清初著名诗人吴伟业是崇祯四年（1631）的进士，历任东宫讲读官、南京国子监司业、左中允、左谕德兼侍讲、左庶子，明清易代之际避乱乡间。顺治十年（1653），吴伟业迫于各种压力不得不仕清，在朝代鼎革的巨变中，其屈节背后的惶恐与羞惭可见一斑。
到了顺治十三年（1656），吴伟业已经四十六岁了，这年的七月，他在北京写下了一首特别的长诗——《画中九友歌》。
吴伟业在诗中描绘了明末清初九位极负盛名的文人画家：董其昌、王时敏、王鉴、李流芳、杨文骢、张学曾、程嘉燧、卞文瑜和邵弥，当时王时敏、王鉴、张学曾尚在，另外六人都已去世，诗中颇有一种感情寄托，表达出诗人慷慨超然的气度。自从吴伟业写出这首《画中九友歌》后，就广为流传，后世陆续有人专门赋诗而和，如赵彦修次韵作《画中九友歌》，叶恭绰作《后画中九友歌》。 如果想要收集齐一套“画中九友”集册需要多长时间？一代鉴藏大家吴湖帆给出的答案是十五年。这套其在民国年间花费巨资而汇成的《画中九友集册》首次现身中国嘉德香港2023春拍《众山皆响——画中九友集册》巨献专场，成为本季春拍最受瞩目的重磅拍品之一。
(一)1926年，王时敏册于有正书局印行单册，1939年吴湖帆曾筹资于商务印书馆出版九友画册。现存可见:
(二) 诸册均载于《吴氏书画记》。《吴湖帆文稿》,中国美术学院出版社，2004年版。分别为：
1、《明董文敏仿古山水册》，第五册，第442、455页
2、《明程孟阳偈庵墨戏册》，第六册，第466、467页
3、《明李檀园仿古山水册》，第六册，第466、468-469页
4、《明杨龙友万历三才诗画册》，第六册，第466、470-473页
5、《明王烟客仿古十家册》，第六册，第466、480-483页
6、《明王玄照壬子仿古山水册》，第六册，第466、485-487页
7、《明邵瓜畴众山皆响册》，第六册，第466、第491-493页
8、《明卞润甫仿古山水册》，第六册，第466、第493-494页
9、《明张尔唯书画册》，第六册，第466、第494-495页
(三) 王季迁、孔达合编《明清画家印鉴》中，董其昌、李流芳、卞文瑜、杨文骢、王时敏、王鉴部分印鉴即取自“九友册”。见《明清画家印鉴》，香港大学，1966年版
(四) 上海博物馆编《中国书画家印鉴款识》中，杨文骢、董其昌、张学曾、程嘉燧、王时敏部分印鉴即取自 “九友册”。见《中国书画家印鉴款识》，文物出版社，1987年版
(五) 李流芳、王时敏册见于:徐邦达著《古书画过眼要录 ·元明清书法》，第460、499页，紫禁城出版社， 2006年版
(六) 王时敏册见于：陆心源著《穰梨馆过眼续录》卷十四，《中国历代书画艺术论著丛编》上海书画出版社， 2009年版
(七) 王时敏册见于：端方著《壬寅消夏录》，卷十六
(八) 杨文骢册见于：白坚著《杨文骢传论》，第113、155、219页，上海书画出版社，1990年版
(九) 李流芳自题中谈及张廷棫以画索题，最后画卷遗失，只能重新再作一册。关于此事的题跋，收录于《檀园集》第12卷，行文有多处改动。此事亦见于寒星、永祁编《李流芳年谱》。载上海书画社刊行之《朵云》第29期，1991年版
(十) 邵弥册见于：关冕钧著《三秋阁书画录》，1928年版
九友之间彼此多有联系，其中以董其昌与王时敏最为亲密。吴伟业为王时敏所作《王奉常七十寿序》：“云间董宗伯玄宰、陈征君眉公，相国之高弟，而编修公执友也，折辈行与游。”相国是王时敏的祖父王锡爵，编修公是王时敏父亲王衡，万历十七年（1589）董其昌考中进士，当时的首辅正是王锡爵，之后董其昌与王家走动频繁，并教导年幼的王时敏学画。董其昌多次在王时敏的作品上题跋，夸他“洗尽吴中习气”、“笔墨清润，皴擦古淡，直得北苑神髓，即宋四大家不能过也”。
相比于王时敏，王鉴与董其昌的相识时间略晚。崇祯七年（1634），王鉴随董其昌泊舟京口，到收藏家张觐宸家中拜观了黄公望的一件名作《秋山图》。两年后，王鉴又到董其昌家中看画，此行见到了赵孟頫《鹊华秋色图》等名作，王鉴对于这些经历在画作中常有回忆，可见对他的影响之深。
王时敏与王鉴并称“二王”，两人经常互相赠画并作跋。崇祯十年（1637），王时敏为王鉴《秋山图轴》题跋，崇祯十一年（1638）又题王鉴《仿黄公望山水轴》，誉为“当今画家不得不推为第一”。王鉴以“染香”为号，也是由王时敏所命名。顺治十年（1653），王鉴还将得意弟子王翚推荐给了王时敏。康熙三年（1664），王鉴为王时敏所作《山水》作跋，赞为“画得子久，前惟董文敏，近独奉常烟翁。”
九友之中，李流芳去世较早，卒于崇祯二年（1629），当年的四月初一，董其昌为李流芳《花卉竹石册》题跋：“李孝廉长蘅清修素心人也……长蘅以山水擅长，予所服膺，乃其写生，又有别趣。如此册者竹石花卉之类无所不备，出入宋元，逸气飞动，嗟嗟其人千古，其技千古。”可见董其昌对李流芳绘画的肯定。
李流芳与程嘉燧为中表兄弟，二人与娄坚、唐时升合称“嘉定四先生”。万历三十二年（1604），二人同寓京口。三年后，同游松江泖上九峰。李流芳自称“看孟阳（程嘉燧）吟诗作画，此吾平生第一快事。”李流芳去世后，钱谦益作墓志铭，程嘉燧书丹，程嘉燧还写下一篇感人至深的奠文：“求其文字之知，俱通绘事，志尚之外，同誓皈心，少而懽焉，久而弥笃，素交之内，唯兄一人。”
杨文骢曾在松江追随董其昌学画，董其昌也多次为他的画作题跋，如崇祯七年（1634）题杨文骢《仿元人山水轴》：“龙友此图，笔墨圆润，士气作家俱备，大类王叔明《青卞图》，妙绝！妙绝！”崇祯八年（1635）题杨文骢《山水卷》《湖山图轴》，崇祯九年题杨文骢《山水轴》《寿陈白庵山水卷》。杨文骢也为董其昌的作品作跋，如题董其昌《苑西墨禅室山水卷》“真得宋人三昧”。
吴伟业在朝为官时，杨文骢的名声并不佳，并且与被视为奸臣的马士英沾亲，与吴伟业也无深交。南明弘光时，杨文骢拥立福王有功，得到重用，任兵备副使，监军镇江。顺治三年（1646），杨文骢慷慨护国，兵败被杀，赢得了时人广泛的赞誉，或许因此缘故，吴伟业最终将他列入“画中九友”。
崇祯八年（1635），董其昌为程嘉燧题其《仿云林图》：“云林得笔于关仝，孟阳得笔于云林，此图简淡高古，无半点习气，当为神品，宜宝之。其昌观因题。”
董其昌与邵弥的来往，主要材料就是见于此次中国嘉德《画中九友集册》之邵弥《众山皆响册》的题跋：“僧弥兄精于玄门秘术，又善绘事。此册生平得意之作，元季四家不使独称擅长。其昌题。”
顺治七年（1650），王时敏筑西庐，其中的大幅壁画出自卞文瑜的手笔，王时敏作诗《润甫卞翁为余茅庵画壁，高妙直追董巨，歌以纪之》，也见于《奉常公年谱》的记载：“延画友卞润甫（名文瑜，长洲人）绘壁，高妙直追董巨公，作长歌纪之。招书城、梅村、摄六诸公觞咏其中，属和成帙。”吴伟业也在列，《西田招饮诗》提到卞文瑜作画一事。
康熙元年（1662），王鉴为卞文瑜《仿古山水册》题跋：“先生学画凡五十载，惟知赵文度一派。晚年始与余交，及遇娄东奉常烟翁，乃见画中董、巨及元季四家真迹。每至娄中观古人画，则伏卧其下，不忍释手。”可见王鉴与卞文瑜相识较晚。
张学曾于顺治十二年（1655）正月任苏州知府，十二月被弹劾离任，见于《吴县志》卷七记载。而根据《王巢松年谱》，王时敏在本年携子前去拜访过张学曾：“顺治十二年乙未。张尔唯为吾苏郡伯，元夕后莅任。与大人有旧谊，余父子抵关迎之。”王抃说二人有旧谊，可参考中国嘉德2022秋拍推出的王时敏、杨文骢、张学曾、恽向合作的《四贤山水合卷》。
《画中九友歌》中的王鉴、邵弥为五句，其余七人为四句，并注明每人的字号。这九人的身份其实各不相同，有被追谥为“文敏”的艺坛领袖董其昌，有已经为国捐躯的烈士杨span class="bjh-strong">而吴伟业都能做到以最简约的笔墨刻画出人物的鲜明特征，张弛有度，十分传神。
董其昌《丙辰七锦册》作于万历四十四年（1616），时年六十二岁。本年发生了“民抄董宦”事件，董氏“四宅焚如，家资若扫”，此册作于当年九月，民怨已经平息。
吴湖帆在1934年题跋称，董其昌设色画甚少，如《秋兴八景册》（上海博物馆藏）就是仿自赵孟頫，纯用设色。《丙辰七锦册》有三帧为设色，也是从赵孟頫法度中来，用笔、构图与《秋兴八景册》近似。
第一开款署“卢鸿草堂图樾馆”，卢鸿《草堂十志图》藏于故宫博物院，吴湖帆1932年见过原作，他认为董其昌笔下的《樾馆》神似原作，董氏自称笔法妙在率意，此作正妙在不率意。此册原有七开，1936年又收得《西岩图》，笔势苍古，尺幅稍长，宽度相同，笔致相类，吴湖帆将其合装一起。
王时敏《仿宋元山水册》分别仿吴廷晖、黄公望（3次）、董源、赵孟頫、米芾、王蒙、吴镇、倪瓒，共十开。有王鉴、释正喦对题，宋荦题旧签“王奉常仿古十图”，陈伯陶、夏敬观、吴湖帆、王同愈题跋。
第一开仿吴廷晖，王鉴于康熙十年（1671）评为“烟翁此图虽仿廷晖，实得赵文敏三昧，运笔遒美，设色华
王鉴《仿宋元山水册》分别仿惠崇、巨然、赵大年、江贯道、赵伯驹、高克恭、赵孟頫、曹知白、黄公望、倪瓒、王蒙等，共十二开，吴湖帆、王同愈题跋。1937年江浙遭遇兵乱，此册由松江故家流出，辗转至上海，“汲古阁”古董店老板曹友卿持来相示。
吴湖帆十余年来所见王鉴画册有二十三本之多，以此本为“惟一完美”，开卷神采焕发，友人孙邦瑞力劝买入以配王时敏《仿宋元山水册》。吴湖帆自小爱画若命，尤爱王时敏、王鉴，面对如此尤物，终以高价入藏。
王同愈评价极高：“廉州此册，连施重彩至六叶之多，涣烂溢目，生平所仅见。大年一幅生面别开，尤为神妙。叹观之也。”
李流芳《仿宋元山水册》作于天启二年（1622），时年四十八岁，分别仿巨然、高克恭、赵令穰、吴镇、倪瓒、米友仁、董源、徐贲、黄公望、柯九思，每开皆有对题，另有两开自跋。此册为张子薪、萧孟昉、宋荦、陈淮、陈崇本、孙毓汶、唐鸿昌旧藏，孙毓汶题签，吴湖帆、顾树森、郭兰枝、冯超然题跋。1934年，吴湖帆以毛氏汲古阁影宋钞宋词三种从蒋谷孙处换来，定为李
杨文骢《万历三才册》作于崇祯九年（1636），时年四十岁，有董其昌对题四处，题画心四处，杨文骢自题，加上陈继儒题跋，故称“万历三才”。樊增祥、黄彭年、吴湖帆、郭兰枝、冯超然题跋。此册款署“丙子春三月舟中画并题”，可知画作于崇祯九年三月，董其昌题字必在此后。
杨、董关系非同一般，本年董其昌多次为杨文骢画作题字，正月题杨文骢《山水轴》（见《过云楼书画记》卷五），九月题杨文骢《陈白庵山水卷》（上海博物馆藏），《万历三才册》的出现又为二人的交往提供了一条珍贵材料。
吴湖帆题跋：“观此可知龙友本领不在香光之下，真迹传世不及董氏十一。如此册者岂非天球河图，人间至宝者耶！”吴湖帆认为杨文骢的水平不在董其昌下，存世作品却远远不及董其昌，特为其抱不平。
程嘉燧《偈庵墨戏册》作于崇祯十一年（1638），时年七十四岁，画六开，另有一开为三年（1641）后的自题。
吴湖帆认为“九友”中程嘉燧仅次于董其昌，王时敏、李流芳对他都较为尊崇，还提到凑齐此册的意外之喜。最初他只是从钱镜塘处见到六开绘画，画品既超，笔法亦高，数年后最终买下。买到之后，友人孙伯渊来观，提起收到偈庵书笺一叶，尺寸相近，拿来之后，
张学曾《书画集锦册》，一书一画都是崇祯十五年（1642）为敬君而作，另有一开无款山水，“虽无款识，赏其笔墨，是真迹无疑。”以及崇祯二年（1629）的行书《喜雨亭记》。陆润之、邓实等人旧藏，狄平子题签，吴湖帆、郭兰枝题跋。
吴湖帆特别感叹，在“画中九友”中，张学曾最少见。宣统年间神州国光社影印过一本，当时吴湖帆尚幼，不知其名贵，如今影本都难找。吴兴庞氏藏有《秋兴八景》册，不仅无款，而且绢素黯敝，吴湖帆好不容易收集到数帧，狄平子见而叹道：难得！难得！
卞文瑜《仿宋元山水册》作于顺治二年（1645），分别仿董源、王蒙、曹知白、黄公望、吴镇等，共十开。王鸣韶、章倬、秦祖永、吴湖帆、王同愈、郭兰枝、冯超然题跋。章倬评为“此册骨气淡雅，神韵秀逸，虽子久诸君亦不能不让其出一头地也。”秦祖永评为“此册计共十页，笔墨松秀静逸，无美不臻，真元人法乳。”吴湖帆1933年得到此册，认为极为难得：“卞花龛亲炙香光，故无笔不浑，无墨不韵。梅村《九友歌》中已推崇，谓笔力凌沧州。三百年后获此，岂非厚幸！”
邵弥《众山皆响册》画八开，有邵弥（5次）、文从简（2次）、钱谦益对题，因董其昌题“众山皆响”而得名。张若霭、果亲王、励宗万、屈颂满、翁之缮、毛志訒、关冕钧、蒋祖诒等旧藏，果亲王题签，翁同龢、吴湖帆、王同愈题跋。
此册原为关冕钧旧藏，关氏去世后，下落不明，后蒋谷孙告知下落，吴湖帆辗转而得，评为“其山水每喜用绢本，故多湿笔，余所见大半如此。独此册以圆锋带渴为之，弥不精彩焕发，楮墨之间尤见神韵超绝。洵为晚岁仅有之作。”
对于画史而言，虽然“画中九友”不是一个严格的画派，却为学界广泛接受，郑午昌《中国画学全史》、俞建华《中国绘画史》都以“画中九友”为清初山水画的肇始。民国年间，甚至出现了仿效吴伟业《画中九友歌》而成的“后画中九友”“民国九友”等称呼。
因此，某种程度上说，中国绘画史是由一代代鉴藏家所构建而成的。
1928年，叶恭绰与吴湖帆相识，之后二人往来较多。吴湖帆曾将叶恭绰的来信整理为《积玉集》，其中有关于叶恭绰所作《后画中九友歌》的讨论，叶恭绰开列的九人有过不同筛选，最终定下的名单是齐白石、黄宾虹、夏敬观、吴湖帆、冯超然、溥心畬、余绍宋、张大千、邓诵先，这也是与吴湖帆沟通与商榷的结果。
对于吴湖帆而言，介入“画中九友”的收藏还有着不平凡的意义，也是家学渊源的延续。早在光绪年间，吴湖帆的祖父吴大澂写过一篇《画中七友歌》，他罗列的画家为顾沄、许镛、顾潞、陆恢、金心兰、倪田、顾麟士，自然是对吴伟业《画中九友歌》的借鉴。对于吴湖帆本人而言，他以“四王吴恽”为清代画坛正宗，也认同吴伟业提出的“画中九友”，在他本人的收藏中，董其昌与四王的作品也是最丰富的。
其实，搜集“画中九友”并不是从吴湖帆开始的，活动于清光绪年间的魏锡曾《绩语堂题跋》就提到“凡集前贤手迹成册如‘嘉定四先生’之缺唐，‘画中九友’之缺卞，难得完备，不独宋四家艰致君谟。”
1934年2月1日的日记中，吴湖帆记录下萌生汇集《画中九友集册》的念头：“得董文敏画册七帧，其中一没骨、一青绿、余四叶皆墨，六十二岁作，笔墨之精与《秋兴八景》大册仿佛，但尺寸较小耳。好在余旧藏样龙友三绝册、卞文瑜一册大小一列，亦凑合也。遂生画中九友册之奢望，不知何日克遂此愿。”
吴湖帆先是收集成了《画中九友画箑》（南京博物院藏），1939年由商务印书馆出版，不过相比于《画中九友集册》，毕竟还不是同一个体量与等级。历经十五年，吴湖帆以一己之力最终完成了《画中九友集册》的收藏，对于建构21世纪艺术史“画中九友”专题而言，是一个奇迹。
江苏省国画院研究员黄朋认为：“这套集册不仅有艺术史的内涵，又倾注着藏家的生活感受，是非常丰富、有意义的藏品。以吴湖帆为代表的研究性收藏，对于画史的贡献巨大。也正是有赖于这些历代藏家将艺术史重要的艺术流派搜集、整理、保存下来，使得后人不只在书上看到，而是真正能体会到这些艺术的感染力。”
知名美术史学者汤哲明提到：“这套《画中九友集册》是中国收藏史上的奇迹，既是收藏也是再造。这种“加题”记录的收藏方式从吴门画派开始真正有这一意识，这与吴湖帆所秉承的传统一脉相承。能做到如此高度与复杂程度，绝无仅有，吴湖帆是超过前人的。”
著名书画家、鉴赏家萧平对此给予了高度评价：“这套集册的体量为全国公私收藏中前所未见。九友中有些艺术家的作品很难收集，收藏一张都不易。这套集册在市场中的重现，是中国收藏界、艺术市场的重要发现。它的艺术价值与收藏价值，都头等重要，毫无疑问。”
原标题：从董其昌到邵弥，何以“众山皆响”？明末清初画中九友往事来源：中国嘉德
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作者：叶春及诗名：宦迹流芳卷为郑端州乃祖题 其二朝代：明全文：匹马翩翩白面郎，弹冠曾入赵佗乡。恩深展骥官非薄，最奏栖鸾鬓易苍。一代芳名存汗竹，千年遗爱在耕桑。莱公祠下西湖水，长拂春风百里棠。
李自成为什么能够流芳千古,吴三桂却为何“遗臭万年”?
吴三桂为什么遗臭万年，并不仅仅是因为他开关放满清入关，其中有一个重要因素是他太过反复无常，这样一来，就得罪了所有人，变成没有人不骂他的局面，遗臭万年是必然的。吴三桂本为明朝将领，后投降李自成，这是他第一叛，对于同情明朝的人来说，他必然是痛恨的对象。吴三桂投降李自成之后，又背叛李自成，...
...将军视死如甘贻,凛凛大节青史垂.作者和朝代是什么
清 缪钟渭 《纪大东沟战事吊总兵世昌》
兰陵王所在的朝代很短命,为啥他能够流芳百世?
兰陵王虽然大家都知道，但是有很多人都不知道他是哪个朝代的，而历史上的他却生在了一个只有26年国运的皇室中，很多百年朝廷的名将都没办法像他这样流芳百世，兰陵王究竟有哪些魅力，让后世的人们如此感兴趣？兰陵王本名叫高长恭，又叫高孝瓘、高肃。古人改名是一个常有的事情，特别是皇帝轮换比较快的...
古代中国 哪个朝代最强?
1.汉朝 是中国历史上继秦朝之后的大一统王朝，分为西汉和东汉两个时期，共历二十九帝，享国四百零五年。汉朝的开创者是高祖皇帝刘邦，而后汉文帝、汉景帝采取养生息的国策，开创了文景之治。汉武帝即位后攘夷拓土，被今人称为汉武盛世。至汉宣帝时期国力抵达极盛，史称孝宣中兴。公元8年，王莽篡汉，...
可以同性恋的是哪个朝代?女的可以当皇帝,男的可以当皇后
汉朝汉武帝，是千古一帝，但是也是男宠最多了一个皇帝了，我们所熟知的就有一个叫李延年，李延年才华横溢，但是很可惜是一个太监，他最著名的一首诗“北方有佳人。绝世而独立。一顾倾人城。再顾倾人国。宁不知倾城与倾国。佳人难再得。”被收入《乐府诗集》，流芳百世。李延年的妹妹就是历史上有名的...
中国历史上最繁荣的是哪个朝代?
中国历史上最繁荣的朝代当然是宋朝。宋朝的繁荣得益于当时统治者的开明，首先从政策上来说，自宋太祖开始就实行重文轻武，此举虽然对军事上造成了一定负面的影响，但鼓励文教却使得宋朝的文化日益繁荣，催生了诸多科技发明。像造纸术，指南针，火药等都是宋朝时期发明的。由于宋朝重文轻武，士大夫阶层奉行...
中国哪个朝代最强呢
8.煌煌大唐物宝天华人杰地灵！9.中国唯一的女皇帝只有唐朝的武则天。10.唐三藏取经天竺，鉴真远渡日本，丝绸之路贸易繁荣。11.南海商船来大食，西京祆寺建波斯。远人尽有如归乐，知是唐家全盛时。12.日本派遣唐使出使唐朝并进行了具有划时代意义的大化改革。13.唐高宗灭高句丽并设安东都督府。14....
诸葛亮架空刘禅当权臣,为何还万古流芳?
一、诸葛孔明辅佐刘禅刘禅在位数十年，回头看看有哪个朝代的统治者能够高枕无忧，快乐的像个孩子一样。刘禅也不是一无是处的人，他的统治和管控能力也是其他人看不见的；所有，刘禅在诸葛亮去世之后，依然能够支撑汉朝大业数十载。诸葛孔明也是真心辅佐刘禅，是历代忠臣的楷模。二、诸葛亮的严厉也成就了...
唐朝的诗人被称作什么?
唐朝作为封建时期一个比较繁华的朝代，出现过不少流芳千古的古诗。唐诗作为中华民族珍贵的文化遗产之一，是唐代以及宋代文人的智慧结晶，对世界上的很多国家文化发展产生了深远影响。当时的文坛中人将这些文人中诗作最好的一群人分别称为诗圣、诗仙、诗魔、诗神、诗狂、诗佛、诗鬼。杜甫作为唐代现实主义诗人，...
尘重19836135498问：
六一居士 香山居士 易安居士 东坡居士 青年居士 分别是谁 那个朝代的 - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： 青莲居士——李 白(唐代大诗人); 香山居士——白居易(唐代大诗人); 耐辱居士——司空图(唐诗人); 草堂居士——魏 野(北宋诗人); 六一居士——欧阳修(北宋文学家); 东坡居士——苏 轼(北宋文学家); 淮海居士——秦 观...
尘重19836135498问：
楚留香是什么朝代的人? - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： 古龙小说不讲朝代 注重江湖所以大部分感觉是架空的但是如果细究起来楚留香应该是明朝人 万历朝之前的人1.张三提过总督衙门 总督这个职位是明朝时才有的 所以不该是明朝以前2.书中提过两京十三省 这种叫法在明朝才有 清朝不止十三个省 ...
尘重19836135498问：
李商隐是哪个朝代的人?王朝网络？
井冈山市普洛回答： 李商隐(约813年-约858年),字义山,号玉溪(溪)生,又号樊南生,祖籍怀州河内(今河南焦作沁阳)[1] ,出生于郑州荥阳(今河南郑州荥阳市),晚唐著名诗人,和杜牧合称“小李杜”,与温庭筠合称为“温李”. 李商隐是晚唐乃至整个...
尘重19836135498问：
华佗,扁鹊,李时珍,张仲景,分别是那个朝代的人他们分别都有什么称号,和著作 - ？
井冈山市普洛回答：[答案] 华佗东汉末年人 著作青囊经 没有流传下来 扁鹊是春秋人 著作扁鹊内经和扁鹊外经 张仲景东汉人 著作伤寒杂病论 称号医圣 李时珍明朝人 著作本草纲目 称号药圣
尘重19836135498问：
李时针是哪个朝代的人 - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： 中国古代明代的人
尘重19836135498问：
李商隐是什么朝代的人?？
井冈山市普洛回答： 李商隐唐文宗开成二年(公元847年)进士及第.曾任弘农尉、佐幕府、东川节度使判官等职.早期,李商隐因文才而深得牛党要员令狐楚的赏识,后李党的王茂元爱其才将女儿嫁给他,他因此而遭到牛党的排斥.从此,李商隐便在牛李党争的夹缝中求生存,辗转于各藩镇幕僚当幕僚,郁郁不得志,潦倒终身.晚唐唐诗在前辈的光芒照耀下大有山穷水尽的下滑趋势,而李商隐又将唐诗推向了又一次高峰,是晚唐最著名的诗人,杜牧与他齐名.两人并称＂小李杜＂
尘重19836135498问：
中国古代唯物主义思想家有哪些??? 他们是哪个朝代的人??? - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： 从先秦时期起,唯物主义思想家代不乏人.战国末年,伟大的唯物主义者荀况,在宇宙论、认识论方面,坚持了唯物主义路线.比荀况略早,则有后期墨家的唯物主义思想和自然科学、数学思想.东汉时期·唯物主义思想家王充批判了谶纬神学...
尘重19836135498问：
李白是哪个朝代的人? - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： 李白(七零一-七六二),字太白,号青莲居士.祖籍陇西成纪(今甘肃天水附近),先世于隋末流徙西域,李白即生于中亚碎叶.(今巴尔喀什湖南面的楚河流域,唐时属安西都户府管辖).幼时随父迁居绵州昌隆(今四川江油)青莲乡. ...
尘重19836135498问：
小胜士 是那个朝代的?是胜士是个人名还是当时朝代的一种称号或者代表地位? - ？
井冈山市普洛回答： shèng shì ㄕㄥˋ ㄕㄧˋ 胜士(胜士)ZDIC.NE...
