悬垂结构一般避免使用人称主语吗?

作者&投稿:苌月 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
悬垂结构的应用~

一般来讲,分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,如:Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.其中opening的逻辑主语是句子主语he。当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则应将分词的逻辑主语补出来,如:George yawning,the conversation dropped.这种分词结构被称作独立主格结构。但有时我们遇到这种情况:分词的主语既不与句子主语一致,分词本身又非独立主格结构,如:Going up the hill,the statue of Lincoln struck my eye.在登上山的当儿,林肯的雕像十分引我注目。Tired but happy,the bus whisked us home.我们虽然疲乏,但很高兴,公共汽车飞快地把我们送到了家。这种分词在语法上被称作垂悬分词(dangling participle),也叫无依着分词。垂悬分词从起源上来说,是语言的错误使用(performance error),即将分词的主语与句子的主语错误联系,从而产生垂悬分词,所以有人又叫它错关联分词(misrelated participle)。垂悬分词通常出现在句子开头或接近开头的位置,与句子中的其它成分不产生必要的句法关系,特别是它与句子主语无逻辑关系。鉴于这种特点,垂悬分词别名为:独立分词(absolute participle)或孤立分词(isolated participle)。垂悬分词多数为现在分词,少数为过去分词。本文将从使用场合和情况对垂悬分词进行分类、归纳和总结。1.当分词主语是不定人称时,如:When dining in the restaurant,a jacket and tie are required.2.当分词的主语是表示时间、天气、自然现象等的无人称代词it时,如:Being Christmas,the government offices were closed.3.当分词的暗含主语是句子的整体时,如:The siren sounded,indicating that the air-raid was over.Unknown to his closest advisers,he had secretly negotiated with an enemy emissary.4.在正式科技文章中,分词前常常带有连词,其主语通常与I,we,you等同,如:When installing a boiler,the floor space which is available is very important.When treating patients with language retardation and deviation of language development,the therapy consists,in part,of discus- sions of the patients'problems with patients and teachers,with subsequent language teaching carried out by them.5.垂悬分词最常见于方式分离状语(style disjunct),表明说话人对所说的话的方式、条件以及说话人的态度或看法,这种用法可细分为以下几种情况:a.说话者用垂悬分词引出话题,如:talking of,getting back to,coming to等,意思为“谈到……,关于……,回到……”等,请看例句:Getting back to our story,the princess was killed.Coming to this question,I say no.b.垂悬分词表明说话者的说话方式,如:putting it mildly,frankly speaking,generally speaking,roughly speaking,broadly speaking,biologically speaking等,请看例句:Putting it mildly,you have caused us some inconvenience.Generally speaking,dogs are more faithful to men than cats.c.有些垂悬分词或词组表明说话的依据或视角,如:judging from,according to,considering,viewing it from,seeing,例如:Judging from his expression,he is in a bad mood.According to Barthes,the author had died.Considering the low price,the car is worth buying.d.有些垂悬分词或词组还为说话者所说内容的成立提供条件,如:providing(that),provided(that),supposing,given,意思为“if或with”,wanting和failing意思为“without”。例如:Provided that a film entertains,few people care about its other merits.Given prudence and patience,anybody can achieve something.Supposing this to be true,he is certainly the murderer.e.表示转折性的垂悬分词或词组有:admitting that,allowed that,allowing for,considering(that),assuming that,seeing that,granting that,granted that,notwithstanding,请看例句:Allowing for(=Considering)the deficiencies,the show is a success.Granted(=Granting)that you are right,you should not get angry.Admitting(=Assuming =Allowing)that he is drunk,that is no excuse.f.有些垂悬分词或词组还可以表明说话者所说内容有无例外情况,如:barring,bating,excepting,excepted,saving that,意思为“除了……”;including,counting,setting aside,leaving...to one side,意思为“包括;除了……还有……”等,请看例句:Barring(=bating)this point,I agree with you.There are fifteen students countingme.Setting aside the question of capital,this business has many other problems.以上列举的垂悬分词,我们可以得到一个总体印象:垂悬分词虽然在产生之初为错误联系使用所致,但一旦被言语社团成员所接受,便成为正确英语;由于其产生的特殊性,及其使用场合的有限性,垂悬分词与一般分词相比灵活程度差一些,也就是说,垂悬分词的表达及用途相对固定。甚至于有些垂悬分词词组已被很多词典编撰者当作固定词组来看待,如上文中的generally speaking,frankly speaking,judging from ,com ing to details等。另外,从词性角度来看,有些垂悬分词已不再被看作是分词,失去了动词的本性,已演变成介词或连词。被当作介词看待的垂悬分词有:considering,counting,including,barring,bating,excepting,excepted,concerning,regarding,respecting,touching,wanting,failing,pending,saving等等,例如:Considering its cost,this machine is not worth buying.He asked me questions concerning my health.Pending a report from Rancy,we'll pro- ceed as planned.I know nothing respecting that girl.已变成连词的垂悬分词有:providing(that),provided(that),saving,notwithstanding,seeing,considering,granting,granted,adm itting,assum ing,allowing,supposing等等。例句:He was prudent notwithstanding that he was young.Granting that he has made a mistake,he is not to blame.总之,垂悬分词与一般分词不一样,是一种超常规的语言现象,但其用途与形式相对固定,应引起我们足够的重视。正因为垂悬分词的使用场合及数量相对有限,英语学习者一方面要学会理解并掌握这一超常语言现象,另一方面切记不要将其它一般分词(遵循主谓一致原则)模仿垂悬分词使用,因为毕竟垂悬分词的产生源于错误联系,违反了主谓一致原则。

zt---有悬垂结构这个说法。这种结构是要避免的,是错误的。

就是分词既没有自带的主语形成独立主格结构,又没以句子主语为自己的逻辑主语,这样的分词就是悬垂结构。


逻辑主语,对于分词来讲,就是分词这个动作的实施者,假如句子里找不到分词所表示动作的主语,句子主语也无法承担这个动作,那么这个句子就是错误的,就似乎悬垂结构。

例如,Being absent, the meeting had to be put off.

这个being absent分词结构,没有自带的主语,而句子主语the meeting也明显不是being absent的逻辑主语,因为be absent的主语只能是“人”,人才能“缺席”。

修改成:So many comrades being absent, the meeting had to be put off.

这样being absent就自带了一个主语,就是comrades。这样就正确了,就避免了悬垂结构。

解释

分词短语在句子中作状语时,其逻辑主语(亦称隐含主语)通常应是整个句子的主语;如果不是,而且其本身也不带自己的主语(如在独立主格结构中),就被认为是一个语言失误。这个分词就叫做“悬垂分词”(dangling participle)或“无依附分词 ”(unattached participle)。例如:

  • Getting down from the bus,my ankle was sprained.

  • Driving to Chicago that night,a sudden thought struck me.

由 悬垂结构 造成的错误

(1)悬垂分词

误: Being Sunday, they went for a picnic.

正: It being Sunday, they went for a picnic.

正: As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic.

(2)悬垂不定式

误:To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary.

正:To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction.

(3)悬垂简式从句

误:When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.

正:When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.

应用

一般来讲,分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,如:Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.其中opening的逻辑主语是句子主语he。当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则应将分词的逻辑主语补出来,如:George yawning,the conversation dropped.这种分词结构被称作独立主格结构。

但有时我们遇到这种情况:分词的主语既不与句子主语一致,分词本身又非独立主格结构,如:

  • Going up the hill,the statue of Lincoln struck my eye.在登上山的当儿,林肯的雕像十分引我注目。

  • Tired but happy,the bus whisked us home.我们虽然疲乏,但很高兴,公共汽车飞快地把我们送到了家。

这种分词在语法上被称作垂悬分词(dangling participle),也叫无依着分词。垂悬分词从起源上来说,是语言的错误使用(performance error),即将分词的主语与句子的主语错误联系,从而产生垂悬分词,所以有人又叫它错关联分词(misrelated participle)。

垂悬分词通常出现在句子开头或接近开头的位置,与句子中的其它成分不产生必要的句法关系,特别是它与句子主语无逻辑关系。鉴于这种特点,垂悬分词别名为:独立分词(absolute participle)或孤立分词(isolated participle)。

垂悬分词多数为现在分词,少数为过去分词。本文将从使用场合和情况对垂悬分词进行分类、归纳和总结。

1.当分词主语是不定人称时,如:

  • When dining in the restaurant,a jacket and tie are required.

2.当分词的主语是表示时间、天气、自然现象等的无人称代词it时,如:

  • Being Christmas,the government offices were closed.

3.当分词的暗含主语是句子的整体时,如:

  • The siren sounded,indicating that the air-raid was over.

  • Unknown to his closest advisers,he had secretly negotiated with an enemy emissary.

4.在正式科技文章中,分词前常常带有连词,其主语通常与I,we,you等同,如:

  • When installing a boiler,the floor space which is available is very important.

  • When treating patients with language retardation and deviation of language development,the therapy consists,in part,of discus- sions of the patients'problems with patients and teachers,with subsequent language teaching carried out by them.

5.垂悬分词最常见于方式分离状语(style disjunct),表明说话人对所说的话的方式、条件以及说话人的态度或看法,这种用法可细分为以下几种情况:

a.说话者用垂悬分词引出话题,如:talking of,getting back to,coming to等,意思为“谈到……,关于……,回到……”等,请看例句:

  • Getting back to our story,the princess was killed.

  • Coming to this question,I say no.

b.垂悬分词表明说话者的说话方式,如:

putting it mildly,frankly speaking,generally speaking,roughly speaking,broadly speaking,biologically speaking等,请看例句:

  • Putting it mildly,you have caused us some inconvenience.

  • Generally speaking,dogs are more faithful to men than cats.

c.有些垂悬分词或词组表明说话的依据或视角,如:judging from,according to,considering,viewing it from,seeing,例如:

  • Judging from his expression,he is in a bad mood.

  • According to Barthes,the author had died.

  • Considering the low price,the car is worth buying.

d.有些垂悬分词或词组还为说话者所说内容的成立提供条件,如:providing(that),provided(that),supposing,given,意思为“if或with”,wanting和failing意思为“without”。例如:

  • Provided that a film entertains,few people care about its other merits.

  • Given prudence and patience,anybody can achieve something.

  • Supposing this to be true,he is certainly the murderer.

e.表示转折性的垂悬分词或词组有:admitting that,allowed that,allowing for,considering(that),assuming that,seeing that,granting that,granted that,notwithstanding,请看例句:

  • Allowing for(=Considering)the deficiencies,the show is a success.

  • Granted(=Granting)that you are right,you should not get angry.

  • Admitting(=Assuming =Allowing)that he is drunk,that is no excuse.

f.有些垂悬分词或词组还可以表明说话者所说内容有无例外情况,如:barring,bating,excepting,excepted,saving that,意思为“除了……”;including,counting,setting aside,leaving...to one side,意思为“包括;除了……还有……”等,请看例句:

  • Barring(=bating)this point,I agree with you.

  • There are fifteen students countingme.

  • Setting aside the question of capital,this business has many other problems.

以上列举的垂悬分词,我们可以得到一个总体印象:垂悬分词虽然在产生之初为错误联系使用所致,但一旦被言语社团成员所接受,便成为正确英语;由于其产生的特殊性,及其使用场合的有限性,垂悬分词与一般分词相比灵活程度差一些,也就是说,垂悬分词的表达及用途相对固定。甚至于有些垂悬分词词组已被很多词典编撰者当作固定词组来看待,如上文中的generally speaking,frankly speaking,judging from ,com ing to details等。

另外,从词性角度来看,有些垂悬分词已不再被看作是分词,失去了动词的本性,已演变成介词或连词。被当作介词看待的垂悬分词有:considering,counting,including,barring,bating,excepting,excepted,concerning,regarding,respecting,touching,wanting,failing,pending,saving等等,例如:

  • Considering its cost,this machine is not worth buying.

  • He asked me questions concerning my health.

  • Pending a report from Rancy,we'll pro- ceed as planned.

  • I know nothing respecting that girl.

已变成连词的垂悬分词有:providing(that),provided(that),saving,notwithstanding,seeing,considering,granting,granted,adm itting,assum ing,allowing,supposing等等。例句:

  • He was prudent notwithstanding that he was young.

  • Granting that he has made a mistake,he is not to blame.

总之,垂悬分词与一般分词不一样,是一种超常规的语言现象,但其用途与形式相对固定,应引起我们足够的重视。正因为垂悬分词的使用场合及数量相对有限,英语学习者一方面要学会理解并掌握这一超常语言现象,另一方面切记不要将其它一般分词(遵循主谓一致原则)模仿垂悬分词使用,因为毕竟垂悬分词的产生源于错误联系,违反了主谓一致原则。




悬垂结构一般避免使用人称主语吗?
应用一般来讲,分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,如:Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.其中opening的逻辑主语是句子主语he。当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则应将分词的逻辑主语补出来,如:George yawning,the conversation dropped.这种分词结构被称作独...

垂悬结构类型
改正方法一,将它转化为一个修饰主语的句子:"Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars." 或者,将其扩展为副词分句:"When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars."其次,垂悬副词短语也可能造成理解障碍。如 "After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish ...

用什么方法能让住宅变成鬼宅
因此,在必须使用垂檐的时候,也要将其做成弧形,以避免冲煞。化解阳台冲煞很多时候,对于阳台外部格局形成的冲煞,如果既无法进行改造,又觉得设置吉祥物或是种植植物很麻烦,就可以使用一些简单的方法化解。为了避免与阳台外部的煞气形成正面冲突,可以在面对煞气的地方悬挂珠帘或者是窗帘 ,可以起到缓冲的效果,在一定程度上化...

垂悬分词
垂悬分词的使用,有时会使句子结构显得不够严谨,甚至产生歧义。因此,在写作时,应该根据需要谨慎使用垂悬分词,避免不必要的误解和混乱。同时,在阅读时,也要注意理解句子的结构和含义,以便更好地理解垂悬分词的作用和意义。垂悬分词是一种特殊的语法现象,需要我们在学习和使用时特别注意。只有正确理...

麻料一般运用于哪些衣服?
1. 麻类服装的裁制 麻类服装在结构上适宜采用直线的分割线或轮廓线。由于其悬垂性能不佳,应避免使用褶裥或制作张开的衣裙,否则会给人以臃肿的印象。此外,由于麻质面料弹性较差,不适合设计紧身或运动量大的结构。在裁剪前,需要对麻织物进行浸水预缩处理,并使用较高温度的熨烫以防止缩水。2. 麻类...

民航客机为什么不用双垂直尾翼?
其次双垂尾对于气动设计很麻烦,还会增加重量,对于民航航班来说效益会降低,战机上的双垂尾大多是为了兼顾隐形性能和机动性才设计的。假设真的是双垂尾客机其中一个垂尾掉落了,它可能还是能够有一定的操控性,但是谁知道他的结构强度能不能支持在这样的情况下不解体呢。

我国国家公务员调配的基本形式是
政府的干预应遵循的原则:(1)政府市场的功能有很大的不同,都不能代替每个(政府的作用不能被取代的市场领域的工作,政府不应该强制干预的市场),(2)的范围的定义,政府对经济的干预来弥补和防止市场(3)政府的干预也必须注意发展中国家政府的成本和收益(4)在市场上的一般干预是比发达国家更广泛,这是一种正常的现象...

为什么遮雨棚的垂檐要做成弧形、避免箭形?
若是阳台正对大门或厨房,可将窗帘长时间拉上以作为阻挡,出入大门的位置不要正对阳台,这形成了所谓的穿心,家中会不易聚财,易有破财事;若是长沙发摆在横梁下,可以天花板的装饰阻挡其冲煞的力量,长沙发和床不可放在梁的下面,就只,长时间使用长沙发河床的人,身体易多病痛;遮雨棚的垂檐要做成弧形,避免剑...

sat文法考什么?
不可以省略;一般放在主句的前面,如果放在主句的后面那么悬垂结构的主语有可能是整个主句 16. (句子结构)插入语--插入语一般用 —……— 或者,……,或者(……)与原句分开(注意前后一致=重要考点);插入语删除后句子结构仍旧完整(主语谓语齐全) 17. (句子结构)同位语--对最近的词进行解释说明;与主句用逗号隔开(...

SAT语法知识点汇总(全)
使用并列结构时,注意平行关系的标志词(如and, or, between等),同时内容和形式要保持一致。比较和避免重复 比较结构中的内容要保持一致,避免因单复数不匹配导致的错误。感官动词和使役动词的使用需避免重复,以体现精确的语言表达。书面语规范 最后,记住在写作中保持正式和非口语化的表达,确保语法的...

辽阳县19547208964: 悬垂结构的应用 -
弋露赛美: 一般来讲,分词或分词短语在句子中充当状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,如:Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.其中opening的逻辑主语是句子主语he.当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,则应将分词的逻辑主语补出来,...

辽阳县19547208964: 关于悬垂分词 -
弋露赛美: 悬垂分词: Sitting at the back as we are, we can't hear a word. He was lying on the couch, enjoying his pipe. Walking or sleeping, the subject was always in my mind. Expecting trouble,the guards were fully armed. Injured in saving their baby from an...

辽阳县19547208964: 悬垂分词与独立主格的区别 -
弋露赛美: 词的逻辑主语有两种:一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语,其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语.在悬垂结构中,分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如: Seen from the space, the earth look like a blue ...

辽阳县19547208964: 英语中悬垂结构的定义和例子用法 -
弋露赛美: 悬垂结构 Dangling Element的定义 一般在一个句子中,修饰语必须清楚地修饰句中某个词或短语,如果它不修饰句中的任何成分,而处于悬浮状态,这样的修饰语即为悬垂结构(Dangling Element). Climbing up the tower, the whole city came ...

辽阳县19547208964: be sure to do sth和be sure of doing sth的区别 -
弋露赛美: be sure to do sth和be sure of doing sth的区别:含义不同、用法不同、侧重点不同. 一、含义不同 1.be sure to do sth 释义:肯定、一定、谅必、势必. 2.be sure of doing sth 释义:确信、自信、信得过、有把握. 二、用法不同 1.be sure to do ...

辽阳县19547208964: 悬垂结构是怎么回事? -
弋露赛美: 如果分词的逻辑主语既不是所在句子中的主语或宾语,又不是独立主格结构,那就成了“垂悬分词”,是一种病句,应该避免.比较:我们站在海岸上,看到船在远处航行.Standing on the seashore,the ship was sailing in the distance.(误)(...

辽阳县19547208964: 在英语语法中,悬垂现象和独立主格结构有什么区别 -
弋露赛美: 首先...状语的主语和本句主语必须保持一致,但是呢,独立主格的主语不是本句的主语.例如 Looking at the boy,the girl becomes sad 这里的looking是girl发出的动作,过去分词和这一句的主语要保持一致 That girl looking at the boy,the girl becomes sad 而要是独立主格结构的话,分词主语和句子主语没有关系.这里的looking是that girl发出而不是the girl发出了

辽阳县19547208964: 垂悬分词是什么?怎样使用 -
弋露赛美: 一般的分词(短语)有意义上的逻辑主语,它或是句子的主语,或者另有自己的主语,如果没有,就称这种分词为“悬垂分词”,这样的句子一般认为是不能接受或错误的. 【例如】 ※Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are ...

辽阳县19547208964: 关于英语中分词的悬锤现象的问题?什么叫分词的悬锤现象?好想老师说
弋露赛美: 垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑.垂悬结构是种错误的句法,...

辽阳县19547208964: to teach english is her job/teaching english is her job?? -
弋露赛美: 两句都对 在这里没有区别 但不能一概而论 还是要根据当时的具体语境来判断 这里涉及到一个悬垂结构 Dangling Element的定义 一般在一个句子中,修饰语必须清楚地修饰句中某个词或短语,如果它不修饰句中的任何成分,而处于悬浮状态,...

本站内容来自于网友发表,不代表本站立场,仅表示其个人看法,不对其真实性、正确性、有效性作任何的担保
相关事宜请发邮件给我们
© 星空见康网