名词性从句问题~~~~急~~~
名词性从句就是句子担任名词性的成分，如主语，宾语，表语，同位语。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句
（1）What he said is true.
（2）When they will arrive is not known yet.
（3）That he succeeded in doing the experiment was encouraging.
（4）Whether he will accept the invitation remains a secret.
（5）It is important that we should learn English well.
2. 宾语从句
（1）I don't know if he has done the work.
（2）Did he say that he liked football ?
（3）They expected that they would be given another chance.
（4）The girl told me that she had longed to visit China.
3. 表语从句
（1）The question is whether we have enough time to do the experiment again.
（2）His greatest wish was that someday he would become a general.
（3）His suggestion was that we should discuss the plan carefully.
（4）My question is when they can finish the work.
4. 同位语从句
（1）You have no idea how eager they are to know the result.
（2）He made a suggestion that the work should be given to him.
（3）Have you heard the news that Premire Wen visited our school last Friday ？
（4）The fact that he got full mark in the composition made his parents very happy.
名词性从句主要从以下几点把握：
1. 语序。从句一定要是陈述语序。如：
（1）These pictures will show you what the village looks like now.
（2）How many guests will be invited isn’t decided yet.
2. 时态。宾语从句的时态需要和主句进行协调。如主句是过去时，从句要用相应的过去时。
（1）He told me that he had seen the film.
（2）They said they would spend their holiday in Hainan.
（3）Father said he was carrying out an important project.
（4）Did you know where the accident took place ?
3. 连词。引导名词性从句的连词分为三种：连词 that, whether, if （在主语、表语、同位语从句中用 whether 不用if ）；连接代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 等; 连接副词 when, where, how, why 等。
（1）Whether the team has won the game is not announced yet. （主语从句）
（2）How many people will take part in the competition will be known soon. （主语从句）
（3）My idea is that we should spend our holidays by the seaside. （表语从句）
（4）My question is how they finished the work in such a short time. （表语从句）
（5）Many people are shocked at the news that there are so many SARS cases in Beijing. （同位语从句）
（6）His suggestion that we should discuss the plan again has been received. （同位语从句）
（7）I didn’t know if they had seen the film. （宾语从句）
（8）We haven’t decided when we’ll start the project. （宾语从句）
4. 形式主语和形式宾语的应用：
当主语从句比较长，主句比较短时，通常用形式主语it，而把从句放在后面，如：
（1）It is said that they have succeeded in working out the problem.
（2）It was important that we should make the plan carefully.
（3）It remains a secret how the animals came to live in the sea.
当宾语从句后面有补语的时候,我们也需要用形式宾语it, 而将宾语从句放在补语之后,如：
（1）I found it very difficult that one learns several languages at the same time.
（2）He thinks it necessary that we should be given more time practising oral English.
（3）He made it clear that he would leave the office soon.
5. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用: 在demand， insist， suggest， command， require， request， order， propose 等表示命令， 要求，请求，建议等意义的动词后，宾语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式为: should do ， should 可省，直接用动词原形，如:
（1）He suggested that we （should） go outing this weekend.
（2）The Emperor ordered that the clothes （should） be made for him at once.
（3）He insisted that we （should） stay for lunch.
这种虚拟语气也可以运用在其他的名词性从句中,从句内容不变, 如:
（1）It was suggested that we should go outing this weekend. （主语从句）
（2）He made a suggestion that we should go outing this weekend. （同位语从句）
（3）His suggestion was that we should go outing this weekend. （表语从句）
6. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别:
定语从句修饰前面的名词,而同位语从句说明前面名词的内容,引导定语从句的that在从句中担任名词性成分,而同位语从句中的 that 不担任任何句子成分.如:
（1）Have you heard the news that was broadcast this morning ? （定语从句）
（2）Have you heard the news that we defeated the Japanese football team ?（同位语从句）
（3）What do you think of the suggestion that was put forward by Lily ?（定语从句）
（4）What do you think of the suggestion that we should speak only English in class ?（同位语从句）
7. 几个容易混淆的连词：
A. whether 和 if：whether可以用在所有的名词性从句中；而if 只能用于宾语从句，另外，如果有介词的话，仍然用whether。
（1）Whether the advice will be accepted is not known. （主语从句,不可以用if）
（2）I have no idea whether he will come. （同位语从句,不可以用if.）
（3）The problem is whether we have enough time to do it again. （表语从句,不可以用if .）
（4）He didn’t tell me whether （if ） he would accept my invitation. （宾语从句,两者都可以）
（5）Everything depends on whether we have enough manpower. （介词之后不用if ）
B. what 和 that：that 在名词性从句中不担任句子成分；what 在名词性从句中做主语，宾语，表语等，通常译为”所．．．的”，如：
（1）What we have done is very important. （what 做宾语）
（2）That they have done the work is good news. （that 无句子成分）
（3）I believe what he said. （what 做宾语）
（4）I believe that he told truth. （that 无句子成分）
三种由what引导的从句都是名词性从句
先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）和关系副词(where,when,why,)。
复合句 ： The man who (that) came is Mike.
先行词 关系代词
Li Ming is the one that got full marks in our class.
先行词 关系代词
上句的黑体字为复合句中的主句，蓝体字为定语从句.
一 定语从句的关系代词 Which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
This is the pen which was given by my friend.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
This is the pen which my friend gave to me.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
二 定语从句的关系代词 Who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用whom)
The man who is wearing a white suit is my brother.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
The man who\whom he wanted to see last week is in Shanghai.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl with whom I went there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
三 定语从句的关系代词 Whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
This is the teacher whom\who we like best.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
She is the girl whom\ who I went with there.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾.
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于前.
四 定语从句的关系代词 that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
The animal that \which is lost is a panda.
先行词 指物代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
She is the person that \who we are worried about.
先行词 指人代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
注意1 that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
(1) 关系代词前有介词时.
This is the hotel in which you will stay.
(2) 如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
(1) 先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
(2) 先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
He is the last person that I want to see.
(3) 主句中已有疑问词时
Which is the bike that you lost?
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时
The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
(5) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等代词时
You should hand in all that you have.
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
I mean the one that you talked about just now.
(6) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
(7) 有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
定语从句的关系副词 Where的用法:若先行词指地点且其在定语从句中充当地点状语.
This is the house+I was born in the house. (=I was born there)
介词短语 副词
=This is the house where I was born.这就是我在那儿出生的房子.
先行词 关系副词
in which I was born.
介词+关系代词
which I was born in.
关系代词
这里作介宾的which和that可以省略
that I was born in
关系代词.
练习：用which ，where填空
1 This is the factory where they want to visit。
2 My sister works in a bookshop in which we can read many kinds of books
3 Have you visited the city where the famous scientist was born?
4 Is this the museum which they visited last month?
5 He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.
6 The pencil with _which_______ he wrote was broken.
7 Is this the shop _which____ sells children’s clothing?
8 I still remember the sitting-room _where____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
9 Don’t go in, this is the shop _which____ we have just been to。
10 Please show me the book _which____ you bought yesterday _____.
二 定语从句的关系副词 When的用法: 若先行词指时间且其在定语从句
中充当时间状语.
He came at a time +we needed help at a time.
介词短语
=He came at a time when we needed help
关系副词
at which we needed help
介词+关系代词
which we needed help at
关系代词 这里的作介宾的which 和that可以省略
that we needed help at
三 关系副词why的用法：在定语从句中只要先行词是the reason，它的关系副词就是why。
如：The reason why I’m calling you is to invite you to the party.
The question is _____ he can arrive at the hotel.可以用when，引导名词性状语从句。后面那个应该是同位语从句，that is when i realized the important of journalism，句子结构不完整，that相当于句子中的when i realized the important of journalism。
The question is _____ he can arrive at the hotel.
这句话横线可以填的不仅仅是when，还可以是：whether，how等。
名词性从句要按照意思来选择引导词：
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.表示时间
The question is whether he can arrive at the hotel.表示“是否”
The question is how he can arrive at the hotel.表示到达宾馆的交通方式。
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锁药制霉： 名词性从句,顾名思义,就是以名词作为先行词的从句(通俗地讲就是跟在名词后面的从句).名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等具体的结构我会各用一个句子来形象表达:1)主语从句,以一个句子作主语,引导...
白城市18959783071： 英语名词性从句 - ？
锁药制霉： 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在复合句中起名词的作用,这四种从句合称名词性从句.它们在主句中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语,都不能用逗号与主句分开.(注:句中划线部分为从句) ■主语从句 1、定义:先找到句子的...
