用英文介绍一下李斯特

李斯特的英文资料~

德语： Franz Liszt
匈牙利语：Liszt Ferenc

（1811.10.22--1886.7.31）

匈牙利作曲家、钢琴家、指挥家和音乐活动家，浪漫主义音乐的主要代表人物之一。

弗朗兹·李斯特于1811年10月22日生于匈牙利雷定（Raiding, Hungary）。当时匈牙利是奥匈帝国的一部分，李斯特的父亲是匈牙利人，母亲是奥地利的日耳曼族人，因此他有两个名字，分别是匈牙利和德语两种拼法。李斯特从小随母亲说德语，直到晚年才学会用匈牙利语写作。

李斯特六岁起开始学习音乐，并于此后不久移居维也纳，曾先后作为萨里埃里（Antonio Salieri，或译萨列里）、车尔尼(Carl Czerny)、雷哈、巴埃尔的弟子。

1823年，李斯特来到巴黎，受雨果、拉马丁、夏多布里昂等浪漫主义文艺家思想的影响，向往资产阶级革命。在音乐上他主张标题音乐，首创了交响诗体裁，作有《塔索》、《前奏曲》、《匈牙利》等交响诗共十三部。

李斯特还受帕格尼尼的影响，创作了十九首《匈牙利狂想曲》和十首钢琴练习曲。他树立了与学院风气、市民习气相对立的新的浪漫主义原则，并支持阿尔贝尼斯、斯美塔那、肖邦、柏辽兹、瓦格纳等作曲家的创作。相传贝多芬听了他的演奏后，非常赞赏他的天才，曾上台拥抱亲吻李斯特，这成为李斯特音乐成长的佳话。

1848年起他常住魏玛（Weimar），担任了魏玛宫廷乐长，并经常来往于罗马（Rome）、布达佩斯（Budapest）之间。1876年他创建了布达佩斯国立音乐院并任院长。

1886年7月31日李斯特因肺炎死于拜罗伊特（Bayreuth）。

李斯特创作活动的进步的民主主义的倾向在很大程度上是与匈牙利的民族解放运动相联系的。钢琴曲《匈牙利狂想曲》是和李斯特的名字分不开的，正如圆舞曲和施特劳斯、交响曲与贝多芬的名字分不开一样。李斯特的作品多姿多彩、极富想象力，充分挖掘了钢琴的音响功能，对演奏者的技巧提出了很高的要求。作为那个时代最杰出的钢琴家，他对键盘音乐的发展作出了重大的贡献，在他的后期作品中最早使用了20世纪才普遍采用的和声语言。它的钢琴曲已列入世界古典钢琴曲的文献宝库。

李斯特所创作的十九首钢琴曲《匈牙利狂想曲》，在他的钢琴作品中占有特殊重要的地位。这些作品不但充分发挥了钢琴的音乐表现力，而且，为狂想曲这个音乐体裁创作树立了杰出的音乐典范。这些作品部是以匈牙利和匈牙利吉普赛人的民歌和民间舞曲为基础，进行艺术加工和发展而成的，因而都具有鲜明的民族色彩。这些乐曲结构精炼、乐思丰富活跃，音乐语言与音乐表现方法同匈牙利乡村舞蹈音乐和城市说唱音乐有密切联系，乐曲的形式虽然不时的变化，可是音乐形象始终鲜明而质朴，体现了自然美和艺术美的完美统一。

他是最早把匈牙利民族音提高到世界水平的民族音乐家，他有爱国思想和民主思想，有积极要求变革生活的热情，也有怀疑和失望的消极情绪，但占主要地位的常常是前者而不是后者。李斯特是肖邦的同代人，但他离开祖国的时间比肖邦更早，因此，他的思想和创作不能简单地纳入“民族乐派”。然而，作为一个匈牙利人，李斯特对祖国的事业真诚关注；民族的历史和英雄人物，民间音乐的音调和节奏，在他的创作中都得到生动的反映和运用；加之他对东、北欧及俄罗斯青年作曲家的大力提携和鼓励，使他在欧洲民族乐派的发展上起了积极的推动作用。在他的祖国，人民始终尊崇他为伟大的“民族艺术家”。

李斯特创造了交响诗的形式，他一共创作了13首交响诗，又是现代钢琴技术的创追者之一。

李斯特最重要的作品是《浮士德交响曲》、《但丁交响曲》、《匈牙利狂想曲》、交响诗《前奏曲》、《马捷帕》、两首钢琴协奏曲、《B小调钢琴奏鸣曲》、《12首超技练习曲》和《旅行岁月》。

李斯特最值得收藏的唱片版本为:

1. 卡拉扬（Karajan）指挥柏林爱乐乐团演奏的交响诗，包括《前奏曲》、《马捷帕》、《塔索的悲伤与胜利》和《第二号梅菲斯特圆舞曲》、《匈牙利民歌幻想曲》、第二号和第五号《匈牙利狂想曲》, DG, CD编号415 967-2(两张)或447 415-2，包括《前奏曲》、《马捷帕》、《第四号甸牙利狂怒曲》和斯梅塔那的《沃尔塔瓦》，企鹅评价三星。

2. 伯恩斯坦（Bernstein）指挥坦莱沃德(Tanglewood)节日合唱团、波士顿交响乐团演奏演唱的《浮士德交响曲》, DG, CD编号447449-20企鹅评价三星。

3. 里赫特（Richter）演奏，康德拉辛指挥伦敦交响乐团的两首钢琴协奏曲，Philips, CD编号446 200-2，企鹅评价三星。

4.贝尔曼（Berman）、演奏的《旅行岁月》全集, DG,CD编号437 206-2（3张）。

5. 博列特（Bolet）演奏的《12首超技练习曲》，Decca, CD编号414 601-2。企鹅评价三星保留一星。

6. 齐夫拉（Cziffra）演奏的15首《匈牙利狂想曲》和《西班牙狂想》，EMI, CZSS 69003-2（两张），企鹅评价三星。

7. 普列特涅夫演奏的《第一号梅菲斯特圆舞由》、《艾斯特庄园水的嬉戏》、《沉思的人》、《第十五号匈牙利狂想曲》、《B小调奏鸣曲》。Melodiya，CD编号MCD172o

8. 齐伯尔斯坦(Zilberstein)演奏的《两首叙事曲》、《两首传奇》、《6首安慰曲》、改编自巴赫的《幻想曲与赋格》、《即兴曲》与《国舞曲》，DG, CD编号447 755-2。

9. 格斯特指挥约翰学院合唱团（Atkinson, Tinkler,Royall, Kendall, Suart演唱，Cleobury管风琴）的《合唱弥撒》，Decca, CD编号430 364 - 2(与德沃夏克的《D大调弥撒》同为一张)。

10. 菲舍尔·迪斯考演唱，巴伦博伊姆伴奏的歌曲集，DG, CD编号447 508-2(3张)。




German: Franz Liszt
Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc

(1811.10.22 - 1886.7.31)

Hungarian composer, pianist, conductor and music activist, romantic music one of the main representatives.

Franz Liszt on October 22, 1811, born in Hungary Reddin (Raiding, Hungary). At that time, Hungary was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Liszt's Hungarian father, the mother is Austria's Germanic people, so he has two names, namely Hungary, and the two German spelling. Liszt young German with her mother said, until his later years only by Hungarian Society of writing.

Liszt began studying music since the age of six, and shortly thereafter moved to Vienna, has as Saliaili (Antonio Salieri, or translation, Saleh), the car Erni (Carl Czerny), Leiha, Bael disciples .

1823, Liszt came to Paris, by Victor Hugo and Lamartine, Chateaubriand, and other literary Romanticism thinking of the impact of home, longing for bourgeois revolution. In music, he advocated the title music, pioneered the symphonic poem genre, for "Tassos", "Prelude" and "Hungary" Symphonic Poem a total of 13.

Liszt also affected by the impact of Paganini, the creation of the 19 "Hungarian Rhapsody" and 10 Piano Etudes. He set a trend with the Institute, the public habits opposed to the principle of the new romanticism, and support阿尔贝尼斯, Smetana, Chopin Berlioz, Wagner and other composers of the creation. Legend has it he listened to the Beethoven concert, very much appreciate his genius, had embraced kissing Liszt came to power, this is the music by Liszt growth story.

1848 from his residence in Weimar (Weimar), as the court music of Weimar, and often from Rome (Rome), Budapest (Budapest) between. In 1876 he founded the Budapest and President of the National Music Institute.

July 31, 1886, Listeria monocytogenes, died of pneumonia Bayreuth (Bayreuth).

Liszt creation of the democratic progress of the tendency is to a large extent with Hungary's national liberation movements linked. Piano, "Hungarian Rhapsody" and Liszt's name is inseparable from, as Waltz and Strauss, and Beethoven's Symphony No. inseparable from the same name. The colorful works of Liszt, very imaginative, fully tap the piano sound feature, the player's skills to a very high demand. That era as the most outstanding pianist, his keyboard music on the development made a significant contribution in his earliest works of the late 20th century to use the common language of harmony. The piano has been included in the world of classical piano literature treasure trove.

Listeria monocytogenes is the author of 19 Shougang Qinqu "Hungarian Rhapsody", in his piano works in a special importance. These works not only bring into full play the piano performance of music, and Rhapsody for the creation of this music genre has set an outstanding example of the music. These works are the Ministry of Hungary and Hungary's gypsy folk songs and folk dance as the basis for processing and art evolved, so have a distinctive national colours. These pieces of refining, Lok Si rich active, music, language and music performance method of dance music with Hungarian villages and cities with close ties to rap music, although from time to time in the form of music changes, but music has always been clear and pristine image, reflects the natural beauty and the arts The United States and the perfect unity.

He was the first to sound the Hungarian nation to the world the national level musicians, he is thinking of the patriotic and democratic ideas, have demanded changes in the lives of passion, doubt and despair have the negative sentiment, but are often dominated by the former rather than The latter. Chopin Liszt is the same generation, but the time he left earlier than Chopin, and his thinking and creativity can not be simply integrated into the "national music camp." However, as a Hungarian, Liszt on the cause of the motherland's sincere concern for the history and national hero, the folk music of the pitch and rhythm, in his creations are vivid and reflect the use of his addition to the East, the Nordic and Russia strongly Tixie young composers and encouragement of his faction in the European nation in the development of music has played a positive role in promoting. In his motherland and people have always respected him as the great "national artist."

Liszt created a symphonic poem in the form, he created a total of 13 symphonic poems, but also a modern piano technology, one of a recovery.

Listeria monocytogenes is the most important works, "Faust Symphony", "Dante Symphony", "Hungarian Rhapsody", the symphonic poem "Prelude" and "Ma Jie Pago," Piano Concerto No. 2, "B Minor Piano Sonata, "" 12 Chaoji Etudes "and" travel time. "

Listeria monocytogenes, the most favorite album version:

1. Karajan (Karajan) command the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra to perform symphonic poems, including "Prelude," "Ma Jie Pago", "Tassos sorrow and victory" and "Waltz No. 2 Meifeisite" , "Hungarian folk music Fantasia", the No. 2 and No. 5 "Hungarian Rhapsody", DG, CD No. 415 967-2 (2) or 447 415-2, including "Prelude," "Ma Jie Pago" "No. 4 Austin dental benefits Kuangnu song" Si Meita and that the "Woertawa," Penguin evaluation Samsung.

2. Bernstein (Bernstein) command Tanlaiwode (Tanglewood) Festival Chorus, Boston Symphony Orchestra concert performances of "Faust Symphony", DG, CD # 447449-20 Penguin evaluation Samsung.

3. Doherty, (Richter) performances, Kangdelaxin command of the London Symphony Orchestra Piano Concerto No. 2, Philips, CD No. 446 200-2, Penguin evaluation Samsung.

4. Berman (Berman), playing the "travel time" Complete Works, DG, CD No. 437 206-2 (3).

5. Bo out special (Bolet) to perform "12 Chaoji Etudes", Decca, CD No. 414 601-2. Penguin Samsung retained a star rating.

6. Qi Fula (Cziffra) to perform 15 "Hungarian Rhapsody" and "Spanish Rhapsody", EMI, CZSS 69003-2 (2), Penguin evaluation Samsung.

7. Prieto Tenie Fu performances of "Dance No. 1 by Meifeisite round", "Yi Site manor water play," "The Meditation" and "Hungarian Rhapsody No. 15", "B Minor Sonata. " Melodiya, CD # MCD172o

8. Qibo Falstein (Zilberstein) play the "two ballads", "two legendary", "six comfort", adapted from Bach's "Fantasia and Fugue," "Improvisation" and "States Dance ", DG, CD No. 447 755-2.

9. Ge Site conductor John College Choir (Atkinson, Tinkler, Royall, Kendall, Suart concert, Cleobury organ), "Mass Choir", Decca, CD # 430 364 - 2 (Dvorak's "D-flat Mass, "the same as one).

10.菲舍尔迪斯test concert, Barenboim set the accompaniment of songs, DG, CD No. 447 508-2 (3).

Hello, my name is[ ]。

Liszt, Ferencz [Franz Liszt] (baptized as Franciscus Liszt) (b Raiding, Hung., 1811; d Bayreuth, 1886). Hung. composer and pianist. A child prodigy, he gave his first pf. recital at age 9. Went to Vienna in 1821, having lessons from Salieri and Czerny. Played in Paris 1823 and London 1824 (where he was received by George IV). Returned to Eng. in 1825 and 1826; operetta Don Sanche was prod. in Paris, 1825, where he lived 1823-35, becoming friend of Berlioz and Chopin and of leading literary figures and painters. His fame as a virtuoso pianist, flamboyant in style and taste, was at its height. From 1833 he lived with Countess Marie d'Agoult; of their 3 children, Cosima (b 1837) became the wife of Bülow and then of Wagner. He returned to Vienna in 1838 and to London in 1840 and 1841. Until 1847 he toured widely, incl. Russia, his mistress by now being Princess Carolyn Sayn-Wittgenstein.

In 1848 he became Kapellmeister at the Weimar court, staying until 1859. In this decade he made Weimar a pre-eminent mus. centre, conducting a vast number of works, notably by Berlioz and by his friend Wagner whom he had met in 1842. In 1850 he conducted the f.p. of Lohengrin. These were also rich years for Liszt's own work; he wrote his Faust and Dante syms., 12 symphonic poems, and much else. From 1860 Liszt lived in Rome in the Villa d'Este, and in 1865 took minor orders, becoming the Abbé Liszt. He comp. much religious mus. at this period, incl. The Legend of St. Elizabeth and Christus. From 1869 he divided his time between Rome, Weimar, and Budapest, and his amorous adventures were still the talk of Europe. In the last 5 years of his life he concentrated on teaching, his pupils incl. Ziloti, Lamond, Rosenthal, and Weingartner, and entered a new and important compositional phase in which his harmonic innovations, always a significant feature, anticipated the ‘impressionism’ of Debussy, e.g. in Nuages gris and the Csárdás macabre. In 1886 he made a ‘jubilee tour’ to mark his 75th birthday, revisiting Paris and London.

As a pianist, Liszt was, from all reliable accounts, among the greatest, if not the greatest, there has ever been. His comps. have taken longer to win a rightful place, but they are now recognized as occupying a high place for their own virtues as well as for their undoubted influence on Wagner, R. Strauss, and subsequent composers. The pf. works are in a category of their own, the symphonic poems developed a new art-form, the syms. are compelling and imaginative, the religious works are moving and visionary, and the songs hold their own in high company. He remains a romantic enigma of mus., a genius with a touch of the charlatan, a virtuoso with the flair of an actor-manager, a man generous to colleagues and to the young. His championship of Wagner in the Weimar years, with its subsequent effect on Brahms and Schumann, thereby causing the great schism in 19th-cent. mus., had incalculable results on the art.

简单的：http://www.8notes.com/biographies/liszt.asp

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