如何正确使用倒装句

什么是倒装句？倒装句该怎么使用？~

倒装句释义：把原本的语序（主语+谓语+宾语）颠倒过来。
倒装句的分类：
1、部分倒装/宾语倒装：宾语+主语+谓语。
2、完全倒装/谓语倒装：宾语+谓语+主语
倒装句的使用：
1、表示强调
例如：1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装.
Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题.
2、承上启下：有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用.
例如：They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了.一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上.
，

一般来说，倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。有的倒装是因为语法需要而出现的，有的倒装则是因为结构平衡的需要而出现的。
一、全部倒装
1．以here， there， now，
then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子的主语之前。这种句子中的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
Here comes the train！
There goes the bell！
注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。如：
Here it comes！ ／ There it goes！

2．有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away等结尾，构成不及物动词短语。这时，为了使句子更形象，常将这些副词提前到句首。这时，句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，这时句子的主语也必须是名词。如果是人称代词，也不能使用倒装结构。）如：
Up went the rocket．
Up it went．

3．为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语动词通常是不及物动词。如：
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker．
4．表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。如：
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．

5．so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。如：
She has finished her homework，so has her brother．
She hasn’t gone there， neither／nor has he．
但如果so表示强调， 即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，
其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动词”，这里的主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。如：
She knows little English，so she does． 她英语懂得不多。她的确如此。
二．部分倒装
1．用于疑问句中。如：
How did you do that？
Did you see the film yesterday？
2．用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把were， had，
should提到主语前面。如：
If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him．
→Had you come yesterday， you would have seen him．
3．用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒装有以下几种形式：
1) 副词置于句首。如：
Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I
will not buy it．
2) 动词原形置于句首。如�
Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not
see you．
3) 形容词或名词置于句首。如：
Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are
proud), they are afraid to see me．
Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can
tell right from wrong．
注意：如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。如：
A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a
bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply．
4．具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner, not until,
seldom，not once，at no time，never，little等) 置于句首时，
句子（主句）采用部分倒装。如：
Little do we know about him．
No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell
asleep．
Seldom does he come back on Sundays．
Not until he came back did I know about it．
5．only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子（主句）要用部分倒装。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English．
Only when a child grows up does he understand his
parents’ intentions．
但如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。如：
Only socialism can save China．
(only修饰的是句子的主语，故仍用正常语序。)
6．not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句应使用部分倒装。如：
Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he
often helps others with their lessons．
7．so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so
连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。如：
He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others．
→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others．
He is so clever that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book．
→So clever is he that he can work out all the
difficult problems in the book． （全部倒装）



当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序（the natural order）。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装（ the inverted order）。

倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫“grammatical inversion”；配合强调语势的叫“emphatic inversion”。

语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：

⒈疑问句，如：

● Can you do it?

● How old are you?

● When did you know him?

● Why did you elect him as captain?

● Which of these apples do you prefer?

但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：

● Who is your English teacher?

● What happened last night?

⒉表示“愿望”的句子，如：

● May God bless you.

● Long live the king!

⒊“There”引导的句子，如：

● There are many cars on the road.

● There stand some big trees near the river.

● There is a security guard outside the bank.

⒋感叹句，如：

● How beautiful the flower is!

● What a smart boy you are!

⒌有连接词“so, neither, nor”的句子，如：

● Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.

● She can't sing; neither can he.

● John has never been late; nor have I.

⒍省略连词“if”的条件副词分句，如：

● Were I you, I would not do such a thing.

● Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.

● Had you worked harder, you would have passed.

⒎“as, however”连接的让步副词分句，如：

● Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.

● However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.

谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。

● Never have I seen such a wicked man.

● On no account must this employee be removed.

● Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.

● No sooner had I left than the rain came.

● Up jumped the puppy.

● In came John.

● Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.

● Out came a woman and her maid.

倒装是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒装句有两种完全倒装和部分倒装。

1 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.

2 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

注意 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1) Why cant I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know
答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

3 以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题
No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
答案D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when 等等。

注意只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。
Not only you but also I am fond of music.

4 so, neither, nor作部分倒装

表示也、也不 的句子要部分倒装。
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you wont go, neither will I.

典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?
---I dont know, _____.
A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also
答案B. nor为增补意思也不关心，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D缺乏连词。

注意 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。
Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.
---Its raining hard. ---So it is.

5 only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

6 as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。

注意
1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

注意
让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。

7 其他部分倒装
1) so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中
May you all be happy.

3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
Were I you, I would try it again.

典型例题
1） Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is
A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

2） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize
答案为B。

3) Do you know Tom bought a new car?
I dont know, ___.
A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care
C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also
解析答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示也不。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

完全倒装：
1. 介词短语表地点放句首On the island lived the phantom.
2. 分词或形容词放句首Seated on the grass are a group of students.
3. 表时间方位放句首(here/there/out/in/up/thus/down/away/now/then)
Here comes the bus.主语是代词不倒装here he comes.
4. such做表语放句首such are the facts.
5. 直接引用“…”said the boy
6. there be/go/live/lie/stand/flow
there lived a phantom one hundred years ago.

部分倒装
1. only+状语放句首，主句用部分倒装
only in this way can we solve the problem.
2. 虚拟语气，if省略，从句用部分倒装
If I were you , I would tell him the truth.
=were I you , I would tell him the truth.
3. 否定词放句首(never/hardly/not/little/few/not only/at no time/by no means/in no case/no sooner…than/hardly…when/not only…but also/barely) Seldom is the island visited.
4. so/neither/nor
5. may表祝愿may you succeed.
6. 表时间，频率副词放句首often/sometimes/every other day/many a time/many times
7. so/such+形容词/副词/名词+部分倒装+that
so badly did he do it that the teacher punished him.

英语还是文言文？

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