慈禧太后英语介绍

求有关慈禧太后的英文介绍等，最好是有中文翻译的，谢谢！！！~

以下就是 你需要更多资料 我可以发给你
Empress Dowager Cixi:
Empress Dowager Cixi, of the Manchu Yehe Nara Clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908.
Selected by the Xianfeng Emperor as a concubine in her adolescence, she climbed the ranks of Xianfeng's harem and gave birth to a son who became the Tongzhi Emperor upon Xianfeng's death. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed regency over her young son with the Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi then consolidated control and established near-absolute rule over the dynasty. She installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor in 1875. A conservative ruler who refused to adopt Western models of government, Cixi rejected reformist views on government and placed Guangxu under house arrest in later years for supporting reformers. However, she supported technological and military modernization of China's armies. After Ronglu sabotaged the Chinese army during the Boxer Rebellion against the Eight-Nation Alliance, external and internal pressures led Cixi to attempt institutional changes and appoint reform-minded officials. Ultimately, the Qing Dynasty collapsed a few years after her death.
Historians from both Kuomintang and Communist backgrounds have generally portrayed her as a despot and villain responsible for the fall of the Qing Dynasty, but in recent years other historians have suggested that she was a scapegoat for problems beyond her control, a leader no more ruthless than others, and even an effective if reluctant reformer in the last years of her life.
孝钦显皇后（慈禧太后），叶赫那拉氏，名杏贞。慈禧出身于满洲镶蓝旗（后抬入满洲镶黄旗）一个官宦世家。清文宗咸丰皇帝的妃子，清穆宗同治皇帝的生母，以皇太后身分或垂帘听政或临朝称制，为自1861年至1908年间大清帝国的实际统治者，为期仅次于清朝康熙帝和乾隆帝。生前，外人有以“慈禧太后”、“圣母皇太后”、“那拉太后”、“西太后”等称之者；自光绪年间，宫中及朝廷开始以“老佛爷”尊称之；死后谥号为“孝钦慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙配天兴圣显皇后”。
慈禧太后出身叶赫部（今四平附近），那拉氏，父惠征，原为吏部笔帖式（八品），咸丰二年（慈禧选秀入宫之年）升为安徽徽宁池太广道道员（四品）。咸丰六年，生下了咸丰帝的第一个儿子，亦是唯一成年的儿子。咸丰帝逝世于避暑山庄后，治丧期间，大行皇帝皇后钮祜禄氏住烟波致爽殿的东暖阁，叶赫那拉氏则以新皇帝生母“圣母皇太后”的身份住西暖阁，故得“西太后”之称谓。
由于在其48年的统治期间，中国除了太平天国之乱外，还饱受外国侵略，中国国力日渐衰败。其执政能力颇受争议，加上中国传统对于女性执政的负面意见，过去对慈禧的评价几乎是完全负面的。近来，史学界逐渐开始有人从历史条件局限的观点，对慈禧当政提出多元化的评价。但她在大多数人的心中，依然是一位负面人物。因为是中国少数享有盛名的女性政治人物，而常被人和唐朝的武则天相提并论。

会，会一些日常的，比如hello，bye这些；但交谈的话就不大行了

Dragon Lady (stereotype)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search
For the aircraft known as the Dragon Lady, see Lockheed U-2.
A Dragon Lady is a misogynistic stereotype of East Asian women as mean, deceitful, domineering, or mysterious.[1] The term's origin and usage is Western, not Chinese. Inspired by the characters played by actress Anna May Wong[2] the term was coined from the villain in the comic strip Terry and the Pirates.[1][2] The term has been applied to powerful Asian women, and to a number of racially Asian film actresses. The stereotype has generated a large quantity of sociological literature. Today, "Dragon Lady" is often applied anachronistically to refer to persons who lived before the term became part of American slang in the 1930s.

Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Terry and the Pirates
3 Usage
4 See also
5 Further reading
5.1 Additional Milton Caniff bibliography
6 Notes and references

[edit] Background
Although sources such as the Oxford English Dictionary[3] list uses of "dragon" and even "dragoness" from the 18th and 19th centuries to indicate a fierce and aggressive woman, there does not appear to be any use in English of "Dragon Lady" before its introduction by Milton Caniff in his comic strip Terry and the Pirates. The character first appeared on December 16, 1934, and the "Dragon Lady" appellation was first used on January 6, 1935.[4] The term does not appear in earlier "Yellow Peril" fiction such as the Fu Manchu series by Sax Rohmer or in the works of Matthew Phipps Shiel such as The Yellow Danger (1898) or The Dragon (1913). However, a 1931 film based on Rohmer’s The Daughter of Fu Manchu, entitled Daughter of the Dragon, is thought to have been partly the inspiration for the Caniff cartoon name.[2]

[edit] Terry and the Pirates
Terry and the Pirates was an action-adventure comic strip created by cartoonist Milton Caniff. Joseph Patterson, editor for the Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate, hired Caniff to create the new strip, providing Caniff with the idea of setting the strip in the Orient. A profile of Caniff in Time magazine[5] recounts the episode:

"...Patterson...asked: 'Ever do anything on the Orient?' Caniff hadn't. 'You know,' Joe Patterson mused, 'adventure can still happen out there. There could be a beautiful lady pirate, the kind men fall for...' In a few days Caniff was back with samples and 50 proposed titles; Patterson circled 'Terry' and scribbled beside it 'and the Pirates'..."
Caniff biographer, R.C. Harvey, suggests[4] that Patterson had been reading about women pirates in one of two books (or both) published a short time earlier: I Sailed with Chinese Pirates by Aleko Lilius[6] and Vampires of the Chinese Coast by Bok[7] (pseudonym for unknown). Women pirates in the South China Sea figure in both books, especially the one by Lilius, a portion of which is dedicated to the mysterious and real-life "queen of the pirates" (Lilius’ phrase), named Lai Choi San (Chinese: 来财山). "Lai Choi San" is a transliteration from Cantonese, the native language of the woman, herself — thus, the way she pronounced her own name.) Caniff appropriated the Chinese name, Lai Choi San, as the "real name" of his Dragon Lady, a fact that led both Lilius and Bok to protest.[8] Patterson pointed out that both books claimed to be non-fiction and that the name belonged to a real person; thus, neither the fact of a woman pirate nor her name could be copyrighted. (Neither Bok nor Lilius had used the actual term "Dragon Lady.") Sources are not clear on whether it was Patterson or Caniff who coined that actual term, though it was almost certainly one of the two.

[edit] Usage
Since the 1930s, when "Dragon Lady" became fixed in the English language, the term has been applied countless times to powerful Asian women, from Soong May-ling, also known as Madame Chiang Kai-shek, to Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu of Vietnam and to any number of racially Asian film actresses. That stereotype — as is the case with other racial caricatures — has generated a large quantity of sociological literature. (See Further Reading, below)

Today, "Dragon Lady" is often applied anachronistically to refer to persons who lived before the term became part of American slang in the 1930s. For example, one finds the term in recent works about the "Dragon Lady" Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: 慈禧太后; pinyin: Cíxī Tàihòu; Wade–Giles: Tz'u-Hsi T'ai-hou), who was alive at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century,[9] or references to Chinese-American actress Anna May Wong as having started her career in the 1920s and early 1930s in "Dragon Lady" roles.[10] In both these cases, however, articles written in the early 1900s about the Empress Dowager or reviews of Wong’s early films such as The Thief of Bagdad (1924) or Daughter of the Dragon (1931) — reviews written when the films appeared — make no use of the term "Dragon Lady."[11] (One writer, however, did refer to the Empress Dowager as "a little lady Bismarck.")[12] Today’s anachronistic use of "Dragon Lady" in such cases may lead the modern reader to assume that the term was in earlier use than appears to be the case.

[edit] See also
Ethnic stereotype
Ethnic stereotypes in comics
Femme fatale
Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians
Stereotypes of South Asians
Stereotypes of West and Central Asians
Ling Woo
[edit] Further reading
Lim, Shirley Jennifer (2005). A Feeling of Belonging: Asian American Women's Popular Culture, 1930-1960 (series: American History and Culture). New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0814751938; ISBN 978-0814751930.

Ma, Sheng-Mei; Ma, Sheng-Mei (November 2001). "The Deathly Embrace: Orientalism and Asian-American Identity". Journal of Asian Studies (Association for Asian Studies) 60 (4): 1130–1133. doi:10.2307/2700032. ISSN: 00219118. http://jstor.org/stable/2700032.

Menon, Elizabeth K. (2006). Evil by Design: The Creation and Marketing of the Femme Fatale (Series: Asian American Experience). Universityof Illinois Press. Dewey: 305.40944/09034.

Prasso, Sheridan (2005). The Asian Mystique: Dragon Ladies, Geisha Girls, & Our Fantasies of the Exotic Orient. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 1586482149; ISBN 978-1586482145.

Tajima, Renee (1989). "Lotus Blossoms Don't Bleed," in Making Waves: An Anthology of Writings by and About Asian American Women. Boston: Beacon Press. Dewey: 305.40944/09034.

[edit] Additional Milton Caniff bibliography
Abrams, Harry N. (1978). Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics'. Washington: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0810916126, ISBN 978-0810916128.
Caniff, Milton Arthur (1975). Enter the Dragon Lady: From the 1936 classic newspaper adventure strip (The Golden age of the comics). Escondido, California: Nostalgia Press. ASIN: B0006CUOBW.
Caniff, Milton Arthur (2007). The Complete Terry And The Pirates. San Diego, California: IDW (Idea and Design Works). ISBN 1600101003; ISBN 978-1600101007.
Harvey, Robert C. and Milton Caniff (2002). Milton Caniff: Conversations (Conversations With Comic Artists Series). Jackson, Miss.: University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1578064384; ISBN 978-1578064380.你自己选对你有用的吧！

Empress dowager cixi, xiao qin show queen, manchu, in 1835, 29 November (light fifteen years October 10) ~ 1908 November 15 (guangxu thirty four years October 22), say again "XiTai after", "the queen mother," "pull", "announced the KangYiZhao youan cixi gives ZhuangChengShou benchi khin prepare offer chung." xian After the death of the qing dynasty writings.finally for "filial piety khin cixi KangYiZhao prepare the ZhuangChengShou youan benchi khin corvee matchs days xing offered chung holy show queen". Emperor xianfeng emperor mothers, wives, pathogenesis GuangXuDi foster mother. Cixi Renaissance, can book good painting, calligraphy, painting, regular script, running script is longer than have flowers, etc were handed down.

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金湾区18490277610： 慈禧太后英文应该怎么翻译?？
太阅亨威： Empress Dowager Cixi 慈禧 Qing Dynasty 清朝

金湾区18490277610： “慈禧太后”英语怎么说?我认真的问,不懂的别来,谢谢~~ - ？
太阅亨威： Empress-Dowager Cixihe e.g.作为慈禧六十大寿生日贺礼的《新约全书》 The Presentation Copy of the “New Testament” as a Birthday Gift to Empress-Dowager Cixi

金湾区18490277610： 慈禧有什么特长 - ？
太阅亨威： 慈禧太后,孝钦显皇后,满族,1835年11月29日(道光十五年十月十日)~1908年11月15日(光绪三十四年十月二十二日),又称“西太后”、“那拉太后”、“老佛爷”,徽号“慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙”.死后清朝上谥号为“孝钦慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙配天兴圣显皇后”.咸丰帝的妃子,同治帝生母,光绪帝养母.慈禧博学多才,能书善画,书法长于行书、楷书,绘画有花卉等传世.

金湾区18490277610： 老外对慈禧的惊人评价,中国人怎么也想不到 - ？
太阅亨威： 慈禧太后在外国人眼中俨然是伟大的女性.一位名叫田原祯次郎的日本人在他的著作《日本人眼中的慈禧》中写到:＂提起西太后,无需画蛇添足.她是清国的摄政皇太后、古今无与伦比的女性政治家,这一点恐怕无人不知,无人不晓.″上海《德文新报》曾刊登了一篇名为《中国西太后》的长篇文章,称赞慈禧为非同寻常的女中豪杰. 鬼子的想法不可不提防啊!

金湾区18490277610： 慈禧太后什么来历 - ？
太阅亨威： 孝钦显皇后(慈禧太后)1835年-1908年,叶赫那拉氏,名杏贞.出生于叶赫部(今四平附近).咸丰皇帝的妃子,同治皇帝的生母,以皇太后身份或垂帘听政或临朝称制,为自1861年至1908年间大清帝国的实际统治者,为期仅次于清朝康熙帝和乾隆帝.人称清朝“无冕女皇”,由于在其48年的统治期间,中国除了太平天国之乱外,还饱受外国侵略,中国国力日渐衰败.其执政能力颇受争议,加上中国传统对于女性执政的负面意见,近来,史学界逐渐开始有人从历史条件局限的观点,对慈禧当政提出多元化的评价.但她在大多数人的心中,依然是一位负面人物.

金湾区18490277610： 简单介绍一下慈喜太后.？
太阅亨威： 希望对你有帮助: 慈禧太后,孝钦显皇后,满族,1835年11月29日(道光十五年十月十日)~1908年11月15日(光绪三十四年十月二十二日),又称“西太后”、“那拉太后”、“老佛爷”,徽号“慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙”.死后清朝上谥号为“孝钦慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙配天兴圣显皇后”.咸丰帝的妃子,同治帝生母,光绪帝养母.慈禧博学多才,能书善画,书法长于行书、楷书,绘画有花卉等传世.

金湾区18490277610： 维多利亚女王(1837~1901年在位) 为大英帝国的君主,慈禧太后(垂帘听政于1861年至1908年)则是大清国的实际统治者,两人的统治时间大致同时,其... - ？
太阅亨威：[选项] A. 英国完成了第二次工业革命,成为世界上无可争议的工业霸主 B. 大清帝国开始了现代化的进程,跻身于世界强国之列 C. 英国君主立宪制度日臻完善,这是当时世界上最先进的政治制度之一 D. 大清帝国镇压了太平天国和义和团运动,维护了国家的团结和稳定

金湾区18490277610： 慈禧太后简介哪里记录最详细 为什么说慈禧太后是最 - ？
太阅亨威： 慈禧(1835年11月29日—1908年11月15日)即孝钦显皇后,叶赫那拉氏,咸丰帝的妃嫔,同治帝的生母.晚清重要政治人物,清朝晚期的实际统治者.1852年入宫,赐号兰贵人(清史稿记载懿贵人),次年晋封懿嫔.

金湾区18490277610： 谁介绍下慈喜太后？
太阅亨威： 概述慈禧太后,孝钦显皇后,满族,1835年11月29日(道光十五年十月十日)~1908年11月15日(光绪三十四年十月二十二日),又称“西太后”、“那拉太后”、“老佛爷”,徽号“慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙”.死后清朝上谥号为“孝钦慈禧端佑康颐昭豫庄诚寿恭钦献崇熙配天兴圣显皇后”.咸丰帝的妃子,同治帝生母,光绪帝养母.慈禧博学多才,能书善画,书法长于行书、楷书,绘画有花卉等传世.