如何判断定语从句中的状语？

如何判断定语从句~

什么是定语从句？

把先行词放入定语从句中再拿出来看句子结构，如果需要补充介词就用where；不需要就用that。
举个例子：
1、This is the house where I used to live.这是我过去住的房子。
I used to live （in） the house。需要补充介词，用where。
2、This is the house that I used to live in.这是我过去住的房子。
I used to live in the house。不需要补充介词，用that。

扩展资料
在非限制性定语从句中副词where作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。
在定语从句中，where充当状语时，可以介词+which等价替换，介词用in还是at或on或to要根据先行词定。
先行词是表示地点时，不一定都用where。先行词如果在定语从句中用作地点状语，就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语，而是用作主语或宾语，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。

引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。

（1）though, although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。

这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能与but连用。例如：

Though/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。

Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。

值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如：

She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。

（2）as, though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。

as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though间或也用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：

Object as you may, I ' ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I ' ll go.) 纵使你反对，我也要去。

Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。

Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）虽然他是一个孩子，但他知道该做什么。

Fast as you read, you can ' t finish the book so soon. 纵然你读得快，你也不能这么快读完这本书。

（3）even if, even though 表示“即使……”，“纵使……”之意。

这两个复合连词的意思基本相同。它们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。even if引导的让步从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时，是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。例如：

We ' ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。

Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。

Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him. )尽管他很穷，但她还是爱她。

（4）whether...or...表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。

由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。例如：

You ' ll have to attend the ceremony whether you ' re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。

Whether you believe it or not, it ' s true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。

（5）“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。例如：

No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。

No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。

但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。例如：

Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I won ' t believe you. (Whatever 引导让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

I ' ll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me. (whatever引导宾语从句)你给我吃什么，我就吃什么。

Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引导主语从句) 不管谁来都受到欢迎。

此外，有时while也可以引导让步状语从句，但一般要位于句首。例如：

While I like the colour, I don ' t like the shape.我虽然喜欢那颜色，但不喜欢那形状。

综上所述，我们可以看出，学习让步状语从句的关键是关联词的选用；其次，要注意的是由as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序。
1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用

，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。

例 That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。

The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。

2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。

例 Where and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。

When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。

3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。

例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。

4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。

例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？

5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。

例 We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋

说明:1.副词、形容词经常做状语.
2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语.
3.介词结构常做状语
4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:

1． 时间状语从句

常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until

特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.

2． 地点状语从句

常用引导词：where

特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere

Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.

3． 原因状语从句

常用引导词：because, since, as, since

特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as

My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.

4． 目的状语从句

常用引导词：so that, in order that

特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that

The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.

5． 结果状语从句

常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,

特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,

He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.

6． 条件状语从句

常用引导词：if, unless,

特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that

We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.

7． 让步状语从句

常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though

特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever

Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.

8． 比较状语从句

常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)

特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B

She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。

9． 方式状语从句

常用引导词：as, as if, how

特殊引导词：the way

When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
第一个down为副词
动词+副词的组合，如果用代词要放在副词之前。即，可以写成
turn it down。
第二个on为介词。
只有几个介词可以作为副词使用
如on\down\up\out\off...
这个要根据情况看是什么词。turn\cut等后常加副词

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