翻译句子``

作者&投稿:薛施 (若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系)
~ 分类: 教育/科学 >> 外语学习
问题描述:

1.爸爸上周给我买了一本新书

2.有人告诉我,我必须完成作业。

3.老师告诉mary,她应该扫地。

写出被动和主动语态```

虽然很简单,但是被动语态我有点拿捏不住`最好能说一下被动的知识点~

解析:

1.(主)My father bought me a new book last week.

(被)A new book was bought for me (by my father) last week.

或者I was bought a new book (by my father) last week.

2.(主)Someone told me that I had to finish my homework.

(被)I was told that I had to finish my homework.

3.(主)The teacher told Mary that she should sweep the floor.

(被)Mary was told (by the teacher) that she should sweep the floor.

英语被动语态

被动语态英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态。今天我们着重讲被动语态。

1. 定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说:我被他打,这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动,例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是:“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。

2. 构成:be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)(+by+动作执行者)(过去分词的概念见上课)

3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候,我们把原句的宾语提前,作为改句的主语,主语后置,作为宾语。因此有一点要注意,不及物动词由于不加宾语,没有被动形式,但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语,可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不即物动词,但put out是及物动词

4. 应用到各种时态和句型如下:

① 一般式(一般现在,一般过去,一般将来):am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是:“环境一旦遭到破坏,需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起,产生”的含义,do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象,谓语应当用被动语态。同样的,还有,I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended (by me).

② 进行时(现在进行、过去进行、将来进行):be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.

③ 完成时(现在完成、过去完成、将来完成):have/has been + P.P.:例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如:My homework has been finished.

④ 其他时态依词类推,可得到结果。

⑤ 情态动词的被动语态:主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词,例如Your teeth must be brushed.

⑥ 不定式的被动语态:to be done例:The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.(确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。)

Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况

① 有些动词在主动结构中,后面接不带to的不定式,但如果改为被动,则需把省略的to加上,这类动词有hear, watch, make, help, let等,如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.

② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式,这类动词有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等

③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句,更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换,但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此,在某些题目里,这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。

例:At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.

在这段文章里,a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实,至于是由谁(某个过路人?或肇事司机?)送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者,因为在医院,伤病员自然由医务人员处理,无须罗嗦。这样,这段文章就重点突出,条理清楚了。

④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语,介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.

⑤ 有些动词虽为及物,但宾语并非是动作承受者,不能转换,这些动词有have, hold(容纳),suit, fit, lack, bee(适合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足够)等。

⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动,如I shook my head.我摇摇头。

⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语(与主句指同一人),动名词,动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.

⑧ 在一些固定说法中,有些名词和动词结合的固定说法,不能改We Chinese always keep our word.

⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词,直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时,这些动词在意思上起状语的作用,没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.

⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.

⑪ 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。

⑫ 某些词用主动表被动:sell, miss, build, grow, look, *** ell, taste, sound, feel等


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