如何写好情景写作2

~ 一. 教学内容：
书面表达讲解与训练——如何写好情景写作

写作体裁训练 1）记叙文 2）描述文

考题的设置和要求：
教学大纲的要求:书面表达是来考查学生是否能够运用所学过的英语知识和掌握的技巧进行思想交流，也就是说考查综合运用英语的能力。

试题的设置: 更贴近实际生活，与日常生活息息相关，让考生有话可说,更能充分的考察出学生的语言交际能力。

考查目标和要求：
要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文。（北京试卷要求字数不少于60字）情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。

近年来的书面表达一览表：
2000
全国卷 根据目击的交通事故给警察局写一份材料
2001
全国卷 根据表格所提供的内容谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化
2001春 邀请你的美国朋友Peter来你校在下月举办的美国电影节上给学生讲一次关于美国电影方面的讲座
2002
全国卷 根据表格所提供的内容谈一谈公园要不要收门票
2002
北京卷 写一篇野外生存训练的日记
2002 春 给你的美国朋友写信介绍你们是如何庆祝申奥成功的，并邀请他2008年来中国
2003
全国卷 写信给你的朋友介绍为他找的住房情况
2003
北京卷 记述一次配合迎奥运宣传学雷锋活动
2003春 向一外教请求有关选择剧目方面的帮助，请他给予一些建议
2004
北京卷 根据图表说明学生课外生活并谈谈你的看法。

出题方式：文字，表格，图画，图表
出题趋势：叙述加议论，说明加议论

如何写好情景写作
1. 认真审题，确定体裁及篇章结构或提纲（包括开头点题句，中间具体内容以及结尾（包括再现主题，感想和希望）。记叙往往和议论密不可分，说明也会包含于议论中，成为它的支撑论据。
2. 再读细节，确定人称、时态、主要情节、句式等。尤其要考虑动词：搭配(动词与名词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配)，相关同义词或词组(例如，visit, have a visit, pay a visit, on a visit to)。
3. 成文（10句左右），囊括要点，按照文体和篇章要求组织语篇。
4. 润色，注意措辞、复杂句式及承上启下的自然衔接，校对细节。

写作体裁练习：

学习如何写记叙文：
记叙文主要是记述所发生的事情和经历。常见的形式有：故事、传记、游记、日记、新闻报道等。

记叙文的写作要素：
1. 要交代清楚五要素的内容即：where, when, what, who, how。
2. 事件可按时间或空间顺序叙述。
3. 时态通常是与过去有关的时态。（如果是当前的经常性事件，自然，社会现象。通常用与现在有关的时态。）

记叙文的篇章结构：
开头the beginning---交代必要的背景，如：时间，地点，人物等。
中间the middle------交代故事情节（事情的主体）。如：事件的发生，发展和前因后果
结尾the ending------事情的结果或感想，愿望等（the result or feeling）

在记叙文中常用到的连接词：
横 线 First ... Then ... Next ... Finally
纵 线 Some ... Some ... Others;
The boys ... The girls ...;
Some Ss ... Tome others ... The rest of us / them ....

时
间
顺
序 Early in the morning / In the early morning;
In the middle of the day / At noon;
Late in the afternoon / In the late afternoon;
Far / Deep into the night;
In the past / At present / In the future ;
First, second, next, then, finally;
At first, in the beginning; at last, in the end;
Shortly afterwards, at once, immediately, all of a sudden, suddenly, soon;
The moment…, as soon as, the first time…, not … until…, next time, before, after, etc;

2002年高考书面表达（北京卷）
你和李明参加一次野外生存训练。以下5幅图画表现了野外训练活动的过程，请根据图示写一篇英文日记。
注意：1词数100左右 2日记的开头与结尾已为你写好。
生词：指南针：compass 手电筒：flashlight
急救包:first-aid kit 宿营地：campsite

Saturday,May4,2002 Cloudy
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival programme yesterday, and it was
one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.

The two of us spent the night in the forest. We learned to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems in the field. It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.

2002.高考学生习作分析（ 北京卷）
1.
Saturday,May4,2002 Cloudy
Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival programme yesterday, and it was one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school.
The two of us were to reach the campsite by evening. We set out early in the morning , eager to face the adventure. I was carrying a camp and a compass in my bag, while Li Ming loaded his with some bread, matches, candles, a map , a knife , a first-aid kit, a flashlight, and some clothes. We followed the marked route until we reached a brook. We had to swim across it, floating our supplies on a piece of wood in order to keep them dry. What’s worse, we lost sight of the signs on the other side of the brook! Thanks to the compass, we finally arrived at the campsite on time, and managed to make the camp and a fire.
The two of us spent the night in the forest. We learned to use knowledge gained in classroom training to solve problems in the field. It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.

如何写描述文
描述文是把人物， 事件， 景观， 地点，环境等用语言生动、形象地描绘出来。
描述人物 ：1）开头要进行简明的介绍(introduction) 2）文章主体(main part)可按时间顺序或事件的主次进行描述 3)结尾(conclusion)可进行评论或谈感受。
描述地点 ：1）要准确使用表示方位的词及短语 2）描述地点的位置通常要从上到下，从里到外，从左到右，从远到近。 3）注意详略。重点部分要突出，详细描述。

学习并牢记下列常用短语和句型

空
间
顺
序 at the front/back of something, with ... in the centre /around a place;
in front of, behind; next to, close to, in and around;
on the left/ right;
in the south, in the west / east / north;
on the other side / opposite side of, inside, outside; where etc;

常用短语和句型：
方位
1. There is a tall shelf on the left of my room.(on the right of, in the front of, near the window)
2. Above the bed, there is a large painting of the blue sea. (on the right of the room)
3. Next to it is a bed. (in front of it, at the back of, in the middle of, to the right of)
4. They are opposite the door.(on the left/right of the room.)
5. The office building is in the east of the campus.(in the south of, to the west of, in front of, behind, at the back of )
6. The monument, which was built in 1894, stands in the center of the square.

描述国家，城市状况等
1. China is located in Asia. (be situated… be surrounded by , lie to the east of )
2. It covers a huge area of 9,600 000 square kilometers.
3. The population of this city is 100,000 .

路线
1. When you come out of…(get to…reach…)
2. Cross the street (river) (keep walking along… walk down…)
3. Turn right at the end of Bridge Street into Riverside Road. (the second traffic lights, the first crossing)
4. Take the first turning on your left.
5. Go straight on to the traffic light and then turn right.
6. You’ll see(find) it next to the cinema.

2003年高考书面表达
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Bob将9月到你所在城市的建新华文学校学中文，来信请你在学校附近为他找一套住房。请根据画面提供的信息，写信介绍住房的情况，并告之住房面积为25平方米，月租500元。
注意：1. 词数 100左右；2. 房租rent

Dear Bob,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,
Li Hua

Possible version:
Dear Bob,
I’m so glad to learn that you’re coming in September. I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop. Do you think you’d like it? If not, I can try and find another place for you. Just let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua

【模拟试题】
一. 假如你是李华， 昨天学校为你们举办了18岁成人仪式。请你根据下列要点给你在美国的笔友发一封电子邮件，描述仪式过程并简述你的感受。
1. 成人宣誓
2. 感谢家长和老师的教育培养
3. 老师送贺卡
4. 表演节目

注意：
（1）邮件必须包括以上要点，可以适当发挥；
（2）词数：100左右；
（3）开头结尾已为你写好。
生词： 宣誓：make an oath 仪式：ceremony
Dear Tom,
It is great to receive your email. Now I’d like to tell you something that took place in my school yesterday.____________________________

二. 假设你是李华， 你的美国朋友Mike将于6月底到北京作短暂停留，请你帮他安排一天的活动。 要求用所给的示意图写一封信向他提出建议并对各地点加以简单的介绍。

注意：
（1）包括示意图中的主要内容
（2）词数100左右
（3）信的开头已写好
（4）生词：图书城 Book Town
Dear Mike,
I’m glad to hear you are coming soon. I’ve planned a one-day trip for you in Beijing. ______________________________________

三. 假如你是王平，即将赴英国学习，今天早上刚刚买到机票，请根据票上标明的起飞时间，中途停顿的地点，在英国等候的时间及到达终点的时间，写信告诉将到机场接你的英国朋友John。
FROM TO FLIGHT DATE TIME ARR
Beijing Hongkong CA368 Dec21 20:00PM 21:30PM
Hongkong London Dec21 22:00PM 8:00AM
London Glasgow BA163 Dec22 10:00PM 11:00AM

注意：1）词数100---120 2） 信的开头已给出。

Dec 10th 2001
Dear John,
_____________________________________________________________________________

【试题答案】
一.
Dear Tom,
It is great to receive your email. Now I’d like to tell you something that took place in my school yesterday. In the afternoon we held a growing-up ceremony for our coming 18-year-old birthday. At first we made an oath that as grown-up we should have a sense of duty for our society from now on. Then we showed our thanks to our parents who had gone through hardships to bring us up and teachers who have been educating us patiently. And our teachers also gave us cards expressing their good wishes to us. Finally, we put on wonderful performances, singing and dancing. We learned a lot from the activity. I think it’s very important for us. I will remember the day in my life.

二.
Dear Mike,
I’m glad to hear you are coming soon. I’ve planned a one-day trip for you in Beijing.
In the morning you can first go to the Summer Palace, which is one of the most beautiful parks in Beijing. There you can go boating and climbing. It’s also a nice place for taking pictures. Then in the middle of the day you can enjoy a Chinese lunch in a restaurant.
In the afternoon, I suggest you visit Beijing University. As you know, it is famous both in China and in the world. Before you go back to your hotel, you can drop in the Book Town. There are not only different kinds books but also many Chinese paintings. I hope you’ll have a good time.
Best wishes,
Yours,
Li Hua

三.
Dec 10th 2001
Dear John,
I got my ticket this morning. I’ll take Flight CA 368 to fly to London on December 21th . The plane takes off at eight o’clock in the evening. It stops in Hong Kong for half an hour. Then it continues its journey and arrive in London at 8:00 the next morning. That’s Dec.22nd.
I’ll have to wait about 2 hours in London to change planes. The Flight number is BA163. It takes about an hour to fly from London to Glasgow, so I will arrive in Glasgow at about 11:00 in the morning. There are just about eleven days before my trip to Britain. I’m very excited! I can’t wait to see you !
Yours,
Wang Ping

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