英语语句中什么样子的词会引起主谓倒装在句子里

英语倒装句~

倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化，主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种：
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前，谓语动词位置不变，即为部分倒装，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时，句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有：
Not only…(but also), 　　　　　　　Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不)　　　　　　　 Nwhere
At no time　　　　　　　 Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不)　　　　　　　In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装，只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中，需填入的是倒装部分，只要在句首见到上述的词，就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题：
(1)
---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until

答案：A
解释：由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866.

(2)
Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.
(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become
(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became
(C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become
(D) became “The Star-spangled Banner”

答案：C
解释：否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装，只有C符合倒装语序

第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语，且主语偏长时，往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首，引起主谓的全部倒装
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.

例题：
(1)
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope

答案：C
解释：此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.

(2)
The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive.
(A) that many sanctuaries were
(B) were many sanctuaries
(C) were there many sanctuaries
(D) there the many sanctuaries

答案：B
解释：and是并列句的连接词，逗号前是分句一，and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前，空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语，D无谓语，可先排除；A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的，只能选B
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装，可分以下几种情况：
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前，必须部分倒装
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.

2. often, such, so等副词提前，部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意，so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入，佛罗里达也是这样
　　　
同理，体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞，我也不会。
　　　
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前，全部倒装
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.

例题：
(1)
　As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the
　　　　　　　　　　A　　　　　　B　　　　　C　　　　　　　　D
　environment.

答案：D
应改为：has
解释：逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句，表示同前者相同，倒装的助动词应与前一句一致，也用has

(2)
Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities.
(A) to be safe for a space vessel
(B) is it safe for a space vessel
(C) for a space vessel to be safe
(D) a space vessel to be safe

答案：B
解释：副词only引导状语放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装，只有B符合题意
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序，由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?

例题：
(1)
Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living

答案：C
解释：此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语

为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。
倒装句就是把原本的语序颠倒过来。

什么是原本的语序呢？即，主语+谓语+宾语这样子的语序。

那么颠倒过来之后，句子有什么特点呢？如何倒装呢？有一下两种情况，

1）部分倒装/宾语倒装：宾语+主语+谓语。

举例：there comes the bus。公交车来了这里。原句应该这zhe bus coms there.现在把there宾语提前了。

同样的还有here you are。

2）完全倒装/谓语倒装：宾语+谓语+主语。

举例：from the door rushed out a lady.以为女士从门冲出来。原句应该是 a lady rushed out from the door.现在把主语放在最后，宾语放在最前面。

最后为什么要倒装？

倒装是为了强调。

一般我们强调什么东西，就会把什么东西放在前面，中国人说下雨了，就是想强调下雨了，如果是说好大的雨呀，就是想强调是好大的雨，而不是下了雨

倒装句是把谓语动词提到主语之前的句子。
完全倒装，是把谓语动词全部移到主语之前，如：
一、表示地点的状语位于句首，句子要发生完全倒装，如果谓语动词为进行时或被动语态，还要把现在分词和过去分词一起放到主语前面去：
Here comes the teacher.
Then came the body shop.
Now comes your turn.
Over the wall came a shower of stones.
Round and round flew the plane.
Standing at the door was a man with a gun.
二、在叙事性书面语中，直接引语后常跟asked Mary,answered John,said the old lady,grunted Peter之类的词语。在这些词语中，动词常在主语之前，主语是代词时，不用倒装。
“What do you mean?” asked Henry.
三、表语置于句首。
当主语是代词，谓语是系动词，表语是说明性的词、词组和定语从句时，可以使用完全倒装句，起强调作用。
Happy is the country that has no war.
Faint grew the sound of the bell.
部分倒装是指将该句中谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中没有助动词或情态动词，就要在谓语动词前加助动词do、does、did。
一、否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装。一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完成式。在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都要置于主语之后。
Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.（小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。）
In no country other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.（据说除了英国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化）
Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.
You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I.
The besieged enemy could not advance,（nor / neither） retreat could they.
She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.
All that is true, nor must we forget it.
二、only加状语，要采用部分倒装格式。
Only in the country can you learn the “true English”.
如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装：　例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.（只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。）
三、当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格。)
等于so时，意义是“也，也是”。
例：She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. （她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。）
四、so的倒装句。
a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装句：
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：
例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
五、在进行比较的句子里，如果主语不是代词时，可以倒装：
America consumes more energy than did our country.
在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。如May you happy.
在文学作品中常出现倒装，有些是由于语法习惯，有些是为了简单的修辞，如Not even one cloud will I bring away（不带走一片云彩），这里的倒装，是由于否定字放在句首要求的。
希望我能帮助你解疑释惑。

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