英文版西班牙简介哟!?

西班牙的英文介绍~

楼上的维基百科的英文
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西班牙，正式名称为西班牙王国（西班牙语：Reino de España；英语：Kingdom of Spain），是一个位于欧洲西南部的国家。

西班牙拥有悠久的历史。在公元前35,000年前后，西班牙就出现了智人。公元前九世纪左右腓尼基人、古希腊人、迦太基人以及凯尔特人开始进入伊比利亚半岛。随后到了公元前218年，罗马人开始占领伊比利亚半岛。罗马人的入侵对现代西班牙的语言、宗教和法律产生了深远的影响。公元四世纪，日耳曼部落入侵。到公元五世纪，西班牙被西哥特人征服，随后在公元711年，穆斯林的北非人摩尔人入侵西班牙，西班牙人开始了驱逐入侵者的战争。这场战争持续到1492年。在1512年，西班牙完成了统一。

15世纪末，西班牙已经成为一个殖民大国，逐渐成为西班牙帝国(Spanish Empire)。16世纪，西班牙通过在美洲获得的巨大财富成为欧洲最强大的国家。但是然而由此引发的持续反抗斗争最终使得西班牙的国力衰退下来。18世纪的君主王位继承战争使得西班牙陷入了毁灭的灾难，西班牙先后失去了比利时、卢森堡、米兰等地。随着19世纪法国拿破仑的入侵，西班牙在整个19世纪的大部分时间都在进行反抗斗争。这时期西班牙开始失去她在美洲的殖民地，并最终导致了1898年的美西战争。

20世纪的初期曾经带来的一段时期的和平，独裁统治（1923年—1931年）结束后第二共和国诞生。随着政党的日益增多，以及其他各方面的压力，连同未受控制的暴力活动，导致了1936年七月发生了西班牙内战。接着国家主义者打败共和党人上台，弗朗西斯科·佛朗哥开始对西班牙实施长达36年的独裁统治。

然而，在20世纪60年代到70年代里，西班牙转变成为一个拥有繁荣旅游业的现代工业经济国家，佛朗哥将军于1975年9月去世，在此之前他指定了胡安·卡洛斯王子作为他的后继者。胡安·卡洛斯王子假装答应接受了国王以及国家元首的头衔，但却开始领导西班牙向更文明的现代化民主国家转变，特别是反对了1981年的政变企图。1976年7月国王任命原国民运动秘书长阿·苏亚雷斯为首相，开始向西方议会民主政治过渡。这标志着西班牙同佛朗哥专制制度的彻底决裂。西班牙在1982年加入了北大西洋公约组织，随后在1986年，西班牙加入了欧洲联盟。

A Glossary of Cooking Terms and Ingredients

The tapa tradition is as important for the conversation and company as for the delicious food. Every Spaniard has his favorite tasca, as the tapa bars are called, where he goes regularly to meet his friends or business acquaintances. Tapas will be found in even the smallest bar in a tiny village. The word tapa, meaning cover or lid, is thought to have originally referred to the complimentary plate of appetizers that many tascas, would place like a cover on one's wine glass. Tapas can vary from simple to complex and include cheese, fish, eggs, vegetable dishes, dips, canapes, and savory pastries. A quantity of tapas can make an excellent meal.

Olive oil is indispensable in preparing many of the recipes. Chorizo is the best-loved Spanish sausage and blood sausage is also popular throughout Spain. Vegetables are not overly favored, except for potatoes, which often come fried with an entree. Salads are served as first courses and are invariably offered undressed, accompanied by cruets of oil and vinegar.

Fish and bean soups can make a meal. Paellas provide colorful and festive dishes for a crowd. A beachside cafe is the place to find fine shellfish and tackle a tray of unshelled ultra-fresh crustaceans. Game birds have wide appeal in Spain. Baby lamb and pig have reached cult status and are often prepared in a woodburning oven with thyme, rosemary or oak for fragrance.

The Arabs and Moors left their influence in dessert making, introducing almonds, egg yolks, and honey. Orange and lemon zest also play a role in flavoring sweets. Ground almonds often replace flour in cake baking and beaten egg whites are invariably the leavening agent in cakes.

A panaderia sells bread, while a pasteleria provides sweet breads, pastries, cookies, and candies. A helageria dispenses ice cream and a bomboneria is a candy shop.


Cookbooks

The Foods and Wines of Spain
by Penelope Casa
This comprehensive book covers the traditional cooking of Spain, from the mountain villages and seaside ports to the fashionable restaurants. A survey of Spain's wines and sherries is included.

The Spanish Table
by Marimar Torres
Over 200 recipes from all regions are included in this book along with an authoritative tour of Spain's wineries.

The Wine and Food of Spain
by Jan Read, Maite Manjon, and Hugh Johnson This comprehensive color-enriched book covers the geography, history, restaurants, wineries, and recipes of Spain's varied regions. Descriptions of visits to the vineyards of the great wine producers combine with entertaining accounts of the wine-making traditions of each region.

The Food of Spain and Portugual
by Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz
Authentic recipes are presented by this noted London author.

Tapas
by Ann and Larry Walker
A tantalizing collection of tapas, both hot and cold, ideal for entertaining.

From Tapas to Meze
by Joanne Weir
The author features more than 220 recipes for first courses from the Mediterranean shores of Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Middle East, and North Africa.


Foods and Cooking Equipment

Azafr噉
saffron, an Arab word for yellow. Stigmas of a purple crocus flower.

Bacalao
dried salted codfish.

Butifarra sausage
a white sausage popular in Cataluna.

Cazuelas
glazed earthenware dishes.

Chorizo
the most typical Spanish sausage, heavily scented with paprika and garlic.

Piment枭
paprika, or ground sweet red pepper, from Spain.

Turr枭
an almond and honey candy of Arab origin that comes in a hard bar and in a soft marzipan-like form.


Recipes

Potato Omelet (Tortilla Espanola)
makes 4 servings

1/3 cup olive oil
4 large potatoes, peeled and sliced 1/8-inch thick
Coarse salt
1 large onion, thinly sliced
4 eggs

Heat three tablespoons of the oil in a 9-inch non-stick skillet and add the potato slices and onions, salting lightly. Cook slowly, lifting and turning occasionally, until tender but not brown. Beat the eggs, add the potatoes and let sit a few minutes. Add the remaining oil to the skillet, heat until very hot, and add the potato and egg mixture, spreading it with a pancake turner. Lower heat to medium, shake pan to keep potatoes from sticking, and when brown underneath, place a plate on top and invert, then slide back into the skillet and brown the other side.


Gazpacho Andalusian
makes 8 servings

1 large cucumber, peeled and coarsely chopped
1 sweet white onion, coarsely chopped
6 large tomatoes, peeled and coarsely chopped
4 or 5 garlic cloves, minced
1 can (10-1/2 ounces) condensed beef broth
3 tablespoons each white wine vinegar and olive oil
2 slices sourdough French bread
1 small carrot, peeled and grated
1/2 cup water
Salt and pepper to taste
Condiments: chopped green onions, croutons, diced avocado

Place the cucumber, onion, tomatoes, garlic, broth, vinegar, oil, bread, and carrot in a blender and blend until almost smooth. (Prepare in two batches if necessary.) Thin to desired consistency with water and season with salt and pepper. Chill. Serve in bowls, passing condiments to be spooned into the soup.


Rice with Shellfish (Paella con Molluscs)
makes 8 servings

1 onion, finely chopped
2 garlic cloves, minced


1 large tomato, peeled and chopped
1/4 cup olive oil
1-1/2 cups long-grain white rice
1/2 teaspoon saffron
1 bottle (8 oz.) clam juice
1 1/2 cups hot water
1/2 cup dry white wine
16 large prawns, unshelled
16 small butter, rock or steamer clams, unshucked
1 crab, cooked and cracked or 8 very small lobster tails, cooked
1 package (10 ounces) frozen tiny peas, blanched for two minutes in boiling water
1/2 pound baby asparagus, parboiled (optional)
1 jar (2 ounces) sliced pimiento
Lemon wedges

In a large frying pan or four-quart casserole, saut?onion, garlic, and tomato in oil until vegetables are glazed. Add the rice, saffron, clam juice, water, and wine. Cover and simmer for 20 minutes. Arrange prawns and clams on top, cover and steam until the clam shells open. Transfer to a large paella pan or serving casserole. Add the crab, peas, asparagus, and pimiento. Heat through or keep warm in a low oven until serving time. Garnish with lemon wedges.


Rice with Chicken (Arroz Con Pollo)
makes 4 to 6 servings

2 tablespoons olive oil
3 pound broiler-fryer, cut in pieces
1 garlic clove, minced
1/2 cup chopped onion
1 green or red pepper, seeded and chopped
3 tomatoes, diced
2 cups chicken broth
1 cup rice
1/4 teaspoon cayenne
2 teaspoon salt
Pinch saffron

Garnish:
3/4 cup cooked tiny peas
1 pimiento, cut into strips

In a large skillet, heat one tablespoon oil and brown the chicken well on all sides. Remove from pan and add the garlic, onion, and pepper and saut?until the onion is golden. Return the chicken to the skillet, add remaining oil, and saut?for 15 minutes. Add tomatoes and broth, bring to a boil. Add rice and seasonings. Cover and simmer over low heat until the chicken and rice are tender and the liquid is absorbed, about 20 minutes. Garnish with peas and pimiento.


Flan
makes about 8 servings

1 1/4 cups sugar
3 1/2 cups milk
6 eggs
2 egg yolks
Zest of 1 lemon

In a saucepan, heat 1/2 cup of the sugar over moderate heat, shaking the pan frequently, until the sugar melts and turns amber. Pour at once into a 1-1/2 quart ring mold and quickly tilt the mold in all directions to coat the bottom and sides evenly. Heat the milk, but do not boil. Beat together the eggs and egg yolks just until blended, then beat in the remaining sugar and vanilla. Gradually stir in the hot milk. Pour the mixture into the caramel-lined mold and place in a pan of hot water. Bake in a preheated 325� oven for one hour or until a knife inserted comes out clean. Let the custard cool, then chill it. To serve, run a knife around the sides of the mold to loosen the custard. Place a large round platter over the mold and quickly invert; lift off the mold.


Wines

Ideally, the wines of Spain are the best accompaniments to the regional dishes. Rioja wines from north-central Spain are considered premium in quality. Another area that makes top-notch wines is Penedes, near Barcelona. All regions, however, have vines under cultivation.

The making of wine in Spain dates back over 2000 years, but the production of quality wines is a more recent development, dating back to the last century. Enterprising Frenchman came to Spain to renew their wine production when Phylloxera hit the French vineyards. They found these areas met their requirements and as the French prospered, the Spanish learned new wine-making techniques.

Climate and grape variety are two of the components that make Rioja wines unique. The third is the laborious process of barrel aging, and the wines spend many years in bottles in the bodegas before being released for sale.

A third region is Valladolid, where Vega Scilia produces the most expensive Spanish wine on the market today.

Sherry takes its name from its place of origin, Jerez, in southwest Spain. Its history goes back thousands of years, when Phoenician settlers introduced grape vines to the area. Only Jerez has all the optimum conditions for sherry production with the complex interplay of air, sun, soil, aging and tradition.

Sherries are blended and fortified wines and fall into several styles: Fino -- very dry or dry; Manzanilla -- very dry; Amontillado -- medium dry; Oloroso -- medium sweet; and Cream -- sweet.

Spanish brandies made by the French Cognac process are of exceptionally fine quality. Most come from Jerez, although the Torres company in Cataluna is producing excellent ones for export.

Sparkling Spanish wines are also made by French methods, developed in Champagne. Codorniu is the top name in the field; another firm, Freixenet, is widely distributed.


Restaurants in the Bay Area

Esperpento
3295-22nd Avenue (Mission District)
San Francisco
(415) 282-8867
Lunch or dinner Monday through Saturday with a variety of tapas. Main course specials, paella, house-made flan, and sangria or Spanish wines are served.

Alejandro's
1840 Clement Street (Richmond District)
San Francisco
(415) 668-1184
Over 40 tapas are served in this Spanish/Peruvian restaurant but paella is the dish to order and flan is the specialty dessert.


Traveling to Spain

Contact the Spanish Government Tourist Office for information on all aspects of travel to and in Spain. 665-5th Avenue
New York, NY 10022
phone (212) 759-8822
fax (212) 980-1053

or 8383 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 960
Beverly Hills, CA 90212
phone (213) 658-7188
fax (213) 658-1061

For lodging in Spain, the well-known Parador system consists of 86 inns and mountain lodges, ranging from remodeled castles to modest inns in remote areas. All have restaurants that serve regional specialties. For information and bookings contact the Paradores Madrid headquarters (Velazquez 18, phone: 91/435-9700, fax, 91/435-9869.) This chain has an American representative:
Marketing Ahead Incorporated
433 Fifth Avenue
New York
telephone (212) 686-9212
fax (212) 686-0271.


Use your new-found knowledge of Spain by attempting the companion crossword puzzle to this article!

At the center of the Iberian Peninsula on the Meseta plateau Madrid, the capital of Spain, 400 years of history, is the Spanish political, economic and cultural center. Spain concentrated around the culture, a culture of Spain in Madrid cultural essence. Since King Philip II of Spain in the 16th century the city now, the fate of the Madrid henceforth be changed. Spain became the most important city status began to rise, and the other leading cities, Madrid in a short period of time is rapidly becoming Europe's top arts center also attributed to this. In the center of Madrid, the Sun Gate, street radial disperse, all directions are many scenic spots, people have no alternative. in the Netherlands Antilles than to square with the Plaza or on the road to the palace, filled with art, behind the Royal Palace (Palacio Real) a vast collection of valuable paintings Prado Museum (Paseo del Pradio) Unique in form of Castile Plaza, the Spanish people feel the most unique art and cultural style. In Madrid, the city has become a walking enjoyment, tireless, walk in the sunlight, stroll along the grass, if hungry, you can order a seafood meal, and accompanied by delicious Sherri liquor. If the pin is available only to, it can also sit in the shade of coffee Lane. Madrid arts are everywhere, perhaps alone in a corner of the road waiting for you.

Anxiously asks English version Spain Madrid survey. If cannot find, under here help translation this section of article: Is located on the Iberia peninsula center region 梅塞 tower plateau Madrid, took Spanish the capital, had more than 400 years history, is the Spanish politics, the economy and the cultural center. Concentrated the Spanish each place cultural characteristic, the Madrid culture has become the Spanish culture the essence to be at. Water's edge two th move the capital since Spanish King Filley to 16th century to this, Madrid's destiny is henceforth changed, becomes the city which Spain most takes, the status starts to rise, and is in the lead other cities in various aspects, Madrid rapidly becomes one of European apex art centers in the short time also to have to give credit to this. In Madrid's central sun gate, the street assumes radiated dispersing, each direction all has many scenic spots, lets the person choose without knowing where to begin, in goes compared to the row Si square and the is big square or on the royal palace road, has filled the artistic breath, the style imperial palace (Palacio Real), has collected the massive precious oil paintings 普拉多 the museum (Paseo del Pradio), the modelling unique Custy advantage Asia square, all lets the person feel the Spanish most unique art and the cultural style. Walked local Madrid becomes one kind to enjoy, is not aware of fatigue, walks in the sunlight, strolled on the lawn, if has been hungry, was allowed to select a seafood food, was accompanying the delicacy Shirley liquor. If only is wants to have a rest, that also may arrive in the coffee shop to sit. Madrid everywhere all is the art, perhaps is waiting for you on some in the road corner place.

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祝屠小儿：[答案] SpainA country of southwest Europe comprising most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic and Canary Islands. Inhabited since the Stone Age, the region was colonized by Phoenicians and Greeks and l...

涧西区17724719450： 写一篇介绍西班牙的英语短文.急呀请根据下面的提示,写一篇介绍西班牙的英语短文.写作内容:1.欧洲的西南部;2.504750平方公里;3.约四千五百万人;... - ？
祝屠小儿：[答案] Spain in Europe in the southwest.It covers an area of 504750 square kilometers and has about forty-five million people.It has a long history and many historical heritage,colorful culture - the unique ...

涧西区17724719450： 求一段介绍西班牙的英文(不用很长) - ？
祝屠小儿：[答案] SPAIN - A FIRST IMPRESSION Widely known for Flamenco music and dance,bull-fights,fantastic beaches and lots of sunshine,Spain has to offer much more than that.It is - and has been for thousands of years - one of the cultural centers of Europe.It ...

涧西区17724719450： 用英文介绍西班牙 - ？
祝屠小儿： SPAIN - A FIRST IMPRESSIONWidely known for Flamenco music and dance, bull-fights, fantastic beaches and lots of sunshine, Spain has to offer much more than that. It is - and has been for thousands of years - one of the cultural centers of ...

涧西区17724719450： 写一篇介绍西班牙的英语短文.急呀 - ？
祝屠小儿： Spain in Europe in the southwest.It covers an area of 504750 square kilometers and has about forty-five million people.It has a long history and many historical heritage, colorful culture - the unique folk festivals and dance.And It is the world's second big tourism country, up to fifty-two million visitors per year.

涧西区17724719450： 介绍西班牙的英语作文,包括地理位置、面积、人口、特色、旅游等方面……地理位置、面积、人口、特色、旅游…… - ？
祝屠小儿：[答案] Spanish (Spanish: Españ a ), officially known as the kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Españ a ), is a country in southwestern Europe, and Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula, northeaste...

涧西区17724719450： 关于西班牙的英语介绍,急!!! - ？
祝屠小儿： Spanish Cuisine:The Spanish have never acquired the international reputation for haute cuisine enjoyed by their French neighbours. And millions of foreign tourists who flock to Spain's costas each summer find their menu options at best limited ...

涧西区17724719450： 求西班牙简介,要英文版的 - ？
祝屠小儿： At the center of the Iberian Peninsula on the Meseta plateau Madrid, the capital of Spain, 400 years of history, is the Spanish political, economic and cultural center. Spain concentrated around the culture, a culture of Spain in Madrid cultural essence...

涧西区17724719450： 介绍西班牙的一段话,英语的!急! - ？
祝屠小儿： Spain is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British ...

涧西区17724719450： 求 高一 英语 关于介绍西班牙的 简介小短文,大概15句话左右. - ？
祝屠小儿： Spain is Widely known for Flamenco music(弗拉门科民歌) and dance(舞蹈), bull-fights(斗牛), fantastic beaches(美丽的沙滩) and lots of sunshine(充裕的阳光), Spain has to offer much more than that. 西班牙不单只因为其弗拉...