关于英语从句问题
只要记住几个原则,不需要去背诵很复杂、很冗繁的语法。
一般情况下,主句、从句时态要一致,这样符合逻辑。
when、if等引导的从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时。
主句用过去时,从句一般也用过去“相关的”某种时态,比如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时等。
但是,从句如果说的是一种真理、一种自然现象,那么可以用一般现在时等。
比如:She said the earth moves around the sun.
她说地球绕着太阳转。
She said是主句,用一般过去时,但宾语从句还是用了一般现在时,因为从句所说的是一个真理。
这里只是简单的给你举两种情况。其实听我一句话,没必要记住那些,碰到那些句子,你就从汉语的角度去理解,好好理解那些话的含义,你觉得该用什么时态,就用什么时态。特殊情况,特殊记忆。
状语从句是高考的热点,也是一个难点,下面就高考试题 分析一下考点。
一. 注意连接词的选用
用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。根据其用途,状语从句可分为时间、地点、方式、条件,原因、让步、目的、结果及比较状语从句等。不同的状语从句使用不同的连接词,有时同一个连接词可连接不同的状语从句,表示不同的意义。在历年高考中,状语从句考的较多的是时间状语从句,其次是地点状语从句和方式状语从句。
考例:
1.I didn’t manage to do it __ you had explained now. (MET1987)
A. until B. unless C. when D. before (A)
2.-What was the party like ?
-Wonderful. It’s years ___I enjoyed myself so much (MET1993)
A. after B. before C. when D. since (D)
3.-I’m going to the post office.
-____you ‘re there, can you get me some stamps? (MET1999)
A. as B. while C. because D. If (B)
4. After the war, a new school building was put up ___there had once been a theatre.(MET1997)
A. that B. where C. which D. when (B)
5.____ you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.(2004 全国卷二)
A. though B. whether C. until D. unless (D)
二.注意主句和状语从句的时态
一般来说,主句可使用各种时态。状语从句通常使用一般时、过去时、进行时及完成时。值的注意的是,状语从句指的是将来情况时不能使用将来时态,而要酌情使用现在时、过去时或完成时。在高考有关状语从句的试题中,其中一半以上的试题都是考主句或状语从句的时态。
考例:
5.We will start as soon as our team leader___. (MET1981)
A. comes B. will come C. come D .is coming ( A)
6. Don’t get off the bus until it ___.(MET1984)
A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop (A)
7. My brother ___while he ___his bicycle and hurt himself. (MET1989)
A. fell; was riding B. fell; were riding
C. had fallen; rode D. had fallen; was riding. (D)
8. As she __the newspaper, Granny ___asleep.(MET1995)
A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell (B)
C. was reading; was falling D.read; fell
10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _____to eat more fruit and vegetables (2004 上海)
A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded ( D)
三,注意倒装语序
Not until/till--- ,No sooner ---than , hardly |---when/before等引导的句子,句子的主句部分需用倒装语序,而状语从句则用正常语序。
如;1. He had searcely gone into the room when the telephone rang
_Scarcely had he gone into the room when the telephone rang.
他一进房间电话铃就响了
2. The children won’t come home until it is dark
-Not until it is dark will the children come home
孩子们不到天黑不回家。
Not until I began to work __how much time I had wasted (MET1990)
A. didn’t realize B. did I realize
C.I didn’t realize D.I realized (B)
四,注意强调句型
由It is /was +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分 构成的强调句型,被强调部分可以是句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语及状语从句等。当被强调部分指人时,可用that或who引出;指事物时,用that引出,而不用when或where,这一点很重要,为了迷惑考生,增加试题的难度,命题人员在考查状语从句时,往往使用强调句型。
It was only when I reread his poems recently _____.I began to appreciate their beauty . (NMET98)
A. until B. that C. then D. so (B)
五.注意并列句与主从复合句的区别。
由两个或两个以上的独立分词构成的句子叫做并列句。这些独立的分句处于平等的、互不依存的并列地位。并列句之间可以使用逗号、分号和并列连词。如:
He played the piano and she sang.他弹钢琴,她唱歌。
I was tired ,so I went to bed earlier.我累了,所以早点睡觉了。
状语从句是从属于主句的一种成分,它依存于主句,不能单独成句,通常由从属连词引出。如:
When I came in, he was reading a book.
我进来时他正在看书
Tom learns computer where his father works.
汤姆在他父亲上班的地方学电脑。
We had better hurry ___it is getting dark.(MET1998 )
A. and B. but C. as D. unless(B )
值得注意的是,在含状语从句的复合句中,主句的前面不能使用任何并列连词。
No matter how hard he worked, ____ (MeT1984)
A. he could not do any better
B. and he could not do any better
C. so he could not do any better
D. but he could not do any better (B)
六.注意句子的语态。
语态是动词的一种形式,用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系,由Be的相应形式+动词的过去分词 构成。在各种句子中,如果句子的主语不是动作的执行者,应使 用被动语态,但只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态。
Women were looked down upon in the past.
妇女过去受到歧视
I need one more stamp before my collection ___.(met1994)
A. has completed B. completes
C. had been completed D. is completed (D)
练习:
1. -How long do you think it will be ___China sends a manned spaceship to the moon ?
-Perhaps two or three years (2006福建)
A. when B. until C. that D. before
2. –Mom, what did your doctor say?
-He advised me to live ___the air is fresher. (2006 四川)
A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where
3. He transplanted the little tree to the garden ____it was the best time for it.
A. where B. when C. that D. until (2005上海)
4. He tried his best to solve the problem,___difficult it was .
A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although (2005 天津)
5. ___, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005 重庆)
A. a quiet student as he may be
B. quiet student as he may be
C. be a quiet student as he may
D. quiet as he may be a student
6. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ___they are different from your own. (2005 湖南)
A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though
7. It was some time ___we realized the truth. (2005 山东)
A. when B. until C. since D. before
8. Lose one hour in the morning ___you will be looking for it the rest of the day . (2005北京)
A. but B. and C. or D. so
9. –Roses need special care ___they can live through winter. (2004 全国卷一)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
10. There were dirty marks on her trousers ____she had wiped her hands. _(2004 全国卷二)
A. where B. which C. when D. that
1-5 . DDBA B 6-10 BB BB A
例:The girl said she would go to the zoo with her mum.
I wonder if he will come.
I wonder if he will come or not.
I asked when we would meet.(注意:语序必须是陈述句语序:主句用现在时,从句可用任何时态,主句如果用过去时,从句必须用过去的某种时态)
状语从句:就是修饰句子中名词的句子,包括主语和宾语。状语从句都可用that连接,修饰人做主语,还可用who连接,修饰人做宾语,还可用who或不用连接词;修饰物作主语,还可用which,修饰物作宾语还可用which或不用连接词;如果表示谁的什么东西,就用whose连接。
例:修饰人做主语:The girl who wear a red shirt is playing volleyball.
修饰人做宾语:I told the girl who/不填 is talking with others to keep quiet.
修饰物作主语:The cat which I like best is lying in the sun.
修饰物作宾语:I like the dog which has white skin.(注意:定语从句盖住从句后仍是一个完整的句子)
状语从句:表示时间、地点、原因等的从句。
例:时间状语从句:We were eating when he came in.
He fell asleep while he was listening to music.
原因状语从句:I was late because my clock went wrong.
条件状语从句:He will come if it does not rain.
希望可以给你一些帮助
楼上错,在句中充当主语成分的句子才叫主语从句。楼上的例句是一个定语从句。
宾语从句就是在句中作宾语的从句。
举个例子:
What you get depends on how hard you work.
What you get是主从,how hard you work是宾从。
表语从句跟在be后面,比如:
It is not what I`m looking for.
状语从句就是在句中作状语,如时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、让步状语,etc.
比如:
When I look at you,I feel sad.(时间状语)
We`re going where your parents are living.(地点状语)
......
定语从句是修饰句子中的名词性成份的,本身不影响整个句子的结构。如:
Tom,whom I jut met yesterday,is a sailor.
还有同位语从句,是对句中某个名词性成份的解释或者补充,和定从的不同在于先行词在同位语从句中不充当成份。经常用在消息、传闻之类的词上。例如:
The news that he was killed gave me a shock.
Rumor goes it that Napoleon was far-sighted.
个人陋见,希望有帮助。
修饰主语的从句叫主语从句
The man who is named Leo has a gun.
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