英语句子成分练习试题及答案
句子成分
由不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫做句子。一个句子由各个功能不同的部分构成,这些部分叫做句子成分(members of the sentence)。英语的句子成分有八种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。现分述如下:
(一)主语
主语(subject)是句子所要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体。主语的位置通常在句首,一般不省略。可以担当主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词和主语从句。例如:
Walls have ears.
隔墙有耳。(名词做主语)
He will take you to the hospital.
他会带你去医院。(代词做主语)
Three plus four equals seven.
三加四等于七。(数词做主语)
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。(动词不定式做主语)
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
公共场所不允许吸烟。(动名词做主语)
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
他们来不来取决与天气。(从句做主语)
(二)谓语动词
谓语动词(predicate verb)是说明主语的动作或状态的句子成分。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。谓语动词由实义动词或系动词担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。例如:
Action speaks louder than words.
百说不如一干。
The chance may never come again.
这样的机会恐怕不会再来。
Tom was very sick at heart.
汤姆心里非常难过。
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
自1994年以来,玛丽一直在那家服装店工作。
(三)表语
表语(predicative)是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词与分词、数词、动词不定式、介词短语、副词以及表语从句等。例如:
My father is a professor.
我父亲是一位教授。(名词作表语)
Who's that? It's me.
是谁呀?是我。(代词作表语)
Everything here is dear to her.
这里的一切她都感到亲切。(形容词作表语)
The match became very exciting.
比赛变得很紧张。(分词作表语)
The story of my life may be of help to others.
我的生活经历对别人可能有帮助。(介词短语作表语)
Three times five is fifteen.
三乘五等于十五。(数词作表语)
His plan is to seek work in the city.
他的计划是在城里找工作。(动词不等式作表语)
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
我最初的想法是你应当掩饰你的感情。(从句作表语)
(四)宾语
宾语(object)表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词、数词、代词、动名词等。不定式也可作及物动词的宾语。例如:
she covered her face with her hands.
她用双手蒙住脸。(名词短语作宾语)
We haven't seen her for a long time.
我们好长时间没看到她了。(代词作宾语)
Do you mind opening the window?
打开窗户你介意吗?(动名词作宾语)
Give me four please.
请给我四个。(数词作宾语)
He wants to dream a nice dream.
他想做一个好梦。(动词不定式短语作宾语)
We need to know what others are doing.
我们需要了解其他人都在干什么。(从句作宾语)
I lived in Japan in 1986.
我1986 年住在日本。(名词和数词作介词的宾语)
(五)定语
定语(attribute)是修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之后。作定语的有名词、形容词、数词、分词及其短语、不等式及其短语、介词短语以及定语从句等。例如:
They are woman workers.
她们是女工。(名词作定语)
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
汤姆的父亲直到昨天才给家里写信。(所有格名词作定语)
Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.
应当实行同工同酬。(形容词作定语)
The play has three acts.
这出戏有三幕。(数词作定语)
This is her first trip to Europe.
这是她首次欧洲之行。(代词、数词和介词短语作定语)
China is a developing country.
中国是一个发展中国家。(分词作定语)
You haven't kept your promise to write us often.
你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。(动词不定式短语作定语)
My cat has a good nose for milk.
我的猫对牛奶嗅觉灵敏。(介词短语作定语)
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
想去西藏的人须在此签名。(从句作定语)
(六)状语
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。作状语的有副词、名词、介词短语、分词及其短语、动词不定式及其短语、状语从句等。例如:
These products are selling quickly.
这些产品现在十分畅销。(副词作状语)
He is knee deep in snow.
他踩在齐膝深的雪里。(名词作状语)
The best fish swim near the bottom.
好鱼居水底。(有价值的东西不能轻易得到。)(介词短语作状语)
She sat there doing nothing.
她坐在那里无所事事。(分词短语作状语)
We'll send a car over to fetch you.
我们将派一辆车去接你。(动词不定式短语作状语)
She was slow to make up her mind.
她迟迟不能下决心。(动词不定式短语作状语)
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。(从句作状语)
There is no such a word in English so far as I know.
据我所知,英语里没有这样一个词。(从句作状语)
(七)宾语补足语和主语补足语
英语有些及物动词,除了要有宾语之外,还要加上宾语补足语(object complement),才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。如果上述结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语(subject complement)。可以担当补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。例如:
They elected me captain of the team.
他们选我当队长。(名词短语作宾语补足语)
He made me ashamed of myself.
他使我感到惭愧。(形容词短语作宾语补足语)
We found everything there in good order.
我们发现那里的一切井井有条。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
I should advise you not to miss the chance.
我劝你不要错过机会。(不定式短语作宾语补足语)
I could feel my heart beating fast.
我可以感觉出自己的心跳得很快。(分词短语作宾语补足语)
Some goods are left unsold.
有些货物剩下未出售。(分词做主语补足语)
She was elected director of public relations.
她被选为公关部主任。(名词短语做主语补足语)
词类与句子成分既有区别又有联系。词类是孤立的单词的分类;而句子成分则指单词、词组、短语或从句在句中的作用。句子的各种成分总是由属于一定词类的单词(或词组、短语、从句)来担当的。因此在词类和句子成分之间存在着某种对应关系。现将这种对应关系列表如下:
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
宾(主)语补足语
名 词
√
√
√
√
√
√
代 词
√
√
√
√
√
形容词
√
√
√
副 词
√
√
数 词
√
√
√
√
√
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
分 词
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
介词短语
√
√
√
√
动词中的实义动词和系动词可以担当谓语。动词不定式、分词和动名词形式不能独立担当谓语。介词是虚词的一种,不能独立担当句子成分,但介词加上其后的宾语所构成的介词短语,可在句中担当多种成分。
你好,这句话的翻译是
两天的招待结束后,他彻底离开了
谢谢提问,望采纳哦。
分析下列句子成分
1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.
7. ---I love you more than her,child . 8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.16.We will make our school more beautiful.
17. He didn't come.That is why he didn't know. 18. She showed us her many of her pictures.
19. The old man lives a lonely life.
20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.
22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.
23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.
24. Go back where you came from. 25. We must do whatever the people want us to do.
26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?
28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him?
30. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.
翻 译 练 习:
主谓结构 ( 主语 + 不及物动词 )
1你应当努力学习。 2她昨天回家很晚。
3那天早上我们谈了很多。 4会议将持续两个小时。
5在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
6这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。
7 1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
8每天八时开始上课。 9这个盒子重五公斤。
10五年前我住在北京。
主谓宾结构 (主语 +及物动词 +宾语 )
1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。
5你们必须在两周内看完这些书。 6那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
7我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。
8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
9我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。
10他不知道说什麽好。
主系表结构 (主语 +系动词+表语 )
1我的兄弟都是大学生。 2冬季白天短,夜晚长。
3布朗夫人看起来很健康。 4十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
5孩子们,请保持安静。 6这本书是有关美国历史的书。
7她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。 8他失业了。
9树叶已经变黄了。 10这个报告听起来很有意思。
双宾语结构 (主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 )
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。 4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗?
5. 他把车票给列车员看。 6. 这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。
7. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。 8. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
9. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗? 10. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?
复合宾语结构 (主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 )
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15我要请人把我的录音机修理一下。 16那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了
17她正在听人家讲故事。 18男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。
19我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 20他感到很难跟你交谈。
21我想乘船去那里更舒服些。 22我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。
23学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。 24我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。
There be 句型
1今晚没有会。 2这个村子过去只有一口井。
3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。 4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
5天气预报说下午有大风。 6灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。
7战前这儿一直有家电影院的。 8恰好那时房里没人。
9从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 10公共汽车来了。
11就只剩下二十八美元了。 12在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。
13铃响了。 14二月份有二十八天。
KEYS
分析下列句子成分
1. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
3. 主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 4. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
5. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 6. 主语 +动词 + 形式宾语 it+ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 8. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
9. 主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 10. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
11. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 12 主语 +及物动词 +宾语
13. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 14. 主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
15. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 16. 主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
17. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 18. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
19. 主语 + 不及物动词 20. 主语 + 不及物动词
21. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 22. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
23. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 24. 主语 + 不及物动词
25. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 26. 主语 + 不及物动词
27. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 28. 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
29. 主语 +及物动词 +宾语 30. 主语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
翻 译 练 习:
主谓结构 ( 主语 + 不及物动词 )
1You should study hard.
2 She went home very late yesterday evening.
3That morning we talked a great deal.
4The meeting will last two hours.
5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.
8Classes begin at eight every day.
9This box weighs five kilos.
10 I lived in Beijing five years ago.
主谓宾结构 (主语 + 及物动词 +宾语 )
1.I wrote a letter last night.
2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3.He has read this book many times.
4.They have carried out the plan successfully.
5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
6.That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.
7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.
8.Jim cannot dress himself.
9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
10.He did not know what to say.
主系表结构 (主语 + 系动词 +主语补语 )
1My brothers are all college students. 2In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy. 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5 Children, keep quiet please. 6 This book is about the history of the United States.
7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 8He is out of work.
9The leaves have turned yellow. 10The report sounds interesting.
双宾语结构 (主语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 )
1Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5He showed the ticket to the conductor.
6This term I have written three letters to my parents.
7My father has bought me a new bike.
8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat.
9Will you please get me a new copy?
10 Shall I call you a taxi?
复合宾语结构 (主语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 )
1We call her Alice. 2His parents named him John.
3All of us considered him honest. 4They pushed the door open.
5They have set the thief free. 6We will make our school more beautiful.
7He asked us to join in the game. 8I want you to tell me the truth.
9The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 12The pain made him cry out.
13We won’t let her go out at night. 14He has his hair cut once a month.
15I’ll get my recorder mended. 16The terrible sound made the children frightened. 17She is listening to someone telling stories. 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19I have never seen the word used that way before. 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.
23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
24I thought it no use talking with that man
There be 句型
1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2There was only a well in the village.
3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6
6The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7There used to be a cinema here before the war.
8There happened to be nobody in the room.
9Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
10There comes the bus.
11There remained just twenty-eight dollars.
12In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree.
13There goes the bell.
14There are twenty-eight days in February
用句子成分层次分析法,对下列句子进行层次分析?(用图片上这种形式...
疾呼改革的作品(主语)已经广泛触及经济、政治、伦理、道德及文化心态(谓语)。总结:本次对话运用了句子成分层次分析法对四个句子进行了分析。结合上下文和语法,提炼出每个句子的主语、谓语、时间状语、地点状语、方式状语等成分,并从中理解相关句子所想表达的意思。此外,通过这个练习,我们可以提高语言...
初中英语划分句子成分练习题及答案
主 谓 宾 宾语补足语 6.your job today is to help the old.——— ——- —— ———主 定语 系动词 表语 7.Speaking doesn't mean doing.——— ——— ——主 谓 宾 8.Bye the time I got to the station,the train had left.——— ———...
句子成分划分题及答案有哪些?
句子成分划分题及答案如下。在一个句子里,词与词之间或短语之间有着一定的结构关系,按照不同的关系可以把句子分成若干个不同的组成部分,这些组成部分叫作句子成分。1、主语、谓语、宾语——句子的主要成分。主语就是谓语陈述的对象,主要由名词、代词充当,动词、形容词、数量词及其短语也可充当主语。
划分句子成分题 套说清哪是主语 哪是谓语。。。快点急啊
1,主语my father, 谓语was,表语 sailor 2. 主语time,谓语flies,状语fast 3.主语the milk,谓语tastes,状语fresh 4. 主语I,谓语am,表语a hurry,宾语补足语to find a job 5. 主语you,谓语get,宾语him,状语to me 6.主语she,谓语locked...up,宾语all the rooms 7.主语I,谓语found,...
初二句子成分分析练习.
1、那(主语)真(状语)是(谓语)理想的(定语)衣服(宾语)。2、我的(定语)作文(主语)常常(状语)得到(谓语)他的赞许(补语)。3、他(主语)把(谓语)眼睛睁得大大的(补语)。4、我(主语)慢慢地把身体(状语)移(谓语)过去(补语)。
句子成分分析的题目,请帮忙解答
1.孩子成长才---主语 是---谓语 每个家长的---定语 希望---宾语 2.研制模仿人的动作和智能的---主语 自动机器---主语 ,有--谓语 几十年的---定语 历史---宾语 3.我---主语 觉得--谓语 我们的---定语 展示---宾语 太伟大了---宾补 4.母亲那种勤劳俭朴的习惯,母亲那种宽厚仁慈的...
找出下列句子成分
5.they主语,are reading是构成现在进行时态做谓语,books是宾语 6.he主语,bought是谓语(过去式),a computer宾语,last week时间状语 7.my形容词物主代词做定语,和mother一起构成主语,is是系统词,a scientist作表语 8.she做主语,looks(系统词),young表语,系表结构 9.the food主语,tastes...
现代汉语(划分句子成分)
把病(状语)治好了(谓语2)。2.彭德怀(主语)把身上的棉衣(介宾作状语)脱下来(动补谓语)给受伤的战士(介宾状语)盖上(动补谓语)。3.最近(时间状语)日本右翼势力(主语)不断(状语)抬头(谓语),整个分句作主语。使中日关系(介宾状语)蒙上了(谓语中心语)一层阴影(宾语)。
划分句子成分练习题及答案
表示主语 表示谓语 表示宾语 ()表示定语 【】表示状语 < >表示补语 (白求恩同志毫不利己专门利人的)精神 鼓舞着我们。他们 是(世界上一切伟大人民的优秀之)花。这 是(我的老朋友的)作品。1949年10月1日,毛主席在天安门城楼上向全世界庄严宣告:“中华人民共和国成立了!”我 ...
句子成分练习
五、逗号用于分隔一个插入语 插入语是用于补充说明或者强调句子中的某个部分的词、短语或从句。例如:-John,whoismyneighbor,isadoctor.-Theweather,asusual,isunpredictable.六、逗号用于分隔一个省略的动词或助动词 当句子中省略了一个动词或助动词时,可以使用逗号将其分隔开来。例如:-Shelikesswimming...
薛咽妇血:[答案] Exercises 分析下列句子成分 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought m...
庐江县19145608611: 较简单的英语划分句子成分练习题及答案 越多越好! - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语.(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位...
庐江县19145608611: 英语句子成分练习 - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] [英语句子成分练习]英语句子成分及结构句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语 一.主语 主语: 主语 A mooncake is a delicious, round cake. I don't know if it will grow. One of them is English. T...
庐江县19145608611: 英语 划分句子成分 分出主谓宾,主谓还有主系表.划分句子成分练习1.\x05He comes from England2.\x05He is from China3.\x05Tom likes bananas4.\x05They ... - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 1.\x05He主语 comes谓语 from England(介宾结构做状语) 2.\x05He 主语is系动词 from China(介宾结构做表语) 或者把 ... some tobacco 主语, in the tin主语补语,一般不会要求分析这个句式的成分 16.\x05Some children 主语are going谓语 to the ...
庐江县19145608611: 几道英语句子成分的题目!1.it's good to swim in summer 中的.to swim in summer2.we made him a bed 中的 him 和bed3.It doesn't matter weather she will ... - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 1.it's good to swim in summer 中的.to swim in summer这句话的正常语序是:To swim is good in summer.To swim 是主语(不定式做主语),In summer,是作状语(时间状语)2.we made him a bed 中的 him 和bed这个句...
庐江县19145608611: 几道英语句子成分划分题目1.there is going to be an american film tonight."there is going to be"和"an american film "2.Tom came to ask me for advice."... - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 1there be句型,真正的谓语是be,an american film是宾语.2came to ask是句子的谓语,谓语动词是come,me是宾语,for advice是宾语补足语.3it是宾语,后面的都是宾语补足语4anything是宾语,后面的是宾语补足语根据这几个问...
庐江县19145608611: 英语句子成分划分练习,求指点还有翻译,求指正Must you interrupt now?Can't you see I'm on the phone?Sorry Sir,but it's urgent.Must you(主语) interrupt(... - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 前面的句子成分分析得很好,但是下面这个句子成分得分析是有问题的 He couldn't sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it. He(主语) couldn't(谓语) sleep,(宾语)although he(主语) tried to,(...
庐江县19145608611: 几道英语句子组成成分问题.1)指出下列句中的 宾语补足语.1.They call me Lily sometimes.2.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground?2)指出下... - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 作宾语补足语: 1 Lily 2 playing football 作状语: 1 With the medicine box under her arm 2 if you've lost it ,you must pay for it.(由IF 引导的状语从句,即句子作状语) 3 to see the other machine (动词不定式作目的状语)
庐江县19145608611: 英语句子成分分析He is in class one,and I'm in class two. - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] and连接两个并列句 并列句中 he 和 I 是主语 is和am是谓语 in class one和in class two是介词短语作宾语.
庐江县19145608611: 有没有适合初中学生做的英语语法练习,主要是句子成分主谓宾的练习 - ?
薛咽妇血:[答案] 划分句子成分练习1.\x09He comes from England2.\x09He is from China3.\x09Tom likes bananas4.\x09They are students.5.\x09Kitty and Sam is at school.6.\x09They are happy.7.\x09My mother gives me a candy 8...