西风颂作者雪莱 The poet was called the heart of all hearts 这句英语是什么什么意思啊
Interpretation of the poem
The poem Ode to the West Wind can be divided in two parts: the first three stanzas are about the qualities of the ‘Wind’; the fact that these three stanzas belong together can visually be seen by the phrase ‘Oh hear!’ at the end of each of the three stanzas. Whereas the first three stanzas give a relation between the ‘Wind’ and the speaker, there is a turn at the beginning of the fourth stanza; the focus is now on the speaker, or better the hearer, and what he is going to hear.
a.) first stanza
The first stanza begins with the alliteration ‘wild West Wind’. This makes the ‘wind’ “sound invigorating”. The reader gets the impression that the wind is something that lives, because he is ‘wild’ – it is at that point a personification of the ‘wind’. Even after reading the headline and the alliteration, one might have the feeling that the ‘Ode’ might somehow be positive. But it is not, as the beginning of the poem destroys the feeling that associated the wind with the spring. The first few lines consist of a lot of sinister elements, such as ‘dead leaves’. The inversion of ‘leaves dead’ (l. 2) in the first stanza underlines the fatality by putting the word ‘dead’ (l. 2) at the end of the line so that it rhymes with the next lines. The sentence goes on and makes these ‘dead’ (l. 2) leaves live again as ‘ghosts’ (l. 3) that flee from something that panics them. The sentence does not end at that point but goes on with a polysyndeton. The colourful context makes it easier for the reader to visualise what is going on – even if it is in an uncomfortable manner. ‘Yellow’ can be seen as “the ugly hue of ‘pestilence-stricken’ skin; and ‘hectic red’, though evoking the pase of the poem itself, could also highlight the pace of death brought to multitudes.” There is also a contradiction in the colour ‘black’ (l. 4) and the adjective ‘pale’(l. 4). In the word ‘chariotest’ (l. 6) the ‘est’ is added to the verb stem ‘chariot’, probably to indicate the second person singular, after the subject ‘thou’ (l. 5). The ‘corpse within its grave’ (l. 8) in the next line is in contrast to the ‘azure sister of the Spring’ (l. 9) – a reference to the east wind - whose ‘living hues and odours plain’ (l.12) evoke a strong contrast to the colours of the fourth line of the poem that evoke death. The last line of this stanza (‘Destroyer and Preserver’, l. 14) refers to the west wind. The west wind is considered the ‘Destroyer’ (l. 14) because it drives the last sings of life from the trees. He is also considered the ‘Preserver’ (l.14) for scattering the seeds which will come to life in the spring.
b.) second stanza
The second stanza of the poem is much more fluid than the first one. The sky’s ‘clouds’ (l.16) are ‘like earth’s decaying leaves’ (l. 16). They are a reference to the second line of the first stanza (‘leaves dead’, l. 2). Through this reference the landscape is recalled again. The ‘clouds’(l. 16) are ‘Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean’ (l. 17). This probably refers to the fact that the line between the sky and the stormy sea is indistinguishable and the whole space from the horizon to the zenith being is covered with trialing storm clouds. The ‘clouds’ can also be seen as ‘Angels of rain’ (l. 18). In a biblical way, they may be messengers that bring a message from heaven down to earth through rain and lightning. These two natural phenomenons with their “fertilizing and illuminating power” bring a change. Line 21 begins with ‘Of some fierce Maenad ...’ (l. 21) and again the west wind is part of the second stanza of the poem; here he is two things at once: first he is ‘dirge/Of the dying year’ (l. 23f) and second he is “a prophet of tumult whose prediction is decisive”; a prophet who does not only bring ‘black rain, and fire, and hail’ (l. 28), but who ‘will burst’ (l. 28) it. The ‘locks of the approaching storm’ (l. 23) are the messengers of this bursting: the ‘clouds’. Shelley in this stanza “expands his vision from the earthly scene with the leaves before him to take in the vaster commotion of the skies”. This means that the wind is now no longer at the horizon and therefore far away, but he is exactly above us. The clouds now reflect the image of the swirling leaves; this is a parallelism that gives evidence that we lifted “our attention from the finite world into the macrocosm”. The ‘clouds’ can also be compared with the leaves; but the clouds are more unstable and bigger than the leaves and they can be seen as messengers of rain and lightning as it was mentioned above.
c.) third stanza
The question that comes up when reading the third stanza at first is what the subject of the verb ‘saw’ (l. 33) could be. On the one hand there is the ‘blue Mediterranean’ (l. 30). With the ‘Mediterranean’ as subject of the stanza, the “syntactical movement” is continued and there is no break in the fluency of the poem; it is said that ‘he lay, / Lull’d by the coil of this crystalline streams,/Beside a pumice isle in Baiae’s bay, / And saw in sleep old palaces and towers’ (l. 30-33). On the other hand it is also possible that the lines of this stanza refer to the ‘wind’ again. Then the verb that belongs to the ‘wind’ as subject is not ‘lay’, but the previous line of this stanza, that says ‘Thou who didst waken ... And saw’ (l. 29, 33). But whoever – the ‘Mediterranean’ or the ‘wind’ - ‘saw’ (l. 33) the question remains whether the city one of them saw, is real and therefore a reflection on the water of a city that really exists on the coast; or the city is just an illusion. Pirie is not sure of that either. He says that it might be “a creative interpretation of the billowing seaweed; or of the glimmering sky reflected on the heaving surface”. Both possibilities seem to be logical. To explain the appearance of an underwater world, it might be easier to explain it by something that is realistic; and that might be that the wind is able to produce illusions on the water. With its pressure, the wind “would waken the appearance of a city”. From what is known of the ‘wind’ from the last two stanzas, it became clear that the ‘wind’ is something that plays the role of a Creator. Whether the wind creates real things or illusions does not seem to be that important. It appears as if the third stanza shows - in comparison with the previous stanzas – a turning-point. Whereas Shelley had accepted death and changes in life in the first and second stanza, he now turns to “wistful reminiscence [, recalls] an alternative possibility of transcendence”. From line 26 to line 36 he gives an image of nature Line 36 begins with the sentence ‘So sweet, the sense faints picturing them’. And indeed, the picture Shelley gives us here seems to be ‘sweet’ (l. 36). ‘The sea-blooms’ (l. 39) are probably the plants at the bottom of the ocean and give a peaceful picture of what is under water. But if we look closer at line 36, we realise that the sentence is not what it appears to be at first sight, because it obviously means ‘so sweet that one feels faint in describing them’. This shows that the idyllic picture is not what it seems to be and that the harmony will certainly soon be destroyed. A few lines later, Shelley suddenly talks about ‘fear’ (l. 41). This again shows the influence of the west wind which announces the change of the season.
d.) fourth stanza
Whereas the stanzas one to three began with ‘O wild West Wind’ (l. 1) and ‘Thou...’ (l. 15, 29) and were clearly directed to the wind, there is a change in the fourth stanza. The focus is no more on the ‘wind’, but on the speaker who says ‘If I...’ (l. 43f). Until this part, the poem has appeared very anonymous and was only concentrated on the ‘wind’ and its forces so that the author of the poem was more or less forgotten. Pirie calls this “the suppression of personality” which finally vanishes at that part of the poem. It becomes more and more clear that what the author talks about now is himself. That this must be true, shows the frequency of the author’s use of the first-person pronouns ‘I’ (l. 43, 44, 48, 51, 54), ‘my’ (l. 48, 52) and ‘me’ (l. 53). These pronouns appear nine times in the fourth stanza. Certainly the author wants to dramatise the atmosphere so that the reader recalls the situation of stanza one to three. He achieves this by using the same pictures of the previous stanzas in this one. Whereas these pictures, such as ‘leaf’, ‘cloud’ and ‘wave’ have existed only together with the ‘wind’, they are now existing with the author. The author thinks about being one of them and says ‘If I were a ...’ (l. 43ff). Shelley here identifies himself with the wind, although he knows that he can not do that, because it is impossible for someone to put all the things he has learnt from life aside and enter a “world of innocence”. That Shelley is deeply aware of his closedness in life and his identity shows his command in line 53. There he says ‘Oh, lift me up as a wave, a leaf, a cloud’ (l. 53). He knows that this is something impossible to achieve, but he does not stop praying for it. The only chance Shelley sees to make his prayer and wish for a new identity with the Wind come true is by pain or death, as death leads to rebirth. So, he wants to ‘fall upon the thorns of life’ and ‘bleed’ (l. 54). At the end of the stanza the poet tells us that ‘a heavy weight of hours has chain’d and bow’d’ (l. 55). This may be a reference to the years that have passed and ‘chained and bowed’ (l. 55) the hope of the people who fought for freedom and were literally imprisoned. With this knowledge, the West Wind becomes a different meaning. The wind is the ‘uncontrollable’ (l. 47) who is ‘tameless’ (l. 56). One more thing that one should mention is that this stanza sounds like a kind of prayer or confession of the poet. This confession does not address God and therefore sounds very impersonal. Shelley also changes his use of metaphors in this stanza. In the first stanzas the wind was a metaphor explained at full length. Now the metaphors are only weakly presented – ‘the thorns of life’ (l. 54). Shelley also leaves out the fourth element: the fire. In the previous stanzas he wrote about the earth, the air and the water. The reader now expects the fire – but it is not there. This leads to a break in the symmetry of the poem because the reader does not meet the fire until the fifth stanza.
e.) fifth stanza
Again the wind is very important in this last stanza. The wind with his ‘mighty harmonies’ (l. 59) becomes an artist or a Creator of sounds. At the beginning of the poem the ‘wind’ was only capable of blowing the leaves from the trees. In the previous stanza the poet identified himself with the leaves. In this stanza the ‘wind’ is now capable of using both of these things mentioned before. Everything that had been said before, was part of the elements – wind, earth and water. Now the fourth element comes in: the fire. There is also a confrontation in this stanza: whereas in line 57 Shelley writes ‘me thy’, there is ‘thou me’ in line 62. This “signals a restored confidence, if not in the poet’s own abilities, at least in his capacity to communicate with [...] the Wind”. It is also necessary to mention that the first-person pronouns again appear in a great frequency; but the possessive pronoun ‘my’ predominates. Unlike the frequent use of the ‘I’ in the previous stanza that made the stanza sound self-conscious, this stanza might now sound self-possessed. The stanza is no more a request or a prayer as it had been in the fourth stanza – it is a demand. The poet becomes the wind’s instrument – his ‘lyre’ (l. 57). This is a symbol of the poet’s own passivity towards the wind; he becomes his musician and the wind’s breath becomes his breath. The poet’s attitude towards the wind has changed: in the first stanza the wind has been an ‘enchanter’ (l. 3), now the wind has become an ‘incantation’ (l. 65). And there is another contrast between the two last stanzas: in the fourth stanza the poet had articulated himself in singular: ‘a leaf’ (l. 43, 53), ‘a cloud’ (l. 44, 53), ‘A wave’ (l. 45, 53) and ‘One too like thee’ (l. 56). In this stanza, the “sense of personality as vulnerably individualised led to self-doubt” and the greatest fear was that what was ‘tameless, and swift, and proud’ (l. 56) will stay ‘chain’d and bow’d’ (l. 55). The last stanza differs from that. The poet in this stanza uses plural forms, for example, ‘my leaves’ (l. 58, 64), ‘thy harmonies’ (l. 59), ‘my thoughts’ (l. 63), ‘ashes and sparks’ (l. 67) and ‘my lips’ (l. 68). By the use of the plural, the poet is able to show that there is some kind of peace and pride in his words. It even seems as if he has redefined himself because the uncertainty of the previous stanza has been blown away. The ‘leaves’ merge with those of an entire forest and ‘Will’ become components in a whole tumult of mighty harmonies. The use of this ‘Will’ (l. 60) is certainly a reference to the future. Through the future meaning, the poem itself does not only sound as something that might have happened in the past, but it may even be a kind of ‘prophecy’ (l. 69) for what might come - the future. At last, Shelley again calls the Wind in a kind of prayer and even wants him to be ‘his’ Spirit: he says: ‘My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!’ (l. 62). Like the leaves of the trees in a forest, his leaves will fall and decay and will perhaps soon flourish again when the spring comes. That may be why he is looking forward to the spring and asks at the end of the last stanza ‘If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’ (l. 70). This is of course a rhetorical question because spring does come after winter. The question has a deeper meaning and does not only mean the change of seasons, but is a reference to death and rebirth as well.
Poems like this one really have a prophecy for all of us and this prophecy helps us to think about the term ‘poetry’ itself. The Ode shows us that rebirth is something that can be fulfilled through spiritual growing. The last few lines of the poem underline this thought and bring the topic of regeneration and decline to the heart in a very explicit way.
参考资料http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ode_to_the_West_Wind
To a Skylark by Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱 致云雀
Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!
Bird thou never wert,
That from Heaven, or near it,
Pourest thy full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
Higher still and higher
From the earth thou springest
Like a cloud of fire;
The blue deep thou wingest,
And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
In the golden lightning
Of the sunken sun
O'er which clouds are bright'ning,
Thou dost float and run,
Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.
The pale purple even
Melts around thy flight;
Like a star of Heaven
In the broad daylight
Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight:
Keen as are the arrows
Of that silver sphere,
Whose intense lamp narrows
In the white dawn clear
Until we hardly see--we feel that it is there.
All the earth and air
With thy voice is loud.
As, when night is bare,
From one lonely cloud
The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.
What thou art we know not;
What is most like thee?
From rainbow clouds there flow not
Drops so bright to see
As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.
Like a poet hidden
In the light of thought,
Singing hymns unbidden,
Till the world is wrought
To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not:
Like a high-born maiden
In a palace tower,
Soothing her love-laden
Soul in secret hour
With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:
Like a glow-worm golden
In a dell of dew,
Scattering unbeholden
Its aerial hue
Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:
Like a rose embowered
In its own green leaves,
By warm winds deflowered,
Till the scent it gives
Makes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.
Sound of vernal showers
On the twinkling grass,
Rain-awakened flowers,
All that ever was
Joyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.
Teach us, sprite or bird,
What sweet thoughts are thine:
I have never heard
Praise of love or wine
That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
Chorus hymeneal
Or triumphal chaunt
Matched with thine, would be all
But an empty vaunt--
A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.
What objects are the fountains
Of thy happy strain?
What fields, or waves, or mountains?
What shapes of sky or plain?
What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?
With thy clear keen joyance
Languor cannot be:
Shadow of annoyance
Never came near thee:
Thou lovest, but ne'er knew love's sad satiety.
Waking or asleep,
Thou of death must deem
Things more true and deep
Than we mortals dream,
Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream?
We look before and after,
And pine for what is not:
Our sincerest laughter
With some pain is fraught;
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
Yet if we could scorn
Hate, and pride, and fear;
If we were things born
Not to shed a tear,
I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.
Better than all measures
Of delightful sound,
Better than all treasures
That in books are found,
Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!
Teach me half the gladness
That thy brain must know,
Such harmonious madness
From my lips would flow
The world should listen then, as I am listening now!
其实我觉得写这句英语评论的只是一家之言，，关键要联系这首诗，，特别第四五部分，，，
诗作的第四部分，诗人以“唉，假如我是一片枯叶被你浮起”领起，连用几个假设，表达出诗人对现实、对自己的不满，“我跌在生活底荆棘上，我流血了”；“这种岁月的重轭所制伏的生命/原是和你一样的：骄傲、轻捷而不驯”。这脱口而出的诗句是诗人发自肺腑的心声!
第五部分在意义上延承第四部分，又有一些递进。因为对现实、对自己不满，所以诗人便祈求西风“把我当作你的竖琴吧!”给予我“狂暴的精神”!“让我们合一”!吹起我枯死的思想，并把我的预言向世界传送：冬天已经来了，春天还会遥远吗?诗作在诗人对革命与未来美好的展望中戛然而止，读罢令人卓立风发，倍受鼓舞! 诗作以象征手法见长，狂暴的西风既是自然界的风，更是革命的风暴，诗人明写自然之风，本意却在呼唤、盼望革命的风暴。
看到这里，你大概就知道这句英语就是讲这诗 是人类共同心声的反映，因为人都希望世界的前景将会是光明美好的
湿人 应该被称作 从心中挖掘所有的内心
雪莱去世后，雪莱的心脏被他的一个朋友拿走；后来由雪莱的夫人收藏，之后这颗心脏和雪莱的儿子葬在一起。雪莱的骨灰存放在罗马的一个清教徒公墓里面，在一个城墙内的一个古老的金字塔内。雪莱之墓上刻有拉丁文的墓志铭：Cor Cordium，翻译成英文则是Heart of Hearts。
宁达道敏： 西风颂(1) 一哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你以车驾把有翼的种子摧送到黑暗的冬床上...
开原市15087722608： 英国诗人雪莱《西风颂》的诗句 - ？
宁达道敏：[答案] 查良铮译本西风颂1哦,狂暴的西风,秋之生命的呼吸!你无形,但枯死的落叶被你横扫,有如鬼魅碰到了巫师,纷纷逃避:黄的,黑的,灰的,红得像患肺痨,呵,重染疫疠的一群:西风呵,是你以...
开原市15087722608： 《西风颂》的作者是谁? - ？
宁达道敏：是英国诗人雪莱的一首著名的抒情诗.它含有丰富的拟人、比喻等修辞方法,语言优美,形象,热烈.在诗中,雪莱歌颂了强劲的西风.表达了他想摆脱现实、享受无限自由的渴望.同时也表达了对人类未来充满乐观主义的信念.
开原市15087722608： 西风颂谁写的 - ？
宁达道敏： 雪莱
开原市15087722608： 西风颂是谁的作品?？
宁达道敏： 英国诗人雪莱
开原市15087722608： 《西风颂》谁写的? - ？
宁达道敏： 《西风颂》写于1819年,是十九世纪英国伟大的抒情诗人雪莱的代表作之一,诗中诗人把西风当作革命力量的象征,是无所不及、无处不在的＂不羁的精灵
开原市15087722608： 雪莱的【致西风】原文,急 - ？
宁达道敏：[答案] 雪莱《西风颂》原文和译文 Ode to the West Wind(西风颂) Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) I 1 O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumn\'s being, 2 Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead 3 Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter ...
开原市15087722608： 英语翻译《西风颂》作于1819年秋.这是雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗和政治宣传鼓动诗,也是一首优秀的政治预言、政治激励诗.诗的内容与形式都达到了登峰造... - ？
宁达道敏：[答案] ＂Westerly wind Praised＂ does in 1819 the fall.This is the Shelley most famous politics lyric poetry and politics agitation and propaganda poem,is also an outstanding political prediction,the political drive poem.The poem content and the form has ...
开原市15087722608： 雪莱的诗作有？
宁达道敏： 雪莱的诗作很多,最著名的是:1813年11月完成叙事长诗《麦布女王》,1818年至1819年完成了两部重要的长诗《解放了的普罗米修斯》和《倩契》,以及其不朽的名作《西风颂》.
开原市15087722608： 雪莱的《西风颂》收录于哪本书中,页码是多少?？
宁达道敏： 《西风颂》收录在雪莱的诗集《爱的哲学》中,《爱的哲学》:雪莱著,人民文学出版社,2008年北京第1版,231页,定价18.00元.
