求初中英语定语从句的必备知识点
修饰名词的叫定语，修饰名词的句子叫定语从句
从句
1、主语从句
引导词有：that，what，whether，when，wherever，who
等，主语从句的谓语动词必须用单数。
举例：
1)
That
he
will
fall
the
exam
is
certain.
2)
What
she
said
is
true.
3)
It
doesn't
matter
when
she
leaves.
4)
Whoever
is
tired
may
rest.
2、表语从句
一般位于系动词之后。
举例：
The
question
is
that
I
also
like
her.
3、宾语从句
句型：主句
+
连词
+
宾语从句
连接宾语从句的词有：that，if，whether，who，whose，what，which，where，when，why，how，whoever，whomever，whenever，wherever
等》
举例：
1)
He
said
that
he
was
the
first
to
clamb
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
2)
I
wonder
if
/
whether
you
could
lend
me
tour
bike.
3)
Parents
shouldn't
give
their
children
whatever
they
want.
4)
She
doesn't
know
who
will
come.
5)
He
asked
if
/
whether
she
had
an
apartment
in
the
city.
6)
Who
do
you
think
they
will
travel
with?
4、状语从句
（1）时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，until，till，since，ever，as
soon
asimmediately，directly，hardly，hardly
...
when
等。
举例：
1)
When
I
was
in
Shanghai,
I
met
her.
2)
Please
wait
until
you
are
called.
（2）地点状语从句
常由
where
何
wherever
引导。
举例：
He
lives
where
the
street
crosses
the
river.
（3）原因状语从句
常由
as，because，since，now
that，seeing
that
等引导，其中语气最强烈的就是
because。
举例：
He
has
to
leave
off
because
he
is
seriously
ill.
（4）条件状语从句
常由
if，unless，as
long
as，so
long
as
等引导。
举例：
If
you
can
correct
your
faults,
your
work
is
good.
（5）目的状语从句
常由
so
that，in
order
to
等引导。
举例：
Speak
loudly
so
that
every
one
may
hear
you
clearly.
（6）比较状语从句
常由
than，as，as
...
as
等引导。
举例：
I
have
got
as
much
money
as
I
need.
（7）让步状语从句
常由
though
/
although，even
though，as，if，even
if
和
wh-
+
-ever
复合词引导。
举例：
Although
I
tried
my
best
to
learn
English,
I
haven't
passed
the
exam.
（8）方式状语从句
常由
as，as
if，as
though，how
等引导。
举例：
She
looks
as
if
she
is
still
young.
（9）结果状语从句
常由
that，so
/
such
that
等引导。
举例：
She
is
such
a
good
teacher
that
all
the
students
love
and
respect
her.
5、定语从句
结构：
......
先行词（被修饰的名词或代词）
+
关系代词
/
关系副词
+
......
一般来说，修饰人用
who，whom，whose，that；修饰物用
that
/
which。
举例：
1)
The
road
which
through
our
school
is
very
wide.
2)
This
is
the
school
where
my
brother
studies
3)
Is
there
anything
that
you
don't
understand?.
eg: The student who answered the question was John.
The man who was here yesterday is a artist.
2）whom: 当先行项指人时，在定语从句中作宾语。
eg: The man whom I saw is called Smith.
The professor whom you wish to see has come.
3）which: 当先行项指物时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
eg: This is the book which has been translated into many languages.（主语）
He doesn’t know the rule which everybody knows.（宾语）
4）that: 当先行项指人、物时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
eg: The building that stands over there is a hospital.
The letter that I received form him yesterday is very important.
Is he the man that sells eggs?
He is the man that we are looking for.
注：先行项指物时，只用that的情况
① 先行项有形容词最高级修饰
eg: It is the largest map that I’ve ever seen.
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
② 先行项有序数词修饰
eg: It’s the first book that won the prize.
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
③ 先行项有the only, the very, the same修饰
eg: This is the very computer that I want.
He is the only one among us that knows Spanish.
That’s the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday.
④ 先行项有不定代词修饰
eg: All the apples that fell down were picked up.
⑤ 先行项本身为不定代词
eg: All that glitters is not gold.
There is nothing that can prevent him form doing it.
This reference book contains much/ little that is useful.
⑥ 先行项为既指人又指物的并列名词短语
eg: The boy and the book that the police are looking for disappeared.
He talked of the man and the book that interested him.
Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street.
注：先行项指人时，只用that的情况
① 先行项有形容词最高级修饰
eg: Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived.
He was the cleverest man that ever taught in our school.
② 先行项有序数词修饰
eg: He was the first Japanese that won the Nobel Prize.
③ 先行项有the only, the very, the same修饰
eg: He is the only one among us that knows Spanish.
④ 先行项有all, any等限定词修饰
eg: Any students that want to get the ticket may come in.
5）当先行项为整个上文时，用which不用that
eg: I have known men far more able than Bowles, but not half so interesting
whichis quite a different thing.
6）介词前置只用which 不用that
eg: This is the hotel at which I stayed during my holiday.
7）关系代词whose作定语，表示定语从句的主语与先行词之间的所属关系，可用of which 替
换，词序一般是“名词 + of which”，也可以是“of which + 名词”。
eg: He’s written a book the name of which (= whose name) I’ve completely
forgotten.
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.
2. 关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）：when, where, why…
1）when: 时间状语
eg: He came last night when I was out.
2）where: 地点状语
eg: That is the place where he once lived.
3）why: 原因状语（why只有限定用法，而非限定用法则用for which reason）
eg: He refused to disclose the reason why he did it.
The reason why I was late is that there was a traffic jam on my way he
1）who: 当先行项指人时，在定语从句中作主语。
2）whom: 当先行项指人时，在定语从句中作宾语。
3）which: 当先行项指物时，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
其实定语从句就是相当于形容词组，修饰的是前面的名词。
例如：The student （who answered the question ）was John.
括号里的部分就是定语从句，此句修辞的是前面的 The student。 整句翻译成：回答问题的那个学生是约翰。
who 在句中是“关系代词”也就是和前面的名词是什么关系、前面的名词是人，那么“关系代词”可用who 和that等等，其实定语从句主要就考“关系代词”的用法。
This is （the book）名词（ which has been translated into many languages从句）。翻译:这就是译成多种语言的那本书。
其中那个which是“关系代词”
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