定语从句中何时能用介词+which代替when,where,why,介词取决于什么?
在定语从句中
1、关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose
指人:who, whom, whose, that
指物:which, that,whose
2、关系副词:when,where,why
★当从句的句子完整时,用关系副词;
当从句的句子不完整时,用关系代词。
(关系代词+介词in/on/at/of等=关系副词)
作主语,先行词是人用who/that
先行词是物用which/that
eg.一个男孩a boy
一个能讲三国语言的男孩the boy who/that can speak three foreign languages
一扇门a door
一扇木制的门the door which/taht is made of wood
作宾语,先行词是人用whom/that(who)
先行词是物用which/that
eg.一个女孩a girl
一个警察正在找的女孩the girl whom/that the police are looking for
一把钥匙a key
一把我昨天弄丢了的钥匙the key which/that I lost yesterday
whose 作定语,先行词可以使人,也可以是物,形式为whose + n.
一位学生a student
一位母亲生病的学生the student whose mother is ill
一个房子a house
一个窗子面朝南的房子the house whose windows face south
eg.I saw a tree. Its leaves were black.
→I saw a tree whose leaves were black.
=I saw a tree of which the leaves were black.
先行词指人:
whose + n. =the + n.+ of whom(或of whom + the + n.)
先行词指物:
whose + n. =the + n.+ of which(或of which.+ the + n.)
一般来说关系副词=介词+关系代词
如:why=for which
where=to which
when=during which
whose=of which
具体加什么介词,视情况而定。
1句中,用on比较好:4句中,用during比较好。
当定语从句所修饰的先行词是表示时间的名词时,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语。在口语中可以用that代替when,也可以用介词+which来代替when。
当定语从句修饰表示地点的名词时,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语从句。
当定语从句所修饰的词是表示原因的词,用why,在定语从句中作原因状语。
当定语从句先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系,表达“……的”意思时,用关系代词whose 引导定语从句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物。指物时用of which,指人时用of whom。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
关系副词在从句中作地点状语,时间状语,原因状语等。
关系副词=介词+关系代词。
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
2、关系副词where的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。
例如:Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
3、注意不要以为在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where,到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。如:He works in the factory where his father worked. 他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)
建议你先看看状语是什么吧,好判断到底用关系副词还是关系代词。
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