都指什么?结构? 再加上一些习题,最好备有答案及讲解,谢谢

虚拟语气的主句,从句都指什么?结构? 再加上一些习题,最好备有答案及讲解,谢谢~

指我们平常说的说话人说话的口气。（在英语中，语气除了指语调以外，最主要的是通过动词发生变化而表示不同语气）
英语中的语气分为三类：
陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句）
祈使语气（用于祈使句）
虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等）
二、虚拟语气
1） 虚拟语气概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. ( 真实条件状语)
If he was free, he would ask me to tell stories. （真实条件状语）
If I were you, I would go at once. （非真实条件状语从句）
If there were no air, people would die. （非真实条件状语从句）
2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
（条件）从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式

谓语动词用过去式
（be用were）
should/would/could/might+动词原形


eg：If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他在努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式

Had+过去分词
Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词


eg If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小）


从句
主语 例句

If+主语+
① should+动词② did
③were to do

(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小，
should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it rained tomorrow our picnic
would be put off.
万一那天下雨，我们的郊游
就推迟。



eg: If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
四、虚拟语气的其他用法
①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式
eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed
eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望
谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形
eg: I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）
②虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中。
在这种用法中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave12. Should it rain, the crops _____ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have 14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?” --- “No, but I wish I _____”A. have B. will C. do D. had18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?” --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow21. If only I _____ my watch!A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.A. may not make B. might not makeC. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made23. We _____ the work on time without your help.A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finishedC. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished24. --- “Where have you been?” --- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.A. were B. had been C. are D. should be Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CAABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC

if 虚拟条件句的虚拟语气，可以参看下面：
① 表示与现在事实相反的情况
(条件)从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
谓语动词用一般过去式
(be用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形(过去将来时)
eg.
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)
If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱)
If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。(事实:学习不用功)

②表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语动词形式
had+过去分词(过去完成时) should/would/could/might+
have+过去分词(现在完成将来时)(过去将来完成时)
eg. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)

③表示对将来情况的主观推测(可能相反或可能性很小)
从句谓语动词形式
If+主语+ ① should+动词
② did
③were to do
(①通常与一个表示时间状语连用)其 中were to do可能性最小，
主句谓语动词形式
should/would/could/might+动词原形
eg.If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪)
If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事得始末。
在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should+动词原形"构成，should 可省略。

虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实，或是不可能发生的事情，而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设。虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中。
一、在宾语从句中
1．当主句的谓语动词为“suggest，propose，advise，insist，order，demand，require，request， desire’’等表示“建议”、“命令”、“请求”和“要求”的动词时，其后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”(在美国英语中 should省略)。例如：
I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight．我建议我们今晚开个会。
We advise that steps(should)be taken at once．我们建议要立刻采取措施。
They insisted that he(should)begin the work at once．他们坚持让他立刻开始工作。
He ordered that aU(should)take part in the work．他下令所有的人都要参加这项工作。
另外，当主句动词为“ask，move，urse”等意为 “要求”、 “提议”和“极力主张”时，其宾语从句也常用虚拟语气。例如：
He asked that he be given an opportunity to try．他要求给他一个尝试的机会。
I move that the money be used for books． 我提议把这笔钱用于买书。
They urged that we take action on this matter immediately．他们极力主张我们对这件事立即采取行动。
2．当主句动词为wish，表示“但愿……”，“要是……该多好叼”之意时，其后的宾语从句有以下三种虚拟语气形式。
①动词用过去式来说明与现在的事实相反(BE动词常用were，但有时也可用was)。例如：
1 wish 1 were／Was as strong as you．我要是像你一样强壮就好了。
1 wish l remembered his address．我要是记住他的地址就好了。
有时；为了强调现在状态下能发生某种情况或进行某项动作，从句中的动词也可用过去进行式。例如：
1 wish it wasn’t raining．要是天不下雨就好
了。
②动词用过去完成式说明与过去的事实相反。例如：
We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation．我们以前要是能更注意我们的发音就好了。
He wished he had stayed at home。他但愿他呆在了家里。
③情态动词“would，could，might”等后接动词原形，表示对将来的希望(通常不用should)。例如：
1 wish he would try again．我希望他再试一下。
We wish he could come．我们希望他能来。
3．在prefer之后的宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：
We prefer that the plan(should)be fully discussed before being put into execution．我们希望在计划实施之前进行认真的讨论。
4．在would rather之后的宾语从句中，其动词用虚拟语气，表示句子的主语(某人)宁愿让另一人做某事。
①用动词过去式表示现在或将来要做的事。例如：
I’d rather you went home now．我宁愿让你现在就回家。
Don’t come tomorrow．I’d rather you came nextweekend．明天别来，我宁愿你下个周末来。
一Shall l open a window?我开窗行吗？ 一I’d rather you didn’t．你最好别开。
②用动词的过去完成式表示过去的动作。
例如：
I’d rather you hadn’t done that．我真希望(宁愿)你没做过那件事。
二、在主语从句中
1．在句型“h is／was+过去分词+that从句”中，当过去分词为“suggested，ordered，desired，insisted， required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged’’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：
h is desired that everyone(should)get erything ready bY toniShL要求每一个人在今晚之前要将一切准备好。
It is requested that Miss Zhang(should) give a performance at the party．请求张小姐在晚会上表演一个节目。

2．在句型“h is／Was+形容词+that从句”中，当形容词为“important,necessary，strange，natural’’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：
It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign language．掌握一门外语对我们来说是重要的和必要的。
It is strange that he (should) refuse your help．他竟然拒绝你们的帮助，真奇怪。
3．在句型“h is／was+名词+that从句” 中，当名词为“a pity，a shame，no wonder’等时，从句中要用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：
It is a great pity that he should be sO selfish。真遗憾，他竟然那么自私。
三、在同位语从句或表语从句中
在名词“suggestion,proposal,idea,plan，order,advice’’等后面的同位语从句或表语从句中，用“should+动词原形”(should可省略)。例如：
I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week．我提出了我们下个星期开会的建议。(同位语从句)
His suggestion that the meeting(shoald)be held in this room has been accepted．他的关于在这个房间召开会议的建议被采纳了。(同位语从句)
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference．我的想法是我们多找些人来参加会议。(表语从句)
四、在定语从句中
在句型“h is(high)time+(that)从句”中，谓语须用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来的意念，意为“现在是该做某事的时候了”。
例如：
h iS(hieh)time(that)we went home．我们该回家了。
五、在状语从句中
1．在假设条件句的if条件从句中
假设条件句一般是由“if引导的条件从句+主句”构成。if从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气的形式。if从句的假设可以是与现在事实相反的条件、与过去事实相反的条件或者与将来不太可能成为事实的条件。下面分述表示这三种条件的if从句的结构：
①与现在的事实相反，其句子结构为“If+主语+were／谓语动词的过去式”。例如：
If 1 were you，I shouldn’t do that．如果我是你，就不会做那件事了。
We would gO with you if we had time．如果我们有时间的话，就和你一道去了。
We could ask him if he were here．如果他在这儿，我们就可以问他了。
②与过去的事实相反，其句子结构为“If十主语+谓语动词的过去完成式”。例如：
If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it如果昨天他见到你，他就会问你那件事了。
If you had come earlier，you would have met him．如果你早点儿来，就会遇到他了。
1 would have called you if I had known your telephone number．如果我知道你的电话号码，就打电话给你了。
③表示将来不太可能实现的条件，其句子结构为“If+主语+动词过去式／were to+动词原形／should+动词原形”。例如：
If he came tomorrow,he would find me in the schoo1．如果他明天来的话，会在学校找到我。
If it should rain，the crops would be saved．如果下雨，庄稼就有救了。
If it were to snow tomorrow，they would not go out．如果明天下雪，他们就不出去了。
注：在if从句中，如果含有“were，should，had’’时，可省去if而将“were，should，had’’置于句首，构成倒装句。例如：
Were l in your position，1 would go．如果我处在你的位子上，我就走了。
Had you arrived five minutes earlier，you could have seen them off．如果你早到五分钟，
你就可以给他们送行了。
Should he come，tell him to ring me up．如果他来的话，叫他打电话给我。
2．在目的状语从句中
①在由lest
和in case等引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形” (should可省略)。例如：
He ran away lest he(should)be seen．他跑走了，以免被人看到。
She explained again and again in case he (should)misunderstand her．她解释了一遍又一遍，以免他误解她。
in case等引导的目的状语从句中的谓语有时也可用陈述语气。此时，从句表示的就是真实情况，而不是虚拟情况。例如：
Take warm clothes in case the weather iS cold．带上厚衣服，以防天气变冷。
②在由“so that…”和“in order that…”
引导的目的从句中，要用“can／could／may／might／would+动词原形”，以表示目的并非事实。例如：
She stayed at home for a few days sO that
she might／could take care of her sick mother． 她在家呆了几天，以便照顾她生病的母亲。
③在由“for fear that…”引导的从句中，用“should+动词原形”(有时也可用may／might／would)。例如：
He worked hard for fear that he should fail．他努力学习，害怕考试不及格。
3．在方式状语从句中
由as if和as though等引导的方式状语从句中，如果从句所表达的情况是虚拟的，则①常用动词的过去式来表示与现在或当时的情况相
反；如果是BE动词，则用were；②常用过去完成式来表示与过去的情况相反。例如：
She loves the child as i厂he were her own．她爱这孩子就好像是她亲生的。
(实际上不是她亲生的孩子)
Holding his head high，he walked past the pole and the soldiers as if they didn’t exist．他昂着头从旗杆和卫兵身旁走过，就像他们不存在似的。(实际上他们是存在的)
He speaks English as well as ifhe hadstudied in England．他英语说得这么好，好像他去英国学过英语似的。(实际上他没有在英国学过英语)
4．在原因状语从句中
在“I’m sorry that．—／We were surprised that一．／They were disappointed that．．．”等引导的表示原因的状语从句中，用“should十动词原形”。例如：
I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health．他的身体这么差让我很难过。
We were surprised that she should be so stubbom．她这么固执让我们感到奇怪。
上述句子有时也可以用陈述语气，但这仅表示所叙述的是事实，而不表示讲话人的情绪。

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兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气的句式有哪些及用法？
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兴海县17030601250： 英语中虚拟语气的句式结构 - ？
权疤羚羊： 原发布者:我是木头人970虚拟语气一、if引导的虚拟条件句(表示与事实相反的假设):现在:If+主语+过去式/were,主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形过去:If+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should/would/could/might+have+过去分词过去...

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气的结构 - ？
权疤羚羊： 初中英语语法虚拟语气的结构和用法

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气的主句,从句都指什么?结构? 再加上一些习题,最好备有答案及讲解,谢谢？
权疤羚羊： 虚拟语气是以动词的特殊形式来说明句中所叙述的内容不是事实,或是不可能发生的事情,而是一种愿望、建议或是与事实相反的一种假设.虚拟语气通常出现在各种主从复合句中. 一、在宾语从句中 1.当主句的谓语动词为“suggest,propose,...

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气将来时中从句与主句的时态和结构? - ？
权疤羚羊：[答案] if (did/were to do/should do),主语 would do . 如:if I were you,I would go abroad.

兴海县17030601250： 谁能简洁告诉我虚拟语气的三种时态的主从句的时态结构,还有should什么时候可省略? - ？
权疤羚羊： 1 对现在的虚拟结构:if+主语+动词动词过去时,主语+should/would+动词原形 should不可以省略2 对过去的虚拟结构:if+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should/would+have+动词过去时 shouldbukeyishenglue3 对将来的虚拟结构:if+主语+should+动词原形(were to+动词原形),主语+would/should+动词原形.这个可以省略should 句型是Should +主语+动词原形,后面不变.

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气结构 - ？
权疤羚羊： 虚拟语气表示主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况,大体上有两类形式:1、should. would. may. might 等加动词原形构成 如Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾关门.2、和某些时态的形式相同,但表示的时间不同 If I had the money, I would buy it .我要是有钱就买它了.(表示现在情况,却用相当于过去时的形式.)

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气的构成 - ？
权疤羚羊： 虚拟语气主要说的就是对未发生事情表达的看法.举个例子说,英语里面说假如我是你那就好啦.这个我是你,就是一个非现实的情况.这种情况我们就用虚拟语气来表述.虚拟语气的用法主要有对现在对过去对未来的虚拟. 对现在的虚拟:if+过去式 主句:would(should,might,could)+do 对过去的虚拟:if+过去完成式 主句:would(should,might,could)+have done 对将来的虚拟:if+were to(should)do 主句:would(should,might,could)+do 这几个是最基本的形式.相信其他的答案都是复制很多不想看的语法了,这个应该更好理解

兴海县17030601250： 虚拟语气的用法? - ？
权疤羚羊： 虚拟语气很简单的. 指不可能发生或者与现在相反的事. if 引导虚拟语气,结构就是【主句动词为would /could/might/should+V.原形 从句用一般过去时,如果从句的动词为be动词,无论何种人称都用were】eg: A:What would you do if you were me ?

兴海县17030601250： 帮我讲一下虚拟语气方面知识？
权疤羚羊： 虚拟语气是英语中用来表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气.英语中的虚拟语气常见的类型有:条件状语从句中的虚拟语气,后宾语从句中的虚拟语气,某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气,某些结构后主语从句中的虚拟语气等....