有关状语从句的引导词

关于状语从句中引导词的具体用法（全面）~

一、 定义：
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。
二、 分类
根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：
①时间状语从句 ②地点状语从句 ③原因状语从句
④目的状语从句 ⑤条件状语从句 ⑥结果状语从句
⑦让步状语从句 ⑧方式状语从句 ⑨比较状语从句
三、 时间状语从句
主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来；主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时；主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。记忆：“主将从现”

（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：
As, when (whenever), before, after, as soon as, until (till), since, every time, once.

（二）、 具体应用
1）“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。记忆：While 后用进行时。
While we were having supper, all the lights went out.
Please keep quiet while others are studying.
While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV.
2）When表示“就在……的时候”, while意为反而，可是，表示转折。
One evening Beethoven was walking in a street, when he suddenly stopped outside a little house.


3） Whenever 无论什么时候，随时
1. Whenever someone throws in some rubbish, the truck produces a piece of music.
每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐。
2. Whenever we’re in trouble, they will help us.
3. I go to the theatre, whenever I am free.
4. Come and see me whenever you want to.你随时来看我。

4） till和until(表示“直到……”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。
I was waiting until/till he arrived.

2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before替换。
I didn' t leave till/until she came back.

5） since: 主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。
It is two years since I have studied English.
1. We have known each other since we were children.
2. We have been friends (ever since) since we met at school.
3. It is …… (一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。
It is two years since my sister married.

……(一段时间) have/has passed since +一般过去时态句子
Two sisters have/has passed since my sister married.

Since+时间点
1. I have been at home since three o' clock this afternoon.
2. Maria has been in China since two years ago.

6）Every time, each time, next time
Every time you get back at night, you drop your boots on the floor.
Every time I catch cold, I have pain in my back.
Next time I go there, I will visit them.

7）once 一旦…就
Once you begin, you must go on. 你一开了头，就应该继续下去。

四、 地点状语从句
地点状语从句用where, wherever引导

We should go where the people need us.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。
Where there is a will, there is a way.　有志者，事竟成。
Wherever they went, they received a worm welcome.　
无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。
She follow him whose he goes. 他无论到哪里她总跟着。

五、 原因状语从句
原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导
1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。

2、 由why提问必须用because回答。
Since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。

3、 before of +名词
Because of the rain, we didn' t go to the park.

4、 because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although, but）
Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill.
Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr Smith wanted to give John a Chance.

5、 for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。
The days we short, for it is December now.

六、 目的状语从句
目的状语从句用so(常用于口语), that, so that, in order that引导
目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

1. We'll sit never to the front so we can hear well.
2. He studied hard so that he might succeed.
3. I'll speak slowly so that you can take notes.　
4. They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.
5. I took a taxi so that I could get there earlier.
6. I’m going to the lecture early so that I may get a good seat.


七、 条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if, unless, (so) as long as(只需)引导
在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）

We will miss the train if you don' t hurry.
He said we would miss the train if we didn't hurry.
You will fail the exam unless you study hard.
= (if you don’t study hard)
He won’t come unless he is invited.
= (if he isn't invited)
Eat less food unless you want to become fatter.
= (if you don’t want to become better)
As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed.
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.

八、 结果状语从句
结果状语从句由such…that, so….that, so that, that 引导
1. Such… that 的常用句型
such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that
such +形容词+可数名词单数+that
Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that

注意so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。
She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.
They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.
It was such delicious food that they ate it up.

2. so+形容词或副词+that
so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that
He is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.
He works so hard that he did everything well.
It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.
It was such a good day that we all went swimming.

3.so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句
He didn't study hard, (so) that he failed the exam.

4. Too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与so…that 替换，so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can (could) not.
She is young that she can’t go to school.
She is too young to go to school.
She isn't old enough to go to school.

九、 让步状语从句
although, though
even though = even if, whether…or
however = no matter how
whatever = no matter what
whoever = no matter who
whenever = no matter when
wherever = no matter where

*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although 更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet, still连用，但不与but连用

Although/Though they are poor, they often help others.
They are poor, but they often help others.
Although he has failed many times, he doesn' t give up trying.
Whatever/No matter what you say, I won' t believe you.
No matter what you say, I don' t care.
No matter who you are, you must obey the rules of our school.
However hard he tried, he failed again.
No matter what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out riding the waves.

十、 方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as(如同，按照)，as if (though)引导
*as和like都有“像”的意思，as是连词，后面连接句子，like是介词后面可加名词、代词或名词性短语。
I did the work as others did. 相当于 I did like others.
You must do as I do.

as if(though)两者意义相同，从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气，但实现可能性较大，则用连接词。
It seems as if/though it’s going to rain.
They are talking as if/though they were old friends.
She treats me as if I were her brother.
When you are in home，do as the Romans do.

例 You must do ______ I told you.
A. after B. before C. where D. as (D)
The students must do ______ the teacher told them.
A. as B. before C. after D. if (A)

十一、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as…as, not as(so)…as, than, the+比较级，the+比较级引导
He swims as well as you. (do)
He doesn' t swim as well as you (do).
He got here earlier than you. (did)
The busier he is, the happier he feels.

1.表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
2.原因状语从句

比较：because, since, as和for

1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2） 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
3.让步状语从句

though, although
注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.
虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain.
伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 （谚语）
4.
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.
我住的地方树很多。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都会想到你。
5.
方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

1） as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。

2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。

The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。


6.

结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。

7.条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

就这些了吧。

1、时间状语从句
When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.
当我进屋时，他正在写信。
We shall go there whenever we are free.
我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。
when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。
when I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.
我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。
while While it was raining, they went out.
天下雨的时候，他们出去了。
I stayed while he was away.
他不在的时候我在。 while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。
as He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。 as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。
before Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。 before译为在…之前
after He arrived after the game started.
比赛开始后，他到了。
till We waited till (until)he came back .
我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止” She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .
她到11点钟才停止工作。
Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.
她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。 如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直…才”“在…以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。 状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。
hardly…when no sooner…than
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就走了。
Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。 hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。
every time, by the time, the moment
等 Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.
我每次乘船都晕船。
The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.
我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。
Next time you come ,you’ll see him.
下次你来的时候，就会见到他。 在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。
where

wherever Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Where there is water there is life.
哪里有水，哪里就有生命。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。
Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
无论你去哪都要遵守法律。 where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。 because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.
昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后 since Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首
as As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。 从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
now that, seeing that Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。
Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。 seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。
that
so that
in order that

lest = for fear that
I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。
We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。
Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号
so that
so…that
We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.
我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。
He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.
他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。
so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。
such…that He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。
It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。 such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强
if unless

as/so long as

in case
so far as Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.
如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。
We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.
除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。
= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.
So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.
只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it .
万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。
So far as I know, the book will be published next month.
据我所知，那本书下月出版。
unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。
条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。

as if…
as though Draw a cat as I taught you .
按照我教你的画一只猫。
Do as you are told.
按照人家告诉你做的去做。
She looks as if she is ill.
看上去她好象是生病了。
He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。
They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。 此处as译为，按照或正如
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。

although Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.
虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。
We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.
虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。

even if
even though I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
即使明天下雨，我也要去。 even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。
as Child as he is , he knows a lot .
虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。
Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.
虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。 as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用
though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

no matter (who, what when, where which, how…) Do it no matter what others say.
不管别人怎么说,尽管干。
No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。
No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.
不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。 no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

句 wh－ever (whatever whoever whenever whichever however) Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。
Whoever comes, he will be welcome.
无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。 wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。
不可将no matter与wh—ever连用

as…as

not so/as
…as
the same
…as
such…as Mary is as old as my sister.
玛利和我姐姐一样大。
He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).
他不如杰克跑得那样快。
His book is the same as mine.
他的书和我的一样。
Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .
享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as
than She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
她今年比去年进步更大。
He bought fewer books than I (did).
他买的书比我买的少。 表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。
the more
…the more The more you read, the better you understand.
你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。
The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。
The sooner, the better.
越快越好。
The warmer, the better.
越暖和越好。 the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。
句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。
that We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .
我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。
I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.
很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。
I am afraid that I can’t go with you.
恐怕我不能同你一起去了。 that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。

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