高中状语从句的问题
1:“假如,设若”的意思,provided(加that)做连词可引导条件状语从句,eg.:Provided (that) circumstances permit,we will visit England.如果情况允许,我们就去英国访问。
2:while ”虽然”是连词,引导让步状语从句时意义相当于although,但只能位于句首。
since一般作“既然”解,引导原因状语从句,相当于as,但比较正式,可位于句中,通常位于句首。
3:两者引导方式状语从句,用法和意义基本相同,只是as if 更常用一些。
4:as可引导时间状语从句“当”,也可引导方式状语从句“与。。。一样”,还有让步状语从句“虽然”。
5:whether的意思是“是。。。还是不是”“无论。。。还是”一般与or not 连用,引导带选择性的分句。
whatever的意思是“无论什么”,起加强语气的作用。
6:~ever这类词皆引导让步状语从句,表“无论。。。”的意思,whoever“无论谁”做主语,whatever“无论如何,无论什么” whomever “无论谁”做宾语whichever“无论哪个” ,wherever”.无论哪里“whenever”无论何时“,一般可根据句义来挑选。
7:who 就是”谁“的意思,引导宾语和主语从句,whoever是”无论谁“的意思,引导让步状语从句,但从中文意思就很好区分选择了。
状语从句
由从句担任的状语,在句子中可修饰谓语(或其它动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子,它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
(一)时间状语从句
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) … when, every time等引导。
e.g. When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
He started as soon as he received the news.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
No sooner had I gone to bed than I went to sleep.
(二)原因状语从句
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然)等,for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。
e.g. He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
As it is raining, I will not go out.
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
(三)地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
e.g. Sit wherever you like.
Make a mark where you have a question.
(四)目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so, so that(从句谓语常有情态动词), in order that, in case(以防,以免)等。
e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
He left early in case he should miss the train.
(五)结果状语从句
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由so that (从句谓语一般没有情态动词), so … that, such … that等引导。
e.g. She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
He was so excited that he could not say a word.
She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
(六)条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意:条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
e.g. If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
So far as I know(据我所知), he will be away for three months.
You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
(七)让步状语从句
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …) 等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.
(八)方式状语从句
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。
e.g. You must do the exercise as I show you.
He acted as if nothing had happened.
(九)比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。
e.g. I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
(十)使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be ,就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。
e.g. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
If (you are) asked you may come in.
If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。
e.g. You are to find it where you left it.(地点状语从句)
Tell me the address where he lives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
I don’t know where he came from.(宾语从句)
Where he has gone is not known yet.(主语从句)
This place is where they once hid.(表语从句)
希望能够帮到楼主
在as though从句中,表示过去想象中的动作或情况,从句用过去完成时。
世界末日要到来了,是与事实相反,并且它的从句用的是过去式,所以选择as if.
as在时间状语中,表示一边~~一边~~与主句的谓语动词同时发生。
as在原因状语中,通常置于句首。
as在让步状语中,常常以部分倒装的句式出现,并含有强调的意味。注意要把在从句中作表语的名词、形容词,或修饰谓语动词的副词放在从句谓语之前。当作表语的单数可数名词位于句首时,名词前的不定冠词要省略。意为 尽管,虽然
as在方式状语中,意为就像,如同。
whether和whatever是两个不一样的词性,前者是连词,可以引导整个句子,常常与or not连用。
whatever是代词,可以引导主语从句和状语从句,但是no matter what只能引导状语从句。
对于who和whoever,从字义就可以对其进行区分,前者是谁,后者是任何人中的一个,此外就从语法结构上来区分,who是一个特殊疑问词,用于疑问句和定语从句,whoever既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导状语从句。 Whoever broke the windows will be ponished。这是whoever引导的名词性从句中的主语从句。如果要将上面的whoever改成who的话,就必须在who的前面加上anyone。
provided that有如果的意思还有鉴于,在·····条件下得意思,可放于句中,句首。I will go, provided that you go too.
I 'll come provided ( that ) i be well enough .
while做虽然,尽管的意思讲时,分句和主句的对比含义明显。例:While I like the color of the hat, I do not like its shape.
since作为连词有既然,虽然的意思,放在句首句中。
when做虽然讲时通常位于句中,while位于句首,when有时会同时兼有时间状从和让步状从,例:He walks when he might take a taxi.而while比when更正式一些。
我已经毕业了,有些东西也差不多忘了一些,回答你的问题,让我又重新翻看以前的笔记。
希望对你的疑问有帮助。
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