请问英语虚拟语气的用法

请问英语虚拟语气的用法~

退时态：真实语气中的现在时变成过去时，过去时变成过去完成时，将来时变成过去将来时
1．条件句中：
 If it were not for…；If it hadn’t been for…这两种句型表示“要是没有”，相当于but for
If it had not been for the PLA man, he would not be studying English now.
 if…only…（或If only…）表示“要是…就好了”
1．名词性从句：
 demand/suugest/order/insist/propose/request/ask/advise/prefer/command/desire that…
They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.
由insist引导的宾语从句可以虚拟也可以不虚拟：
He insisted that he was right.坚持认为
He insisted that we should agree with him.坚持某事
由suggest引导的宾语从句可以虚拟也可以不虚拟：
His white face suggests that his not healthy.表明
He suggested that we have a rest.建议

If I could only see him once!
If only I had listened to your advice. 很明显，这种句型省略了主句
2．其他状语从句中：
 as if/as though/even if…
Tom looked sad as if he had heard bad news.
I won’t lend you any money even I had money.
3．名词性从句：
 wish that…（hope后的宾语从句不虚拟）
I wish I were as strong as you.
How I wish it wasn’t raining!
 would rather/would sooner/had rather that…表示“宁愿”
I would rather they came tomorrow.
I could go myself but I would sooner you went.
I had rather you told him than I did.
 It is time/high time that…
It is time we went to bed.
+(should) do：

虚拟语气
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。

常这样用的形容词有：

appropriate适当的advisable适当的，合理的better较好的desirable理想的essential精华的imperative迫切的important重要的insistent坚持的natural自然的necessary必要的preferable优越的，较好的strange奇怪的urgent紧迫的vital极其重要的

过去分词有：

desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required等。

例如：

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’hearts.赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。

It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。

2.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、命令、主张、目的和愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。

常这样用的名词有：

resolution决心，决议pray恳求decision决议motion提议suggestion建议preference选择proposal提议advice劝告recommendation推荐desire愿望demand要求requirement要求order命令necessity必要性request要求idea主意、想法例如：

He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospitably entertained.他下令热情款待这些客人。

His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.他提议我们应该摈弃这些不良习性。

3.宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。其形式为：（should）+动词原形。常这样用的动词有：

ask要求advise劝告determine决定decide决定command命令insist坚持intend打算move提议prefer宁愿propose提议order命令recommend推荐request要求require要求suggest建议urge主张demand要求desire渴望direct命令例如：

He insisted that the meeting be put off.他要求推迟那个会议。

They proposed that all the plans should be discussed at the meeting.他们建议所有的计划都应该在会上讨论。

2）在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中也可以用虚拟语气，其形式为：（should）+动词原形。这一句型中使用的形容词（宾补）与主语从句中的虚拟语气所使用的形容词相同。例如：

We think it advisable that he (should) think deeply before acting.我们认为他在行动之前好好考虑一下才是明智的。

3）wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。

其主要形式有三种：

表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish +主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ had +过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish +主语+ would +动词原形。

例如：

I wish I knew what was going to happen.但愿我能知道要发生什么事。

She wished she had stayed at home.她懊悔的是她当时要是在家就好了。

I wish I were rich.我恨不得我很有钱。

注意：在表示对过去情况的虚拟时，有时也可以用下列形式：

wish +主语+ would（could）+ have +过去分词I wish I could have seen her last night.要是我昨天晚上能够见到她那该多好。

4. if条件句中的虚拟语气形式1）if非真实条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的主句与从句都用虚拟语气。

在if非真实虚拟条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词主要有下面几种形式：

假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去时（be用were）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形与过去事实相反Had +过去分词Should（would，could, might）+ have +过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去时（should+动词原形，were to +动词原形）Should（would，could，might）+动词原形

If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.假如没有引力，我们就不可能行走。

I wouldn’t have known what these were for if I hadn’t been told.假如别人不告诉我，我就不知道这些东西是干什么的了。

2）正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将were，had, should等助动词（不包括行为动词）提到主语前面。如果句中没有were，had或should时，既不能省略if，也不能倒装。例如：

Were I to meet him tomorrow (= If I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it.要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。

Had I had the money last year (= If I had had the money last year), I would have bought the house.如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。

Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply.假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。

3）通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式。例如：

If I were you, I would have taken his advice.我要是你，我就采纳了他的建议。（从句指现在，主句指过去）

If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing still better.如果气候更适宜一些，庄稼会长得更好。（从句指过去，主句指现在）

5.含蓄虚拟条件句1）有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but等。例如：

Without your help (=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功的。

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.他昨天很累，不然他就参加那个聚会了。

2）在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语动词用should/ would be形式和should/ would have been虚拟形式。例如：

Any men in his position would have done like that.任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。

You should (ought to) have come earlier.你本应来得早点。

6.其他句型中的虚拟语气1）在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might as well和would prefer等后面所跟的从句中，也可以用虚拟语气，表示愿望，意为“宁愿、但愿”。其形式为：

①“would rather (would sooner…) +主语+谓语动词过去式”表示现在或将来的情况。

②“would rather (would sooner) +主语+动词过去完成式”表示过去的情况。例如：I’d rather he didn’t go now.要是他现在不走就好了I’d just as soon you had been here yesterday.要是你昨天在这里就好了。

2）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“（should）+动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：

It is time that the boy (should) go to school.这个小孩该上学了。

It is high time (that) the weather improved.天气真该好起来了。

3）在“if only”引起的感叹句中也要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。

形式为：①用过去时或“would/ could +动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。

②过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：

If only you would listen to our advice.要是你听我们的建议就好了。

If only I had not been busy last week!要是上周我不忙该多好啊！

If only she could marry me.但愿她能嫁给我。

注：if only也可以用于虚拟条件句中。例如：

If only I had more money, I could buy a car.要是我有更多的钱，我就可以买辆车了。

4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…lest (in case, for fear that) +主语+ should +动词原形”。Lest, for fear that句中的should可以省去，in case句中的should通常不省去，但是in case句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain.他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you.我不会做声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur.在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。

虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。

一、 动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1． 用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish the were at home this time.

2． 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或could+现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much。

3． 用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow 。

二、 用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
（一） 表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
1． 与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他
主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他
例：If I were you, I would go with him.
2． 与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
3．表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他
主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形
例：If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.

(二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1． 从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2． 从句表示将来，主句表示过去。
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
3． 从句表示过去，主句表示将来。
If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
4．从句表示将来，主句表示现在。
If we shouldn' t have an exam this afternoon. I would go
shopping now.

三、 可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气 由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：
John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)

四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order
表示“主张”的：maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist
例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirment, advice, order,decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去“should”，例：
The advice is that we (should) leave at once.
He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly
welcomed.
五、在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气

美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有：
表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl。
表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended,
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital
表示“适当、较好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable
表示“可能”的：probable, possible
表示“命令”的：ordered
例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.

六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1．“Iest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“shuld+动词原形”。
He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.
2．“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。
All things, whether you know or don' t know, exist in the world.
3．用“would rather/had rather' would just as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。

Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as
soon) you die.
I would rather you go tomorrow.
I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
4．用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there,
but she said she liked to stay in China.
5．在“It is（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。
It is hihg (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意与“This is the first/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
6．用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）
Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live
7．由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）
They are willing surrender provided they are given free
passage.
8．在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。
Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the
theatre with you.
Were it not for your help. I wouldn' t be succeed.

IF I HAD TOLD YOU THE TRUTH,HE WOULD NOT HURT.

IF YOU WORK HARD NOW,YOU WERE TO GET MASS OF MONEY.

I REALLY WISH THAT HE WERE TO BEIJING

Should do

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平遥县13727527588： 英语中虚拟语气的用法 - ？
登券消咳： 虚拟语气的用法 1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.May you be happy.May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快.May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久.Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!You go ...

平遥县13727527588： 在英语中虚拟语气怎么使用？
登券消咳： 虚拟语气是一项语法难点,为了让学员们便于理解与记忆,我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论: 1.名词从句中的虚拟语气 标志词+should+动词原形 2.条件从句中的虚拟语气 ①三种基本态 ②倒装虚拟句 ③混时虚拟句 ④含蓄虚拟句 ⑤跳层虚拟句 ...

平遥县13727527588： 英语虚拟语气的语句有哪些?怎么用?例如if从句的虚拟用法 - ？
登券消咳：[答案] 条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果.条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式. 时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 将来 动词过去式(be用were) ...