被动语态的用法

被动语态的用法（特殊）~

被动语态的特殊用法:
Man:All the criminals got shot in the crossfire.
在交火时罪犯全部被击中.
主词+get+过去分词在多数情况下不接by+受词
Man:Serve them right!
报应!
Man:Your vice has to be paid for.
你们的罪行是要付出代价的.
带有不定词的被动结构.
Man:The man hasn't had his fingernails cut for ten years.
这个男人十年没剪指甲了.
have无被动语态,但可用于"主词+have(or get)+受词+过去分词"结构,表示受词被…,多用于叫人或雇人用某事.
Man:This has never been heard of before.
以前从未听说过这种事.
动词+介系词或动词+副词用于被动结构时,动词之后的介系词或副词不可拆开或丢掉.
Man:Your coffee smells great.
你的咖啡味道好极了.
联系动词如fell,prove,smell,sound,taste等,主词指事物时,用主动形式表被动意思.
Woman:Want to drink If only you can enter.
想喝吗 只要你能进去.
Woman:The key is in the room.
钥匙在屋子里面.
Woman:The door blew shut.
门是被吹得关上的.
可用于主词+动词+主词补语(形容词或过去分词)结构的不及物动词如blow,wear,用主动的形式表被动意义.
Woman:I have no key at hand.
我手头上没钥匙.
Woman:The door won't open.
这门打不开了.
不及物动词如lock,move,open,shut等,与can't,won't连用而主词又指物时,用主动形式表被动意义.
Man:I see. It is only a piece of cake.
明白了.这还不容易.
1.主词+get+过去分词在多数情况下不接by+受词.
2.主词+have(or get)+受词+过去分词表示被……,叫人或雇人作某事.
3.连系动词smell,sound,taste等,主词指事物时,用主动形式表被动意义.
被动语态的使用:
Jane:It's no fun standing here.What shall we do next Suggestions will be heartily appreciatec.
站在这儿真没意思.我们接下来做什么呢 诚恳欢迎的出建议.
为使语气委婉,有意不说出动作appreciate的发出者时用被动语态.
Jane:Tom,when were you born
汤姆,你是哪年出生的
Tom:I was born in 1979.
我出生于1979年.
不知道或不必指明动动作bear的发出者时用被动语态.
Peter:You are two years older than I am. You say first.
你比我大两岁,你先说.
Tom:Let's go to the observatory.
我们去天文馆吧.
Peter:What's for
为什么
Tom:To learn about the origin of the universe.
去了解宇宙的起源.
Peter:The origin of the universe will never be explained.
宇宙的起源大概永远不会有答案.
不知道或不必指明动动作explain的发出者时用被动语态.
Jane:Peter is right. The plan was canceled.
彼得说得有理.这个计划取消了.
要强调或突出动cancel的承受者时用被动语态.
Jane:Let's go to see a new movie.
我建议大家去看一部新电影.
Peter:What is the movie about
电影是有关什么方面的
Jane:It is about a king who loved his people and was loved by them.
是关于国王爱人民,也为人民所爱的.
为了修辞的需要,避免变换主词或过长的主词时用被动语态.
Peter:No,no big fun.
不好,没意思.
Jane:Peter,do you have any good suggestion
彼得,你有什么好建议吗
Peter:Yes, let's look at a picture together. The picture was drawn by my cousin.
有.咱们一起来看幅画吧.这幅画是我表哥画的.
was drawn为be+过去分词结构,是被动被语态句,表动作.
Jane:The picture is well drawn.
这幅画画得很好.
Is drawn 为联系动词+主词被语结构,表主词特征或状态.
被动语态用得不如主动语态多,但在某些情况下须要用或宜用被动语态.
1,不知道或不必指明动作的发出者时用被动语态.
2,要强调或突出动作的承受者时用被动语态.
3,为了使语气委婉,有意不说出动作的发出者地用被动语态.
4,为了修辞的需要,避免变换主词或过长的主词时用被动语态.
被动语态之时态:
被动语态的动词由"be动词接过去分词(be+p.p.)"构成.
过去分词之前的be动词的时态,即表示出被动语态的动词的时态.
1,现在式:主词+am(is,are)+过去分词+by+受词.
2,过去式:主词+was(were)+过去分词+by+受词.
3,未来式:主词+shall(will)+be+过去分词+by+受词.
4,现在进行式:主词+am(is, are)+being+过去分词+by +受词.
5,现在完成式:主词+have(has)+been+过去分词+by +受词.
Peter:I wasn't invited, I wish I didn't disturb you.过去式
我没有被邀请,希望没打搅你.
Jane:Absolutely not. Excuse the mess——the house is being painted.现在进行式
当然没有.对不起这里很乱,房子正在油漆.
Peter:What makes you paint the house
怎么想起刷房子来了
Jane:We are going to have a party here.
在我家将举行一个聚会.
Jane:Some old friends of mine will be inveted by me. 未来式
我将邀请几个老朋友.
Peter:This house must have a long history. So it is diffcult to paint.
这房子有一定年头了.刷起来很困难.
Jane:The house had been built by my grandfather by 1960.过去完成式
1960年我的祖父就已经建成房子了.
Peter:It is not an easy job.
是不太好做.
Jane:But everything will have been done by the end of the week.未来完成式
不过最晚到本周底,一切都会搞定的.
Peter:House painting is always done by me at home.现在式
在家的时候,房子总是我来刷.
Peter:I would like to help you if you need.
如果需要,我愿意帮助你.
Jane:Oh, great. Take this!
噢,太好了,拿着!
Jane:Ok,let's go. I'll treat you to dinner!
好了,走,我请你吃饭.
Peter:Oh,that is great!
噢,太好了!
Jane:Where is the door
门呢
Peter:Oh, it is terrible!
糟糕!
Jane:You have painted the door!
你把门也刷上漆了!
主语变被动语态:
主动语态变为被动语态,主词变为介系词by的受词,受词变为主词,人称代名词的格也要变化.
Peter, I heard you hit him.(主)
Peter, I heard he was hit by you.(被)
2,主动语态变为被动语态,句子的时态保持不变.
3,主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主词,被动语态中可省略受词.
Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)
Jane:Peter,I heard he was hit by you.――――peter, I heard you hit him.
彼得,我听说他被你打了.
主动语态变为被动语态,主词变为介系词by的受词,受词变为主词,人称代名词的格也要变化.
Peter:I should not be blamed (by you).--- You should not blame me.
你不该责怪我.
在第一个助动词后,主动语态变为被动语态,句子的时态保持不变.
Peter:Tom was hurt by himself.-----Tom hurt himself.
汤姆自己受的伤.
主动语态的形式为:主动语态的主词+be+过去分词.
Peter:Is this cake for Tom
这是给汤姆的蛋糕吗
Jane:Yes.是的
Peter:How big it is!可真够大的
Jane:What will you give to Tom 你送什么给汤姆
Peter:A toy will be given to Tom (by me).---- I will give Tom a toy.
Tom will be given a toy (by me).
我给汤姆一个玩具.
一些与格动词的被动语态能有两种形式.
Jane:Please open the door.--------Open the door please.(主动)
请开门.
祈使句的被动语态形式为:let+受词+be+过去分词.
Tom:Jane, come in!
珍,快进来.
Tom:A big cake is brought to me (by you).----You brought me a big cake.(主)
你带给我一个大蛋糕.
主动句中动词bring的直接受词a big cake作被动句中的主词.与格的动词如write,make,bring等的被动语态只能以直接受词作主词.
Jane:How do you know I bring a cake to you.
你怎么知道我给你带了一个蛋糕呢
Tom:You were heard to talk with Peter.----I heard you talk with Peter.(主)
在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的原形动词,在被动语态中用不定词.
Tom:Peter,show me that toy. I can't wait.
彼得,让我看看那个玩具.我等不及了.
主词变为介系词by的受词,受词变为主词,人称代名词的格也要变化.
主动语态:主词+动词+受词
被动语态:主词+be动词+原动词的过去分词+by+动作者
For exemple: You hit him.你打了他.(主动)
He was hit by you.他被你打了.(被动)

两句都是错误的

呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈

被动语态小结
    一、语态概述   
  英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。    主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。   
例如:Many people speak Chinese.  
  谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 
   被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 
   二、被动语态的构成  
  被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
    一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken   
一般过去时:was/were+spoken  
  一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken   
现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken 
   过去进行时:was/were being+spoken  
  现在完成时:have/has been+spoken 
   过去完成时:had been + spoken
    三、被动语态的用法
    (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。    例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)     This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。 
   (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。    例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。   
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。    Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
    四、主动语态变被动语态的方法  
  (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 
   (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。   
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:    All the people laughed at him.    He was laughed at by all people.    They make the bikes in the factory.    The bikes are made by them in the factory.    He cut down a tree.    A tree was cut down by him.    
五、含有情态动词的被动语态    含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。   
We can repair this watch in two days.   
This watch can be repaired in two days.  
  They should do it at once.   
It should be done at once. 
   六、特殊情况     1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.  
  The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.   
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .  
  I am never let to watch TV by mother.  
  3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now. 
   (1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.   
(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.

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