英语（非谓语动词）！在线等待！

英语非谓语动词问题~

一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能
（一）概述：
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有动词不定式（the
Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past
Participle）.
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化.例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词）,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词）,在句中作状语.
（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：
二、非谓语动词用法：
（一）动词不定式：（to）+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.
1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）
否定式：not + (to) do
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如：
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2．不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,
hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help,
agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语（不
定式）后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg,
permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on,
wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend.
注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here.
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果：
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因：
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
（7）作独立成分：
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词.
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）动名词：
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.
1．动名词的形式：
否定式：not + 动名词
（1）一般式：
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.
（2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会.
（3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.
（4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.
（5）否定式：not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.
（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.
2．动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染.
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如：
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy,
finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss,
consider, admit（承认）,deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）,
appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't
help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,
stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed
in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on,
feel like
（4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.
（三）现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.
1、现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作.
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.
2．现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后.
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in
the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to
the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.
③作方式状语,表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员.
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.
（四）过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.
过去分词的句法功能：
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了.
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.
注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等.
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life
这就是我之前的教案文档,希望你能喜欢!

（1）A big crowd gathered ____him____.
A.to hear; speak B.hearing ; speaking （答案是B，这句话怎么理解）
答案解析：以上主要考查，现在分词作宾语补足语的用法，
前面那个TO DO 是不定式作目的状语，后面HEAR SB DOING STH ，是分词做宾补
To hear him speaking 意思，听某人讲话，听某人发言
句子结构为：主语+ 谓语+ 不定式做目的状语结构 （其中目的状语有带有现在分词做HIM 的宾语补足语结构.（Sb + Verb + to Hear Him Speaking 所以答案为B ）
句子意思：一大群人聚集在一起去听他讲话，

（2）He gave me the phone number in order___contact him when we are in need of help/
A.to B. of me to C. for me to D. that (答案是C，为什么不选A 呢？）
答案解析：句子结构为：主句结构：主语+谓语+宾语 + IN ORDER FOR SB TO DO STH 引导目的状语 + 引导时间状语从句连词WHEN ：从句结构：主语+ 系动词+ （介词短语作表语）
FOR SB TO DO STH， 中FOR SB 是TO DO 逻辑主语，也就这个不定式动作发出者，因此答案为C， 句子意思：他给了我这个电话号码以便我们在需要帮助时候可以联系到他.

3. The shy girl doesn't like ____ at in public.
A.laughing B.to laugh C.laughed D.being laughed (答案D，怎么理解？）
答案解析：以上句子语法结构为：主语 + 谓语+宾语 结构
由于该主语是后面动作的承受者：因此，原来的 Sb likes doing sth 需要转变为被动语态，也就是Sb likes being done 结构了，
（1）Sb likes doing sth （该结构为主动语态，SB 为DOING STH 这个动作执行者）
（2）Sb likes being done （该结构为被动语态，SB 为DOING STH 这个动作承受者）
因此答案为D， 这个害羞的女孩子不喜欢在公众场合被取笑.

4.For some reason or another , Tom had to be ___out his plan immediately.
A.made not carry B.made not to carry (答案B，make 后面不是跟动词原形的吗？）
答案解析：使动词语态，后接宾语不足语的时候接不带TO 动词不定式，如果该为被动语态，一定要加TO ，如果变否定，直接在非谓语语动词不定式后直接加NOT 就可以啦
句子结构为：A makes B do Sth = B is made to do sth (by A )--变否=B is made not to do sth (by A ) 因此答案为B
句子意思：由于/ 处于某种原因，或者另外原因，汤母不得不停止立即执行他的计划

5.Is it any good ____?
A .to try to explain B.trying to explain (答案是C，怎么判断？）
答案解析：请把答案写全
根据句子结构：It is any good to do sth （做某事情有好处）

6.She was glad to see her child ___well
A.taken care of B.taken care (答案是A，为什么仍保留of?)
答案解析：考查，过去分词作宾语补足语：SEE SB DONE 结构，TAKE CARE OF 照顾某人，规定词组搭配，OF 不可以省略，由于主语提前，必须被动结构，所以答案为A

7.I ____on Monday but have stayed on.
A.had meat to go B.mest going C.meat to go (答案是A，我选C的，如何判断？）
8.____arriving home . I changed my mind .
A.At B.As C.On (答案C，为什么不选B呢？翻译为“当我到家时……”）
9.The problem ____this afternoon is very serious.
A.discussed B.to be discussed (答案B，非谓语动词不是没有B项的形式吗？）
10..The microscope is rather difficult____.
A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repairing
(答案A，B项呢，不应该“被修”吗？C呢，动名词表被动？）

由于时间关系，如果对答案解析非常满意，请等我，我回继续给你解答

选A。
考查虚拟语气和倒装。
倒装前的句型是：If I had remembered to colse the windows, the thief would not have got in.（假如我当初记得关窗户的话，小偷就不会进来了。）
其中由If引导的条件状语从句与过去的事实相反，故用过去完成时“had remember”。
倒装后便成为了题干中的句子。
另外考查了remember的词法：
remember doing：记得做过某事
remember to do：记得去做某事

我觉得选B，但是不是很确定

remember + to do【不定式】表示记住还没做过的动作
remember + doing【动名词】表示记住已经做过的动作

根据题意：the thief would not have got in.
我记得已经关上了窗，所以小偷将不会进来

综上，选B. closing

倒装了，A ,应该是“如果我记得关上窗户，那么小偷本不会进来”是虚拟语气加倒装。If I had remembered to close the windows ，the thief would not have got in.动作应该没发生。

当然选C了。
过去将来完成时。
如果我（那天）记得关掉窗户，小偷就不会进来了。

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万载县15939483926： 请教:高中英语非谓语动词用法!!!! 在线等!!!!!O(∩ - ∩)O谢谢!!!!! - ？
谢易尤尼： At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ________ in a small apartment near Boston and ________ what to do about his future. (2009湖南卷) A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered 选A,表示主动,所以用现在分词 有不会的可以再问我 C的话就把他当做过去式来用了,这样就有两个谓语了,不对 如果当做非谓语的过去分词来看,表示被动,也不对的

万载县15939483926： 英语非谓语动词问题,高手进,在线等~~~请详细解释3 - ？
谢易尤尼： 第一题的答案应该是A.因为:It is no good doing sth.(做某事对某人没有益处)It is no good for sb. to do sth.(某人做某事是没有好处的)第二题:因为,在英语...

万载县15939483926： 英语翻译(用非谓语动词),要人工翻译,在线等 - ？
谢易尤尼： Parents will be punished with the children anginst the rules(违反规定) so that(以至于)they are worry about(担心).

万载县15939483926： 英语非谓语动词,在线等？
谢易尤尼： 1、选A,通过后面的主句前没有连词,可以推断前面的这句话是充当条件状语的部分,所以肯定不是完整的句子,排除掉B答案.接下来考虑A\C\D,都学过倒装句there comes/is the bus,否定句为 there comes/is no bus, 作为状语从句 there ...

万载县15939483926： 英语中的非谓语动词是什么 麻烦通俗详细点 谢谢 - ？
谢易尤尼： 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式.非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分.

万载县15939483926： 英语语法 非谓语动词... - ？
谢易尤尼： 非谓语动词作定语和状语时,要看主语和动作的关系.如果主语是动作的发出者(即我们通常所说的主动),用动词现在分词.如:The sun is rising.太阳正在升起.太阳是动作的发出者,是主动升...

万载县15939483926： [英语]什么是“非谓语动词”? - ？
谢易尤尼： 在一句话中如果有许多动词,只有一个动词是谓语,其他不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词,一般是to do 或doing 例如:I want you to love me.我想要你爱我,主语是I,主语发出的动作才是谓语,不是主语发出的动作不是谓语,这句话的谓语是want,love不是谓语,所以在这句话中,love是非谓语动词,want是谓语动词

万载县15939483926： 非谓语动词用英语怎么说 - ？
谢易尤尼： the Non-Finite Verbs,这是最官方的版本.

万载县15939483926： 英语语法 非谓语动词？
谢易尤尼： He is happy. 这句中happy充当表语 I see a girl swimming in the river.其中girl为宾语而swimming为宾补,补充宾语的行为 The bowl fell down ,broking out. broking作状语,表结果.

万载县15939483926： 初中英语语法非谓语动词 - ？
谢易尤尼： 实意动词除作谓语外,还有不能单独作谓语的形式,即非谓语动词.非谓语动词包括:不定式,动名词,分词(现在分词和过去分词) 动名词 动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,特点是只能作句子的主语和宾语,但是没有单复数形式之分,在此不再...