求新目标八年级上册英语语法公式

求八年级新目标英语上册语法总结！！！！！！！~

Unit 1:
1. 表频率的词汇和短语：
always usually often never hardly ever
sometimes seldom once a day twice a month
three times a week every two weeks once in a while
2. 做事情的频率（how often you do things）:
－What do you usually do in the morning?
－I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.
I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.
3. 如何提问频率“多久一次”
－How often does he play tennis?
－He plays tennis every day.

－How often do you drink milk?
－I drink milk once a day.

－How often do they go to the movies?
－Sometimes.

Unit 2:
1. 询问别人身体状况：
What’s wrong with you?
What’s the matter with you?
What’s the trouble?
2. 提出建议（give advice and make suggestions）
－What’s wrong with you?
－I have a headache.
－You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn’t work late.
－I have a fever.
－You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn’t be stressed out.

Unit 3：
一般将来时：
1. 现在进行时“be+动词ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
－What are you doing for vacation?
－I’m visiting Tibet.
－Where are you going on May Day?
－I’m going to the beach.

－How many students are coming to out party tomorrow?
－Fifty.
2. “be going to +动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事，表示“人”打算，计划，决定要去做的事。
They are going to travel in China.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
－Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up?
－Yes, I am.
3. 用“shall＋动词原形”或“will＋动词原形”表示一般将来时。
（shall只用于第一人称）
We shall go to the beach this Sunday.
My brother will finish middle school in a year.
These birds won’t fly to the south in winter.
When will they begin the work?

Unit 4：
谈论如何到达某地，以及以何种方式到达某地。
－How do you get to the museum?
－I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.
注意区别：
（1）take the bus = go by bus
eg: I take the bus to get to school.
= I get to school by bus.
take the train = go by train
eg: He takes the train to go to school.
He gets to school by train.
take the subway = go by subway
take a taxi = go by taxi
go in a car = go by car
ride a bike = go by bike
walk = go on foot

How引导的疑问句：
1. How does Lucia get to work? （提问方式“如何”）
2. Dave is going to travel to Paris by plane. How long does it take?
（提问时间长短“多长时间”）
3. How far is it from the post office to the museum?
（提问距离“多远”）
4. How often does Kate swim in the river? （提问频率“多久一次”）
5. How old is the little boy? （提问年龄“多大”）
6. How many cows are there? （提问数量“多少”many后跟可数名词）
7. How much water is there in the bottle?
（提问数量“多少”much后跟不可数名词）
8. How much is the doll?
（提问价钱“多少钱”）
9. How tall is his teacher?
（提问高度“多高”）
10. How was the weather?
（提问程度“怎样”）
Unit 5
情态动词“can”表示可能性，或现在决定将来的事。
练习用“Can …? ”发出邀请，接受或拒绝并给出原因：
－Can you come to my party on Monday?
－Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test.
－Can she go to the movies?
－No, she can’t. She has to do her homework.
－Can he go to the football game tomorrow?
－No, he can’t. He has a driving lessons.
－Can they go to the concert tonight?
－No, they can’t. They are visiting their uncle.

Unit 6:
形容词比较级：
形容词比较级是用来表示事物的等级差别。
I. 形容词比较级的构成：
规则变化：
1. 一般单音节词末尾加－er。
tall－taller great－greater
2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以－le结尾的双音节词只加－r。
nice－nicer large－larger able－abler
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加－er。
big－bigger hot－hotter
4. “辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加－er。
easy－easier busy－busier
5. 少数以－er，－ow结尾的双音节词末尾加－er.
clever－cleverer narrow－narrower
6. 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more来构成比较级。
important－more important beautiful－more beautiful
不规则变化：
good－better well（健康的）－better
bad－worse ill－worse
old－older / elder many－more
much－more little（少的）－less
far（远的）－farther / further

II. 比较级句型：
1. 比较级＋than … …比…较为
A ＋动词＋形容词比较级＋than＋B.
两者相比较，A比B更…一些。
I am older than you.
Mary is happier than Jane.
His brother is younger than I（me）.
Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan.
My sister has longer hair than Tara.
Her mother is thinner than her father.
Jack is taller than Tom.
2. as…as
A+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示A和B两者比较，程度相同，“…和…相同”。
My uncle is as tall as your father.
Tom is as honest as John.
My dog is as old as that one.
A…＋not＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B 表示A，B两者程度不同，即A不如B那么…
My uncle is not as tall as your father.
Tom is not as honest as John.
This jacket is not as cheap as that one.
3. the same as 与…相同。
My friend is the same as me. We are both quiet.
A good friend likes to do the same things as me.

　　新目标人教版八年级英语语法知识讲解
　　重难点知识讲解：形容词的比较级和最高级
　　比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。
　　其中比较级表示“更……”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，
　　比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
　　二、比较级的构成：
　　(1)规则变化：①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er:
　　Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter
　　②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加 -r:
　　Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
　　③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”
　　Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier
　　④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er :
　　Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
　　⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more :
　　Eg: popular---more popular important---more important
　　(2) 不规则变化：少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的：
　　(3)good---better bad/ill---worse many/much---more
　　little---less far---farther/further old---older/elder
　　三、比较级的用法:
　　(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
　　1表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B
　　Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He doesn’t run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
　　2．表达“A不如B”用not as…as的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B
　　Eg I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。
　　He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。
　　3表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。
　　公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
　　A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…
　　Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。
　　He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
　　(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法
　　1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。
　　常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
　　Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。
　　I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。
　　想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
　　2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，
　　“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
　　Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。
　　This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
　　3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
　　It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。
　　He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。
　　0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。
　　4．“the more…， the more…”表示“越……，就越……”，
　　The more，the better.多多益善。
　　The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。
　　5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个”
　　The taller of the two boys is my brother.

　　四.当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
　　1. 表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。 后面可以加上
　　表示范围的介词短语或从句。
　　公式： 主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句
　　主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句
　　Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class.
　　He jumps the highest of the three boys.
　　This is the best book that I have ever read.

　　2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。
　　Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
　　This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
　　注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。
　　但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.
　　（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among

　　五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
　　(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
　　Eg He is more careful than I (me).
　　(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较
　　e.g 1. Her bag is bigger than mine.
　　不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
　　2 The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
　　不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.

　　【语法专项练习题】
　　That boy looks as as a boxer.
　　A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong
　　2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.
　　A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger
　　3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?
　　A. good B. better C. best D. well
　　4、--Oh, the food is bad.
　　--I think so .And the service(服务) is __________.
　　A．the worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse
　　5、--You are the same coat as I.
　　--Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.
　　A:better, expensive B. better, more expensive
　　C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive
　　The experts think that India’s population may be than China’s 2020.
　　A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on
　　This year our school is than it was last year.
　　A.much beautiful B.the most beautiful C.beautifuler D.much more beautiful
　　8 you work, knowledge you will get.
　　A.The harder, more B.The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more
　　9.He has friends than I.A.much more B.many more C. very more D. too more
　　10.She draws better than . A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we
　　11.Shanghai is larger than city in China.
　　A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else
　　I’m not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.
　　A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as
　　I have fewer apples than . A. he B. his C. hers D. mine
　　The news is surprising. A. much B. very C. more D. very much
　　The population of China is larger than .
　　A.America B.the one of Americas C.that of America D. Americans
　　Which is ________clothing store in your town?
　　A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best
　　My sister is ________person I know.
　　A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest
　　Is Mr Du _______ teacher in your school?
　　A. the most busy B.the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest
　　He is ________more beuutiful than I.
　　A. too B. enough C. much D. very
　　The box is ______heavy .I can’t move it.
　　A. much B. more C. enough D. too
　　The book is the______one in the bookshop．
　　A.the most cheap B.the expensive C.the most expensive D.the less expensiver
　　I have _______ apples and ______milk than you.
　　A. many, little B. more, less C. more, least D. many, less
　　23、You should study English hard, because it’s getting_______ in our country .
　　A.more and more important B.more important and more important
　　C. importanter and importanter D. important and important
　　24.Her brother is ___than she. A. 7 year older B.7 year old C.7 years old D. 7 years older
　　25.The Famous People Talent Show was one of ______that I have ever seen.
　　A. the most fantastic show B. most fantastic shows
　　C. the more fantastic shows D. the most fantastic shows

make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on one's birthday在某人生日上
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小

in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth 发现做某事怎么样
be supposed to被期望/被要求
in order to目的

enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事

so do sb.某人也……

so sb. do某人的确……

worth adj．值……；值得……；相当于……的价值

knock on（at）the door敲门

knock into sb．撞了某人

knock up叫醒

ask （sb．）for sth．向某人寻求某物；要……

八年级上英语语法点滴(一) 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。八年级上英语语法点滴(一) 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

八年级上英语语法点滴(二)

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.

5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事

finish doing sth完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事

try doing sth 试图做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 练习做某事

be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 错过做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.

13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I 名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：

pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers

desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：

class---classes dish---dishes

watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词，词尾加-es。如：

potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes

Negro---Negroes hero---heroes

4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-es。如：

family---families dictionary---dictionaries

city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，将-f或-fe变为-v，再加-es。如：

half---halves leaf---leaves

thief---thieves knife---knives

self---selves wife---wives

life---lives wolf---wolves

shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是：

scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs

serf---serfs gulf---gulfs

chief---chiefs proof---proofs

belief---beliefs

II 名词复数的不规则变化

1.将-oo改为--ee。如：

foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.将-man改为-men。如：

man---men woman---women

policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加词尾。如：

child---children

4.单复数同形。如：

sheep---sheep deer---deer

fish---fish people---people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。如：

Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians

Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans

Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如：

mouse---mice

apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers

14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词

初中阶段常见的有以下这些：

1.let→letting 让

hit→hitting 打、撞

cut→cutting 切、割

get→getting 取、得到

sit→sitting 坐

forget→forgetting 忘记

put→putting 放

set→setting 设置

babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿

2.shop→shopping 购物

trip→tripping 绊

stop→stopping 停止

drop→dropping 放弃

3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游

swim→swimming 游泳

run→running 跑步

dig→digging 挖、掘

begin→beginning 开始

prefer→preferring 宁愿

plan→planning 计划

15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词

1.some变为any。如：

There are some birds in the tree.

→There aren't any birds in the tree.

但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：

Would you like some orange juice?

与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

2.and变为or。如：

I have a knife and a ruler.

→I don't have a knife or a ruler.

3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如：

They have a lot of friends.（可数名词）

→They don't have many friends.

There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）

→There isn't much orange in the bottle.

4.already变为yet。如：

I have been there already.

→I haven't been there yet.

16) in与after

in 与 after 都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：

He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：

He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。

不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：

We will finish the work after ten o'clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。

3.注意区分以下的in的用法。

I'll visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。

I'll visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。

17) 不定冠词a与an的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is a "b" in the word "book".

单词book中有个字母b。

类似的字母还有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z。

She has a small knife.她有一把小刀。

2.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：

There is an "i" in the word "onion".

单词onion中有个字母i。

类似的字母还有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。

Do you have an umbrella?

你有一把雨伞吗？

3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如：

a useful book a universe a one-letter word

an hour an uncle an umbrella an honest person

18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如：

He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：

The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。

The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词，有“给......穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：

Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。

dress 也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：

The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如：

John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。

The man in black is a football coach.

19) a little, a few 与 a bit (of)

a little, a few 与 a bit (of) 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢？

1. a little 意为“一些、少量”，后接不可数名词。如：

There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。

还可以接形容词。如：

He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意为“一些、少数”，后接复数的可数名词。如：

There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。

3. a bit 意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：

It's a bit cold. 有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如：

He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。

4. a little 表肯定意义，little 表否定意义；a few 表肯定意义，few 表否定意义。如：

There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little = a bit of, 后接不可数名词；

a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 后接形容词，意为“有点儿”。

20) 关于like的用法

like 可以作动词，也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：

Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？

like 后可接不定式（like to do sth），也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth），有时意思不尽相同。如：

She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）

She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）

like 与 would 连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：

Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗？

“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth”。如：

They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。

2、like 作介词，可译成“像......”。如：

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。

It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子：

A. What does he look like?

B. What is he like?

A句译为“他长相如何？”指一个人的外貌特征；而B句译为“他人怎么样？”指人的性格特点。

C. The boy like Peter is over there.

D. A boy like Peter can't do it.

A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。

比较级（单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加er，以e结尾的直接加r，重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，在加er，以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加er；多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加more；还有不规则变化）
最高级（单音节词和部分双音节词一般在词尾加est ，以e结尾的直接加st，重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，在加est，以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，先把y改为i，再加est；多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加most；还有不规则变化）
动词：
（1）动词的种类：
①行为动词：表示动作或状态，在句子中能独立做谓语；
②连系动词：不能独立做谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语；
③助动词：不能独立做谓语，只能和主语动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其它语法形式；
④情态动词：不能独立做谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的预期和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
（2）情态动词
（3）动词时态：
①现在进行时可以用来按计划或安排将要进行的动作，有“意图”或“打算”等含义；
②“be going to+动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
（4）句子的成分：
①主语：表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当；
②谓语：说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致；
③表语：说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词或相当于名词的词或短语充当，和及物动词在一起说明主语“做什么”；
④定语：用来修饰名词或代词。做定语的除形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等；
⑤状语：用来修饰动词、形容系或副词，一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。
（5）句子的类型：
①简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子；
②并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子；
③复含句：由一个主语和一个或一个人以上的从句构成的句子。
（6）宾语从句：
宾语从句在复含句中做主语的宾语。宾语从句通常用下面一些词引导
①由that引导（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）
②由连接代词或连接副词引导
③由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if)
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 忽~~累死咯。。。不过。。可以帮到你啦~~~

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