英语之中的各种从句的类型解释

讲解一下英语的几种从句类型及其用法~

定语从句概要： （这是有关定语从句的精要介绍，涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面，供参考：） 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份。关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略。 关系代词的选用比较复杂，受下列条件的制约： (1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物， (2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能， (3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的。 在定语从句中充当的成分 ↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句 指人 指物 指人或指物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 谓语 whose whose (of which) That 只能用在限定性定语从句中，而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中，也可用于非限定性定语从句。 I know that he is a man who means what he says. I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人。】 The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼。】 The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.（在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词，可以省略。） The watch which was lost has been found. The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了。】 Here is the material which you need. (注：现代美语中不允许这样用) Here is the material that you need. Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了。】 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧。 关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单，如果先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day 等，则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词，如place, house, area 等等，则选用where。如果先行词为reason 则选用why I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood. I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood. 我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村。 I don’t know the reason why he did that. I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做。】 当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时，或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时，或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时，一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句： I have explained everything that I can to you. I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚。】 具体详情请上百度百科查询。从句—请点击此连接就可查询各种从句的具体解释 http://baike.baidu.com/view/138129.htm

怎样浅显易懂地解释英语各种从句的逻辑？
联想派
（一）问题澄清：何谓从句

从题目的正文可以看出来题主问的是名词性从句、形容词性从句（定语从句）、副词性从句（状语从句）三类复杂句从句，但是从句的概念不止如此。

英语中的从句概念包括：

复合句（compound sentence），常称为并列句，指的是用连词连接多个简单句组成的句子。

复杂句（complex sentence），也称为从句、主从复合句，用代词、副词、连词把一个简单句作为另外一个简单句的从属成分的句子。

两点说明：

上面这两种是专业语法的说法，而一般我们说的复杂句其实指的是比较难比较复杂的句子，可能是简单句、复合句或者复合句。要学好语法，首先就要准确定义这些名词，不然会混，很多争论也是从此而来。

复合句和复杂句还可以融合为复合复杂句，也称为并列复杂句，不过理解了复合句和复杂句，就不用单独讨论。

虽然题主问的只是上面的第二种，即复杂句（complex sentence），但是无邀自答，把这两种一起讲了，因为这两种从句的根本规律是一体的。

（二）总起：从句的一般结构

从上面的复合句和复杂句的定义就可以看出来，从句都是两个句子连接起来，代词、副词、连词，都笼统地称为引导词，所以从句的一般结构是：

简单句1 + 引导词 + 简单句2

关键点在引导词上，分述如下：

复合句的引导词：连词

复杂句的引导词：代词、副词、连词

根据引导词能够连接的句子的完整性（即完整句子与不完整句句子），引导词可以分为两类：

代词 + 不完整句子（即SVtO缺少S或者缺少O）

副词/连词 + 完整句子（即SVO俱全或者SVi不需要O）

（三）复合句

复合句 = 简单句1 + 并列连词 + 简单句2

而并列连词又极其简单，即fanboys + and yet + and so，fanboys即下列连词的首字母缩写：

for: I'd better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.

and: He is so handsome and the princess is willing to marry him.

nor: The city is not beautiful, nor is it clean.

but: I like action movies but she doesn’t like them.

or: Take the chance, or you will regret.

yet: She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.

and yet: She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, and yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out.

so: It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment.

and so: It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, and so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment.

三点说明：

and yet和and so是可以合并的两个连词，其他连词只能用一个（比如and or就不对，and but也不对，当然and/or另当别论。

and therefore、and thus等并不是连词合用，因为therefore/thus是副词，所以在and therefore + 简单句2中，therefore只是副词做状语。

常见伪连词：

therefore

however

moreover/furthermore

nonetheless/nevertheless

notwithstanding

then

错误用法

句子1, however, 句子2.

正确用法

1）句子1. However, 句子2.

2）句子1; however, 句子2.

3）句子1. 句子2第一部分, however, 句子2剩余部分.

4）句子1. 句子2, however.

（四）复杂句

复杂句 = 主句 + 从句 = 简单句1 + 引导词 + 简单句2（划线部分即是从句）

复杂句分为三类、六种，上图：


（因为形容词性从句只有定语从句一种，副词性从句只有状语从句一种，所以大家习惯的叫法是：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句，但是从今天起不要了哦，请专业起来哦hahah其实无所谓的）

4.1名词性从句

名词性从句有四类，上图：


名词性从句的一般规律是分两类：

that/whether/if + 完整句子

特殊疑问词的陈述语序

1）先讲主语/宾语/表语从句：

that/ whether/ if + 完整句子

（注意这里的that是连词）

That you are right is a lie.

I believe (that) you are right.

It is not that you lied to me; it is that you do not regret it at all now.

I don’t know whether/ if he is trustworthy.

特殊疑问句的陈述语

what: What he wants to tell us is not clear.

whatever: Whatever he does is not my concern.

which: It is still unknown which team will win the match.

whichever: I don’t care whichever team will win the match.

who: Who will win the match is still unknown.

whoever: Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights

whom: I don’t know whom he gave that ring to.

whomever: I don’t care whomever he gave that ring to.

where: Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

wherever: Wherever the English evening will be held is not my business.

when: I hate it when they speak with their mouths full of food.（it是形式宾语）

whenever: Whenever they speak with their mouths full of food is a pain for me.

whose: Please tell me whose umbrella this is.

whosever: Whosever umbrella this is is not my business.

how: It is known to us how he became a writer.

however: However he became a writer is his own secret.

why: I still don’t understand why he chose to betray me.

2）再讲同位语从句：

同位语从句 = 抽象名词 + 主/宾/表从句 = 抽象名词 + 引导词 + 同位句

抽象名词概括同位句，同位句解释抽象名词

抽象名词：fact/ idea/ news/ information/ order/ belief/ advice/ suggestion

引导词that

（注意这里的that是连词）

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression that he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.

引导词whether

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor.

特殊疑问词引导词what/ who/ whom/ whose/ when/ where/ how/ why

I have no idea what size she wears.

The question who will take his place is still not clear.

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

4.2形容词性从句

即定语从句，引导词在国内的语法教育中常称为关系词，分两类：

关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ whose + 不完整句子

It’s the only one that I’ve left.

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.

关系副词when/ where/ why + 完整句子

There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

4.3副词性从句

即状语从句，状语从句的引导词只有副词和连词，所以只能引导完整句子，一般按意义分为9类：

时间：When the dry desert ends, the green grass grows.

地点：Where there is a will, there is a way.

原因：Collecting provides relaxation for leisure hours, as just looking at one’s treasures is always a joy.

目的：Such a plan should be carried out so that the goal of education could be better met.（注意这里的that是连词）

结果：Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it.（注意这里的that是连词）

条件；If the economy still develops at present way, the environment will be getting worse and worse.

让步：Although advertisements are never without disadvantages, their advantages carry more weight.

比较：The more we study, the better we understand life. (The + 比较级…, the + 比较级…)

方式：If we cannot do as we would, we must do as we can.

（五）结论

去除上面所有的例子，可以看得出来从句，不论是复合句还是复杂句都是极其简单的，不过本人也是在英语专业的三年级才完全理解透彻，之前总是被老师给讲晕了，所以一个好老师是多么重要啊，比如我（hahah）。结论如下：

从句 = 复合句/复杂句

主句 + 从句 = 简单句1做主句 + 引导词 + 简单句2（划线部分即从句）

复合句 = 简单句1 + 并列连词 + 简单句2

并列连词只有七个：fanboys，and yet、and so可以合用

复杂句 = 简单句1 + 引导词 + 简单句2

代词引导词 + 不完整句子

副词/连词引导词 + 完整句子

名词性从句有两类：

that/whether/if + 完整句子

特殊疑问词的陈述语气

形容词行从句有两类：

关系代词 + 不完整句子

关系副词 + 完整句子

状语从句只有一类：副词/连词 + 完整句子

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句，包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
　　1、主语从句用作主语，如：：
　　That the earth is round is true． 地球为圆的是真实的。
　　2、宾语从句用作宾语。如：
　　Do you know where he lives?
　　3、表语从句用作表语，如：
　　My opinion is that you should not go alone． 我的意见是你不应单独前往。
　　4、同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：
　　The fact that the earth is round is true． 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）
　　5、定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：
　　The student who answered the question was John． 回答问题的学生是John．
　　6、状语从句相当于一个副词，如：
　　When it rains， I usually go to school by bus． 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）
　　If he comes tomorrow， you will see him． 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if ＋状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
　　He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged．他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。（结果状语，结果状语只是仅限于learn（得知），find（发现），see，hear，to be told（被告知），make（使得）等具有界限含义的动词。）
　　You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all． 你必须大声说话，才能让所有人听到你说话。（目的状语，可以由that， so that， in order that， lest， for fear that， in case等词引导。）
　　Since /As the weather is so bad， we have to delay our journey． 天气那么糟，旅行推迟了。 （原因状语从句，常用 because， since， as， for fear （ 恐怕 ）， seeing that （ 既然 ） ， now that （＝since）， considering that （ 考虑到 ） 等引导。）
　　Though/Though he was worn out， （still） he kept on working． 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 （让步状语从句，引导的连词主要有以下这些：though， although， as； even if， even though；whether…or…； no matter＋疑问词，疑问词－ever．）
　　Where I live there are plenty of trees． 我住的地方树很多。（地点状语从句，通常由where， wherever引导。）
　　As water is to fish， so air is to man． 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。（方式状语从句通常由as， （just） as…so…， as if， as though引导。）
　　

从句就三大类：定语从句，名词性从句，和状语从句
这也是高考常考的三大类
其中定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（标志是,which居多）
名词性从句分为主语从句
What i said is important
宾语从句
You should remember what I said
表语从句
That is what he said
同位语从句
The news that he won made us surprised
状语从句就多了，最基础的是时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件。。。，让步。。。（although等引导）原因。。。，目的。。。方式。。。比较。。。等

主语，定语，表语，状语从句等等。

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富薇方舟： 英语中就是从句多,首先,什么是从句?答:从句就是句子中原先的一个成分,现在用一个句子代替.如:句子中有主语,现在我用句子作主语,这个句子就叫做主语从句. 1主语从句 2宾语从句 3表语从句 4同位语从句 5定语从句 6状语从句 我只能给你说到这里了,只能起引导作用,因为这里面的语法太多,难以写尽,比如说状语从句就有条件,时间,地点,让步,结果,原因状语从句.建议查语法本,做专项练习.

绥江县17767497280： 英语的从句是什么?有什么类型的?请列举一下!？
富薇方舟： 宾语从句:修饰宾语的从句叫宾语从句(通俗一点,就是动词后面的句子). 例:The girl said she would go to the zoo with her mum. I wonder if he will come. I wonder if he will come or not. I asked when we would meet.(注意:语序必须是陈述句...

绥江县17767497280： 解释一下各种类型的从句 - ？
富薇方舟： 表语从句 是在系动词后面的句子, 其中that 不能省略. 定语从句 要有先行词 并且在从句中充当成分. 要有关系代词或关系副词来引导 关系代词(who whom whose that which ) 当先行词 指人时并且做主语 用who 或that 当先行词指人充当定语...