伴随状语

伴随状语的用法~

定义:伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 例如：
　　①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper.
　　他坐在扶手椅里读报。
　　②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem.
　　他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。
出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态。伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。一、使用分词形式
　　The dog entered the room, following his master(这条狗跟着主人进了屋)。
　　The master entered the room,followed by his dog(主人进了屋，后面跟着他的狗)。
　　二、用with复合结构
　　The little girls were playing with snow with their hands frozen red(小女孩们在玩雪，手都冻红了)。
　　三、用独立主格结构
　　The little boy goes to school, the little dog accompanying him every day(这小孩每天去上学，那条小狗陪伴着他)。
　　四、用形容词
　　Crusoe went home, full of fear(克鲁索满怀恐惧地回家)。
　　Confident of the victory the players are fighting hard(运动员们对比赛夺胜满怀信心奋力拼搏)。
　　The match will be broadcast live(这场比赛将作实况转播)。
　　He left home young and came back old(他少小离家老大回)。
　　五、用名词
　　He went away a beggar but retumed a millionaire(他讨吃要饭离家，腰缠万贯回归)。
　　He who had been twice prime minister of the country, died civilian(他曾两度出任这个国家的总理，而死的时候却是一个平民)。
　　六、用介词短语
　　The girl came back to her mother in tears.(这女孩眼泪汪汪地回到母亲身边)。
　　How can you go to the wedding party in rags(你怎能衣衫褴褛地去参加婚宴)？
　　I went home out of breath(我上气不接下气地回家)。

我在百度找的，因为一句话是说不清楚的。

请看下面的例子：
The teacher came in, with a book in his hand.其中的with短语作伴随状语，是伴随谓语动词came出现的状况。再如：
The young man sat there, with his legs crossed. 其中的with短语也作伴随状语，是谓语动词sat同时出现的状况。

1 the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 升起了的太阳
2 the falling autumn leaves 纷纷飘落的秋叶
the fallen autumn leaves 落了的秋叶
3 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 煮沸了的水
4 fading flowers 正在凋谢的花
faded flowers 凋谢了的花
5 a moving story 动人的故事
a moved people 受感动的人
6 exciting news 振奋人心的消息
an excited audience 兴奋激昂的群众
7 the tiring work 累人的工作
a tired worker 感到疲乏的工人
8 a charming girl 迷人的姑娘
a charmed girl 着了魔法的姑娘
9 a terrifying story 令人恐怖的故事
a terrified woman 感到惊恐的妇女
10 a criticizing speech 批评性的发言
a criticized speech 遭到批评的发言

withered leaves 枯叶
settled couple 安居的夫妇
returned students 归国留学生
vanished youth 逝去的青春
assembled soldiers 集合的士兵
gone summers 过去的夏天
grown trees 长大了的树
aged painter 年迈的画家
newly-arrived guest 新到的客人
a drunken man 醉汉

so-called professor 所谓的教授
guided missile 导弹
a man-made satellite 人造卫星

un
unemployed person 失业的人
uneducated speech 没有一点水平的发言
unfounded rumors 毫无根据的谣传
undone work 未做完的工作
unknown heroes 无名英雄
unsettled question 未解决的问题

writing table 写字台
sleeping pills 安眠药
walking-stick 手杖
running-track 跑道
swimming pool 游泳池
dancing lessons 舞蹈课
waiting room 候车室
fishing rod 钓竿
flying suit 飞行服
meeting place 会场
drinking water 饮用水
frying pan 煎锅
operating table 手术台

作定语
1 A barking dog seldom bites. 叫的狗不咬人.
2 A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开.
3 A man getting up as soon as the cock crows is a hard-working man. 鸡一叫就起床的人是一个勤奋的人.
4 Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizens.小时候受过训练的孩子会成为好公民.
5 It is the best painting known. 这是最著名的画
6 He is the greatest poet living. 他是在世的最伟大的诗人.
7 They wandered in the hills for five days running. 他们一连5天在山中漫游.
8 She is a musician born. 她是一个天生的音乐家.
9 She died in the year following. 她在第二年去世了.

作表语
1 The music is much pleasing to the ear. 音乐优美悦耳.
2 They are satisfied with their present job. 他们对现在的工作很满意.
3 You are mistaken. 你错了.
4 He felt assured. 他感到有把握.
5 It looks decayed. 它看上去已经腐败了.
6 She seems unthinking. 她似乎漫不经心.
7 She grew tired of life. 她对生活厌倦了.
8 Her illness continued unchanged. 她的病仍没有好转.
9 The situation proves encouraging. 形势是令人鼓舞的.
作状语
1 Defeated, they withdrew into the valley.
2 Locked up, he had no way to escape.
3 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. 听到这个消息, 他们立即出发到上海去了.
4 Seen from the mountain, the city is a sea of trees. 从山上看,这个城市是一个树的海洋.
5 When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. 离开机场时他们向我们频频招手.
6 He opened the door, greeting his guests.他打开门, 迎接客人们.
7 She sat down, listening to their talk. 她坐了下来,听他们谈话.
8 They stopped talking, hearing a strange sound.
Hearing a strange sound, they stopped talking.
9 They stepped aside, seeing a car coming.
Seeing a car coming, they stepped aside.

感官动词后
see, observe, notice, watch, hear, smell, listen to, look at, feel, find 等.
1 She smelt something burning.
2 Listen to the birds singing beautifully in the garden.
3 She felt a great load taken off her mind.
4 He heard his name called.
5 He was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.
6 I found the city greatly changed. 我发现这座城市变化很大.
7 I found those students studying very hard. 我发现那些学生非常努力.
8 She saw the thief caught by policemen. 她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了.
9 I didn’t notice her leaving. 我没有注意到她离开.
10 She saw the wounded man being carried into the hospital.
11 He found himself being followed by a wolf.
12 He couldn’t make himself believed.

13 I saw a soldier getting on the train. (看见士兵在上火车)
I saw a soldier get on the train and disappear. (看见士兵登上了火车,消失了)
14 Do you hear door bell ringing? 门铃在响你听见了吗?
Yes, I did, I heard it ring three times. 是的,我听见门铃响了三下.
15 She heard the door slamming. 她听见门在砰砰作响.(反复的动作)
She heard the door slam. 她听见门砰的一声关上了.(一次性动作,已完成)

分词的逻辑主语与分词独立结构
分词所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出或所承受的动作。如果分词或分词短语所表示的动作不是句中主语所发出或所承受的，那就是误用。
Turning around, an old woman was seen walking towards the river.
Turning around, we saw an old woman walking towards the river.
Seen from the hilltop, he was delighted to see a wonderland of a valley.
Seen from the hilltop,, the valley looked like a wonderland.
When using this machine, the instructions must be read first.
When using this machine, you must read the instructions first.
Founded in 1961 and employed an estimated 35,000 people, the organization has gained a reputation for brutality.
Writing in terse, lucid style, the book describes the author’s childhood experiences in Louisiana just before the outbreak of the Civil War.

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语应该一致，否则，分词应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构。
1 Mary coming back, they discussed it together.
2 All being well, the project will be finished in five months.
3 Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot.
4 Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.
5 That being the case, we’d better make another plan.
6 Advice failing, we have to use force.
7 She walked the flowers, her husband feeding the birds.
8 She walked the path, her daughter following close behind.
9 This done, they went home.
10 The table set, they began to dine.
11 That ended, they went out to dinner.
12 Everything taken into consideration, his plan seems to be more workable.
13 Health and persistence given, one can do great things.
14 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.
15 He returned three days later, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into pieces.

分词的完成式和完成被动式
1 The moon having risen, they took a walk in the fields.
2 The earthquake having destroyed everything, they became homeless.
3 So much time having been spent, the work is only half done.
4 So much money having been wasted, he will be punished.

分词悬垂
1 While reading the book, the door bell rang.
2 Though troubled by heavy family cares, the work was done as well as ever.
3 By building a railway there, coal can be carried out from the mountains.
4 From attending the class, the principles of physics were made clear.

非谓语动词的用法
分析句子结构,及找出TRY的逻辑主语
All
the
students
are
jumping
up
and
down本句主谓齐全,且后面的句子与前面的主句用逗号隔开了.
由此判断该题考查非谓语动词作伴随状语.
因为TRY的逻辑主语是STUDENTS所以选择A.
B是不定式,不定式表示要去做的动作(即表将来的动作),
不能充当伴随状语.

先给你个例子
I eat the peanut watching TV.

伴随状语一定要看前面的主语，两者主语得一致，至于是用ing还是不定式，看具体语境。

看主句的主语与动作的关系 主动用现代分词 被动用过去分词
表将来则用不定式

是要看主句主语的

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