急求英语从句的总结

急求英语中有关定语从句的总结？我是新手谢谢帮忙谢谢~

1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成 分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰、限定的词或短语，称为先行词。
4、定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
一、限定性定语从句
　（一、）关系代词引导的定语从句
1. who指人在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
• 3. which指物在定语从句中做宾语时可省略
• (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
• (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that既可代表事物也可代表人。
关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，而当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，常常省略。
特别提示：
1．关系代词做从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。
2．如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词常放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置。
3. that 的妙用：（只能用that的情况） that用法需补充
（1）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时；
（2）当先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that 常省略；
（3）当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；
（4）当先行词是序数词或最高级时；
（5）当先行词中既有人又有物时；
（6）当先行词前有the only / the same / the very / the last 修饰时；
（7）当前句中已有which :
　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
　　 eg. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
　 whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：
　　 eg. (1). The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
　　 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
　　 (2) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
　　 Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
（二、）关系副词
　　关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which where=in which when=during which whose=of which
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
2. when引导定语从句表示时间
3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物，当它引导的从句修饰物体时，可以与 of which 调换，表达的意思一样。
关系副词引导的定语从句：
　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
　　 eg. I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
　　 eg. Shanghai is the city where I was born.
　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
　　 eg. Please tell me the reason why you are late.
　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
判断关系代词与关系副词：
　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　
　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　
　　I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　
　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　
　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　
　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　
　　（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　
　 　A. where　B. that　C. on which
　　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where　B. that　C. on which
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，○1先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；○2 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。

非限定性定语从句 ：
　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which，whose代表事物。
限定性定语从句 & 非限定性定语从句 区别：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
翻译成先行词的定语， “…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词做宾语时可省略 关系词不可省略
关系词可用that；可用who代替whom 关系词不用that；不用who代替whom
可以用关系副词why表原因 不能用关系副词why，需用for which 代替

定语从句可以简化成短语。
① 定语从句为被动结构，可用过去分词短语简化。
e.g. I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun. → I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
我买了一本鲁迅写的书。
② 若为主动结构，且为进行时态或从句表示经常性的动作和状态时，可用现在分词短语简化。
e.g. Tell the children who are playing there not to do that. → Tell the children playing there not to do that.
The house that stands at the corner was built in 1987. → The house standing at the corner was built in 1987.
③ 当从句中的谓语动词表示一个将要发生的动作或具有某种情态意义时，可简化为动词不定式。
e.g. We have nothing that we should fear. → We have nothing to fear. 我们没有什么事情可以害怕。
④ 当从句的谓语动词后是介词短语时，可简化为介词短语作定语。
e.g. The book that is on the table is expensive. → The book on the table is expensive.
7.关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)

[注意]
一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：
1. Is this farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
2. Is this the farm ________ they visited the day before yesterday?
A. which B. the one C. where D. what
简析：第1题中主句缺少表语，只有B项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第2 题的主句本身已完整，应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit 的宾语。所以，正确答案是A。
二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：
改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?
简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。
三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置；根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：
Can you tell me the name of the factory ________ you visited last week?
A. what B. where C. / D. when
简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略）。
四、解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ___D_____ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）"。

1）表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。
2.构成：关联词+简单句
3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类：
（1）从属连词that.如：
The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
（2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如：
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。
注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：
All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday.
这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。
能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如：
It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词 where，when，how，why.
如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
解释：
1.连词because可引导表语从句。如：
I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。
2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：
My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。
2）主语从句
1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
2.构成：关联词+简单句
3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类：
（1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.
很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。
（2）从属连词whether.如：
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词 where，when，how，why.如：
What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。
解释：
1.主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：
A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。
It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
B.It+be+名词词组（no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.）+that从句。如：
It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遗憾我们不能去。
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
C.It+be+过去分词（said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.）+that从句。如：
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生已经到了北京。
It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.
据报道中国又成功地发射了一颗人造地球卫星。
D.It+seem，happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’t matter（makes no difference，etc.）+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否来这无关紧要。
It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。
F.当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week？ 下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？
Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow？ 他们明天不来很要紧吗？
G.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：
How strange it is that the children are so quiet！ 孩子们这么安静真奇怪！
2.注意连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever等引导主语从句的含义。
Whoever comes will be welcome.（whoever=the person who）来的人将受到欢迎。
Whatever he did was right.（whatever=the thing that）他所做的事情是正确的。
Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.（whichever=anyone of you who）你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖
3）宾语从句
1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成：关联词+简单句。
3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：
（1）从属连词that.如：
He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。
I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。
注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。
1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。）
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）
对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.（that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。）
我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
4.We decided，in view of his special circumstances，that we would admit him for a probationary period.（主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。）
鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。
（2）从属连词if/whether.如：
I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。
I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。
（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever
连接副词 where，when，how，why.
如：
Who or what he was，Martin never learned.
他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。
I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。
You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。
（1）介词宾语从句
宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：
He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.
他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。
I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。
Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。
有时介词可以省略。如：
I don’t care （for）who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。
Be careful （as to）how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。
解释：
1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他已表明他不会屈服。
2.作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：
He is a good student except that he is careless.
他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。
You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我会帮助你的。
介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：
Are you sorry for what you’ve done？
你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？
3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure，glad，certain，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：
I am not sure what I ought to do.
我不能确定我该做什么。
I’m afraid you don’t understand what I said.
恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
I’m surprised that I didn’t see all that before.
我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。
Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.
妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。
4.连词whether （…or not）或if引导的宾语从句
if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：
I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。
用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较：
Please let me know if you want to go.
Please let me know whether you want to go.
if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。
5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：
I don’t think you are right.我认为你错了。
I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。
I don’t suppose he cares，does he？ 我想他不在意，是吗？
6.宾语从句的时态变化规律：
（1）当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。
（2）当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
老师说地球绕着太阳运行。
4）同位语从句
1.定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。
2.用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact，news，idea，thought，question，reply，report，remark等，关联词多用从属连词that.如：
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？
你在哪儿听说我不能来？
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。
注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。
连接代词who，which，what和连接副词where，when，why，how亦可引导同位语从句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。
解释：
1.that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别
that引导的同位语从句
that引导的定语从句
句法功能上
that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。
意义上
从句是被修饰名词的内容。
从句起限定作用，是定语
如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.（同位语从句，that不可省。）
李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
The news （that）he told me yesterday is true.（定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。）
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：
This is our only request that this （should）be settled as soon as possible.
这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
（6）不定式的构成
1.不定式的构成
不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：
主动式 to do
被动式 to be done
完成式to have done /to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
1）不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：
They invited us to go there this summer.他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。
2）不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：
She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已听说过这件事。
I meant to have told you about it，but I happened to have an important thing to do.
我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
3）不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如：
It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
4）不定式的完成进行式
如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如：
They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years.据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。
We are happy to have been helping each other these days.我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。
5）动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如：
Try not to be late again next time.尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6）疑问词+动词不定式：
不定式和疑问词whether，what，which，whom，where，when，how，why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell，know，show，decide，learn，wonder，explain，advise，teach，discuss，find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如：
On hearing the news，he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么时候开会还没有决定。
介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如：
Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道该怎么做。

定语从句
一、定语从句的识别
（一）定语从句的结构:
先行词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 定语从句
1.概念
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或者是不定代词
定语从句：关系代词或者关系副词引导的从句
关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一定成分
2.定语从句的辨别
分析句内各分句之间的关系：名词和其后的分句是否形成修饰关系，表示限定或说明
（二）不定代词作先行词的定语从句
what不能作为关系代词，只能做名词性从句的联系词
We believed anything that he said.

二、关系代词和关系副词的选择
（一）关系代词that的选择
1.先行词既包括指人的名词,又包括指物的名词,关系代词要用that
He talked cheerfully about the film and the actress that interested him.
2.先行词作定语从句的表语,关系代词只能用that, 也可以省略。
My father is no longer the man (that) he was.
3. that不能用于非限制性定语从句
4.如果定语从句是一个there be结构,而且先行词作定语从句的主语,关系代词为that,也可以省去
He asked for the latest book (that) there was on the subject.

（二）非限制性定语从句中,which可以修饰名词先行词，或前面整个句子或句子一部
The 10:00 train, which comes from Beijing, is late today.
He said he had entered for the marathon race, which was not true.
They played the recorder loudly, which made us angry.
（三）关系代词whose
the people whose house was broken into
(=their house, whose 相当于先行词的所有格whose + 名词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语)
the house whose door has a glass panel (先行词为非生命名词)
(= the door of which)
（四）关系副词where
1.关系副词where在定语从句中作状语，表示地点，先行词多为表示地点意义的名词
2.先行词也可以是含地点意义的抽象名词，如situation, culture, case等
He was in a hopeless situation where(=in which) nobody could help him.
Education reached the point where a change is needed.
（五）关系副词和关系代词的选择原则
关系副词或关系代词的选择取决于对定语从句句子成分的分析, 准确判断定语从句中缺状语(时间、地点、原因）还是缺主语、宾语。不能仅根据先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词就选择when, where, why作关系副词。
（六）关系副词和关系代词的选择原则
1.定语从句中的关系代词可与介词连用，一般使用“介词+whom/which”结构,介词后不能用that
the library from which I borrow books
(that) I borrow books from
2. 短语动词不能与动词分离。
the book (that) I came across ( √ )
the book across which I came ( × )
3. 非限制性定语从句中,只能用 “介词+ whom/which”结构
The house, for which he paid a million yuan, is found leaking.
4. 介词的选择取决于句意或惯用搭配
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost. (=without the map)
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (= turn to him for help)
5.数量限定词/名词 + of + whom/which
(1) 数量限定词 + of + whom/which
The students, most of whom were fooled by the company, were complaining angrily.
(2) 名词 + of + which 表示所有格关系
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
(或of which the price)
三、定语从句的特殊结构
（一）介词 + which + 名词 (在定语从句中作状语)
He may come, in which case I’ll ask him.
It rained heavily all night, during which time the fishing boat sank.
He emigrated in 1948, at which time there was much trouble in Europe.
（二）含有I think，I suppose等插入语的定语从句
嵌入式定语从句:
把I think, I suppose, I’m afraid, I consider, they say等插入定语从句
He has written a new book which I am sure any of you will enjoy.
John is a newcomer who they say will be superior to anyone else in math.
（三）than用作关系代词
than用于形容词、副词比较结构,作关系代词,充当主语或宾语
He gave me more than I had expected.
We needn’t eat more nutrients than is necessary for us.(=than what is necessary)
He did his job better than is required of him.
注：后两句than即是连接词，又是关系代词，在定语从句中里作主语。这种情况下， than后面不用加it。
（四） as 用作关系代词
1. as可用作关系代词，用于非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,或部分句子。
As we had expected, the airliner landed safely.
As is reported on TV, China’s manned spaceship has been launched into space.
as作宾语的短语：as we know, as you can see
as作主语的短语：as is often the case
as用作关系代词，可以在句子中作宾语，也可以在句子中作主语。
2. such/the same …as
We should sing such songs as will inspire them.
The same accident as happened to me happened to other drivers.
注：as在such…as中作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
（五） which, as用法比较
1. 在SVC/SV 结构中, which, as可互换使用。
He married her, as/which was natural.（主谓表）
The ship was frozen in, as/which frequently happens in that area. （主谓）
2. 在SVO(C)结构中, 用which,不用as。
He won the final, which delighted us.（主谓宾）
3. as引导的定语从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而且一般肯定句，对主句意义起辅助作用，表示“正如”等意义
Mother treats me just like a baby, which I can’t bear.
as I can’t bear （×）
She married again, which was unexpected.
as was unexpected （×）
（六） as + 分词
The plane arrived at six, as (was) scheduled.
The project went smoothly, as (was) planned.
Her voice was a great attraction to young people, as described above.
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.
主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.
表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.
状语从句分类：

一.名词性从句：
1.宾语从句：跟在及物动词后面，连接词常用的有that ,when,where,how,what,why等
eg:I don't kow what to do.(主从句时态保持一致)
2.表语从句：跟在连系动词（be动词等），做表语，常用连接词同上
eg:That was why I was absent that day..(主从句时态保持一致)
3.定语从句：跟在名词或代词后面，做定语，常用连接词：that,where,who,whose,whom等
eg:He is the teacher that /who teaches us maths.(主从句时态保持一致)
4.同位语从句：跟在名词或代词后面，相当于插入语,常用连接词：that,where,who,why等。
eg:She , who was a beautiful girl five years ago,now has become a mother of three children.
(跟定语从句有类似，但时态可灵活变换）
5.主语从句：在主语的位置，作主语，自己有一套主谓，从句后面紧接着主句的谓语。（时态可变）
eg：What he said just now puzzles me.(谓语动词一般用单数）
二.非名词性从句
1.状语从句：在句中作状语，引导词：where（地点），when（时间），why（原因），though（让步）等，时态一般跟主句一致，也可变动
eg:Though he is a child ,he knows a lot.

....................................
100分没那么好得呀.....
我不想要分 给你分享点我个人经验吧...
从句 顾名思义 就是在主句的基础上把部分需要修饰的修饰一下。
不管是什么从句，万变不离其踪
1.先找主句，抓住主干。（无视其他）
2.在具体分析各个部分。修饰主语的就叫主语从句，修饰宾语就叫宾语从句...还有条件状语从句等等。

连接词放在从句之间
从句主句在前或后都行
如果是宾语从句，主句如果主句用一般过去时。那麽从句用过去的某种时态。如果主句用一般现在时，那么从句用任何时态。从句要用陈述句的语序。

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