关于时间状语从句

什么是时间状语从句~

用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。

时间状语从句

§3时间状语从句（adverbial clause of time）

1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如：

When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。

When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！

Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。

Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候，请你照看一下我的衣服。

You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。

Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。

【区别】when, while和as的区别：when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比）

As表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）

As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）

2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如：

It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。

My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。

After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）

3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如：

I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

I didn't work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。

Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。

4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如：

I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例如：

I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。

The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。

【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。例如：

He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。

6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如：

By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如：

Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。

Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。

8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久……就多久”。例如：

You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。

I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。

两者的区别如下：

①when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间；

while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。

②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。

③由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如：

a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.

当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：

While we were talking, the teacher came in.

b. They were singing while we were dancing.

④when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如：

a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.

孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。

b. He is strong while his brother is weak.

他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。


when; while 当……时候
while能用when代替; 但是when却不一定能用while代替.
while+从句, 动作一定会延续
when+延续性动词/瞬间动词; when he arrived
when he died
when,while强调动作同时发生
过去进行时 :
在过去的某一点时间, 或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作
瞬间动词(arrive)无进行时态
I am arriving 进行时态表示将要
When he arrived,I was having dinner.
同时发生的两个动作, 均用过去进行时
When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking.
When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV.
同时发生的两个动作
1.一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时
2.分工的情况, 均用过去进行时
When the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building
while others were waiting on...
While...
...were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel.
表面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致,
长一点时间的动作用进行时态, 短时间的动作用过去时.
When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner.


when和while引导的时间状语从句与这一时态连用。所以区别when和while的用法成了这一单元的难点。 （一）、when，while都有“当……时候”的意思。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间 。在when引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。 例如： 1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。 2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？ 3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 （二）、while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。 例如： 1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。 2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 （三）、另外，when和while的区别还在于：while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态。 例如： 1、While they were talking , the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。 2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. 昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候，我正在做家庭作业。
when/while都可做并列连词．前者表and at that time,(这时，突然)，后者表对比，可译为”然而”

I was going downstairs when the telephone rang.

Lucy is in blue while Lily is in green.



when后加瞬间动词 while后也可加持续性动词

解析过程：
When: When he came in, we stopped eating.他进来的时候，我们都不吃了
as soon as: I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就告诉他这件事
while: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV
我妻子看报， 我看电视
While we were going out, it began to snow 我出去的时候，天开始下雪了。
until: I didn't work until he came back. 他回来我才开始工作
after: After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你经过深思熟虑之后，请告诉我你的决定。
since: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你走了以后，我就来北京了。
before: She likes everything to be in place before she starts to work 她在开始工作之前喜欢把一切都安排妥当
as: I saw her just as she was getting off the train. 我下车的时候刚好看见她
规律方法：
凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等。如果还有其他疑问，可以去“状元365”提问。

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