毫无疑问，八大山人是著名画僧，清初四大画僧之首，八大山人20多岁出家，50多岁还俗，具有30多年的“僧龄”，是高僧大德老和尚，是学养深厚大禅师，他的画，禅思悠悠，禅义深深，禅味浓浓，可是，他的画依然不是禅画。
1694年，八大山人69岁，他画了《安晚册》，共二十二开，其中第十七开就是这幅《水仙》（图1）。
图 1.《安晚册》之十七《水仙》 二十二开 纸本墨笔
纵31.8厘米 横27.9厘米
日本泉屋博古馆藏《八大山人全集》第2册第334页
像禅画一样，八大山人的这幅《水仙》，也重意境、求本真、脱世俗、性洒脱，有一种博大的悲悯情怀，但是，禅画画景画物、画花鸟，不动心，不动气，如如不动，没情绪，没烦恼，重在表现智慧，重在将这种智慧表现为笔墨书画中的禅意禅趣禅思。八大山人的字和画，也超凡脱俗，物我两忘。八大山人出身皇亲国戚，却没有富贵气；他卖画谋生，却没有市井气。他的字与画，简洁淡雅，清新飘逸，从容不迫，不装腔作势。这幅《水仙》在色彩上，重水墨弃艳丽，在线条上洒脱不羁，既质朴，又脱俗。左上角题款“拾得”，并钤有朱文方形的“何园”印章。
这个题款和印章就反映了八大的这个心态与情思。
可是，八大山人的笔墨书画，并不是心如枯井，死水一潭。八大山人的字也好，画也好，有情绪，有烦恼，有人间烟火，有人文情怀，八大山人眼里的万事万物，都有人性的光辉；八大山人笔下的花鸟鱼草，都有情感的宣泄，八大山人画出来的一草一木、一花一鸟、一石一水，都有着人生的痛感，有生命的傲气，也有对人世间苦难的怜悯。
毫无疑问，八大山人的画是文人画，不求工整与形似，也是随兴所至，多取材于山水花鸟，也以笔情墨趣抒发心中之逸气，凸显神韵和意境，讲究诗情、文心和画意，画中有书卷气，画外有文人味，陈衡恪认为文人画要具备的人品、学问、才情、思想四要素，八大山人都具备。
这幅《野凫图轴》（图2）作于1691年，八大山人时年66岁。
图 2.《野凫图轴》 纸本墨色 纵68厘米 横27.3厘米
武汉市文物商店藏《八大山人全集》第1册第217页
幽深冷寂，是八大山人的明显特点。中国许多文人，比如倪瓒、董其昌的画也有冷寂旷远、荒寒空寂、萧散超逸的格调，但那更多是一种富人、官人、贵人、闲人的“把玩”心态，中国历史上的许多文人画，都是在很优雅、很优越、很富足、很悠闲地表达自己的感觉、感受和感情，他们画人画景和画物，也强调传神，但主要是很传神地描绘那些异己的人物或景象，都与他们自身的生命激情不见得有密切的血缘关联，艺术家本人的人生感悟、心路历程与文人画的情感格调并不是那么息息相关、血脉相融。
八大山人一生坎坷，他的幽冷与董其昌、倪云林等的优渥、优雅完全不同。八大的幽冷继承和发扬了中国画的传统，也受到禅宗和道家思想的影响，更有他自身的人生体验和心灵感受。他的山水、花鸟画虽然是曲折地，却更有震撼力、更有艺术性地展示画家的内心世界。八大山人以自己的人生遭际感受而苍凉入画，他的一枝一叶，都是自己生命的骨血，他的鸟啼涧鸣，都是自己内心的无声歌哭；他的奇石怪禽，都是自己性格的傲岸写真；他的绘画形象都是自己心态的真实写照。
在八大山人那里，千百年来的中国画又有了一种生命意识、生命尊严、生命自信的深刻觉醒。
八大山人向往的是一个什么样的世界？
图 1.《荷花屏》 四条 绢本设色
纵 364.4 厘米 横 70.3 厘米 中国美术馆藏
《八大山人全集》第 2 册第 266页
八大山人对他所处的那个社会和时代是不适应、不满意、不合作也是极无奈的，他在作品中流露和表现出来的情绪与性格，反映了明清交替之际的时代情绪和文化性格。那么，八大山人向往一个什么样的世界呢？这在他的人生态度中可以看出来。这就来看看八大山人是怎样通过他的绘画作品来展现他向往的世界。
八大山人特别喜欢画荷花，他一生画了大量的荷花，画得特别好，特别美，特别感动人。清代的龙科宝在《八大山人画记》中评价说：八大山人的作品中，“最佳者为松、莲、石三种，莲尤胜，胜不在花而在叶，叶叶生动，有特出侧见如擎盖者，有委折如蕉者，有含风一叶而正见侧出各半者，有反正各全露者，在其用笔深浅皆活处辨之，又有崖畔秀削若天成者。”
比如这幅现藏于中国美术馆的八大山人《荷花四条屏》（图 1），此画是一幅宏篇巨作，高达整整 3.65 米。3.65 米呀，相当于两个 1.8 米的大高个人一样高，这哪里是莲花呀，简直是荷叶树，是荷叶林，是一片“莲”与“荷”的世界。
欣赏此画，真像龙科宝所说，八大山人虽然擅长于画松树、石头，但画得最好的还是莲花。八大山人的莲花画得好，并不是好在荷花，而是好在荷叶。虽然此画的中心也画了一朵荷花，十分亮眼，但尤其让人惊叹的是那满画面的荷叶，荷叶田田，遮天盖地。仔细欣赏此画的各种荷叶，真是“叶叶生动”，片片传神，右下方侧出的荷叶就像擎盖一般，上方的荷叶曲折垂下，就像巨大的芭蕉叶一样，而荷叶有的是正面、有的是反面，却无不生意氤氲，处处妙笔天成。
看着八大山人的这些荷叶，如巨伞、如华盖、如蕉叶、如树荫，我们不禁想起张大千先生的荷花。张大千也是画荷花的高手。1949 年 2 月，何香凝先生专门登门拜访张大千先生，张大千先生应何香凝先生之请，为毛主席画了一张《荷花图》（图 2）。
图 2. 张大千《荷花图》
张大千先生在画上落有题款：“润之先生法家雅正。己丑二月大千张爰。”
张大千先生画了两片卓然飘逸的巨型荷叶，仿佛在傲然地随风舒展，荷叶中间还有一朵洁白的荷花正灿然开放。比较一下八大山人的这幅荷花图，就可发现，两位大师之间似乎有某种相通之处，都是荷叶巨大如擎盖，只不过，八大山人蕴含凝聚，风格内敛一些，而张大千先生尽情挥洒，用墨更加淋漓酣畅。张大千先生认为：“中国画重在笔墨，而画荷是用笔用墨的基本功。”
不过，比较张大千先生的荷花，品读龙科宝评析的妙处，八大山人的荷叶还有一点是张大千先生所不及、也是龙科宝未说透的，那就是八大山人的荷茎也画得特别好。（图 3）范曾先生的评价尤为精到：八大山人画荷花梗，其境界刚柔并济，充溢饱满水分，又摇曳多姿。
图 3.《荷花屏》（局部）
《八大山人全集》第 2 册 266 页
你看，这《荷花屏》中那荷茎的“笔”的勾勒游走，那荷叶的“墨”的泼洒渲染，形成有意有趣有味的对比。那满画面的细细的荷茎，竟然是一个个有根有灵魂的活泼生动的精灵：把这些荷梗荷茎单独拿出一根来看，不管哪一根，它都是自下而上，悠悠然，曲曲然，节节升高，气韵沛然。把这些荷梗荷茎放在一起来看，这些荷梗荷茎相互穿插，东游西走，随意枝蔓，自由活泼，整个画面的物象似乎有些凌乱随意，虽然有些躁动不安，却把画面分隔成无数个艺术空间，让人们感受到意境一是空灵，二是风韵，三是清新。
首先，八大的荷花图有一种清新活泼感。《华严经》上说：“无上清凉。”李叔同（弘一）皈依佛门后在 30 年代就写过一幅“无上清凉”的作品。（图 4）
图 4. 弘一法师《无上清凉》
弘一的这幅作品上有“大方广佛华严经句，江州匡山寺沙门偏照”的款识，还有“佛（肖形）、弘一”的印鉴。他的这四个字，笔墨含蓄稳重，心无挂碍，“朴拙圆满，浑若天成”。
八大山人的《荷花屏》画就是一个无上清凉世界。这是他向往的世界，在宁静空灵之处，升腾起生命的气韵，有一种无处不在的活泼。
其次，八大的荷花图有一种禅意。丁家桐在《八大山人画传》构拟了八大在耕香书院里的一段对话：
老和尚问：“何处来？”
朱耷答：“苦海来。”
“哪里去？”
“去清净地。”
老和尚微微睁开眼，看了看年轻人：“清净地也是极苦地。”
朱耷沉吟半晌：“心地光明，无苦无甜，苦也是甜。”
八大的荷花图正是表现了这种光明灵动、无苦无甜、苦也是甜的人生思考和美学意境。
最后，八大的荷花图中喷发出一种强烈的生命意识与思考、人的尊严，有一种生命的意象和生活的理想。朱良志先生认为：八大山人的画就像《金刚经》一样，荡尽人间的烟尘，刊落世界的浮华，直接切入到人生命的真实世界。朱良志先生说他在研究八大山人的时候，有一个抹不去的影像，那就是一个生活在污泥中的人做着清洁的梦。这话概括得十分准确、十分传神。
八大山人的一生，经历了长期的追捕、追杀、躲藏、逃禅，走过了无数沟沟坎坎，看够了人世间的冷漠隔膜，但一直在呼唤着心灵间的温情关爱，向往纯洁清净的世界。到了晚年，八大山人还把自己的住所取名为“在芙山房”“何园”。“芙”者，“芙蓉”“荷花”也。“何”者，“荷”也。“何园”就是“荷园”。八大山人就是想“在芙蓉国”，“在荷花园”，成为一位“荷园主人”。当然，“何”者，也有“何处”的意思。八大山人用“何园”发出了他向往的那个无上清凉世界究竟在何处的呼喊，表达了他对荷花那种清静世界的向往。
八大山人一生都在寻找“荷园”这样一个摇曳多姿的“自在的场头”，这样一个气韵生动的“清凉的世界”。他要装点出满满一个世界的荷花清香。
那是他的旷世梦幻。
《荷花翠鸟图轴》的平和与清新
《荷花翠鸟图轴》 纸本墨笔
纵32.5厘米 横26厘米
中国美术学院藏《八大山人全集》第1册第190页
这幅《荷花翠鸟图轴》的底部，不是那漂在水面的田田浮萍，也不是尖角才露的清新小荷，而是一片厚厚的、大大的荷叶，浓墨重笔、铺天盖水，从这一片荷叶中，可以想象出那满园、满塘、满世界的无边无尽的荷叶，从这一片荷叶中，可以想象出那虫鸣蛙叫的盛夏。
然后，从这一片密密厚厚的荷叶中，或直或斜地穿插出几根长长的芦苇秆。厚重宽大的底部荷叶，靠这几根细细的芦苇荷梗，托起的竟是一片朗朗天空，这种块与线的组合，浓墨与湿笔的变化，荷叶与苇秆的搭配，竟然构建出一个宁静而空阔的水面空间，营造出一个寂静而清新的生存环境。八大山人的表现力真让人惊叹和赞叹。
尤为亮眼的是，那根芦苇斜斜地、悠悠地一路上来，伸到画面中间，竟然顶出一只可爱的翠鸟。虽然，在这个空阔无边、寂静无声的世界里，这样一只小鸟就这么孤零零地立在细细的芦苇秆顶端，但它也不管这空阔的世界是不是有好的景致，它也不看这宁静的水面是不是有潜在的危机，它低着头，闭着眼，伸着长长的嘴巴，怡然自得，旁若无人，好像在养神，似乎在冥想。
这幅作品的题款和印章也很有讲究，它不盖在右上角，也不钤在左下部，你看，在画面正中间，在几根线条分割的空间里，有一题款“八大山人画”，还钤有一枚“八还”的朱文长方形印。
这幅《荷花翠鸟图轴》有什么特点呢？
首先是物象不多，但组合与构图精妙绝伦，配物绘景出神入化，用极少的笔墨表现出极生动的事物与极复杂的意象。他把倪云林的简约疏宕、王蒙的清明华滋推向了一个更加纯正、更加酣畅的高度。
其次是手笔宏大，意境空阔。虽然摄取的是一个小角度，绘画的是一个小场景，一只小翠鸟，一种细微的神态，却给人一种大场面，大情怀，大视野，用笔用墨，放任恣纵，浑朴酣畅又明朗秀健。画外有画，画外有情，让人从小小的画面联想到无限的空间。
三是整个画面有一种节奏和韵味。细微细节的刻画上，欲扬先抑，含而不露。意境的构思上，能大开大合，纵横捭阖，于豪放中有温雅，于单纯中有含蓄，张弛起伏，妙趣天成。你看，这只小鸟孤零零地立于高高的危芦之上，处于空空的世界之中，却那么悠闲、自在、自如，特别有趣的是，八大山人还似乎不经意地从她的身后升起一根长长的苇秆，又枯笔拖扫，在她的头上撑起一片宽宽的叶子，就像是为她举起一面旗帜，又像是为她撑起一个华盖，这是礼赞，这是颂歌。
四是笔墨清新，洒脱自如。八大山人的画作中，看不到那种咬牙切齿、青筋毕露、精心营造、刻意为之的痕迹，苍劲圆秀，清逸横生，情感自然流露，天机自然呈现。
《鱼乐图轴》里的小生命与大空间
图 1.《鱼乐图轴》 纸本墨笔
纵 134.5 厘米 横 60.6 厘米
美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆藏
《八大山人全集》第4册第780页
这幅《鱼乐图轴》（图1），作于1696年（康熙三十五年），八大山人时年71岁。此画现藏于美国纽约大都会艺术博物馆。
如何欣赏此画呢？
一是看他构图布局。《鱼乐图轴》的构图，整体成对角构置，上下有两座石崖，一大一小，一高一低，一远一近，上边那块从左边凌空斜出，雄浑朴茂，下边那块奇险幽涩，嶙怪古拙。
在画面右上方的空白处，有题款“柔兆”“八大山人”，还钤有“可得神仙”的白文方形印和“八大山人”的白文方形印。
二是看他描绘物象。先看他画山。用笔用墨无不精到传神。此画之中，下部的怪石用笔沉稳多变，且墨气淋漓，秀润内含，具有深长的金石意味。画中上部的怪石则相反，乃一笔勾画而成，中锋取势，一气呵成，行笔矫如游龙，苍劲有力，展现了八大山人极其浓厚的书法功力。
再看他画水，虽然石崖占据了大部分画面，但石崖之间留出的空白，却展示出一片更大的水面，水天一色，云雾浩瀚，空空如也似无形，可高山深谷无底，水天空荡无边，天山云雾都隐现在空白之中，简洁凝练，意蕴丰富，达到了“画留一分空，生气随之发”的空灵境界。
最为精彩的，还在于八大山人画鱼。这幅画上，两石之间，水面之中，有七条灵动活泼的小鱼游荡其间。虽然山崖极其大，游鱼极其小，而那两块大面的石崖却使得小鱼尤为突出抢眼，人们第一眼就被小鱼吸引过去。鱼儿虽小，却占据了画面的中心，耐人寻味。石崖之间的大片水面远接天边，小鱼翔游其间，生机活泼，情趣无限。（图 2）
图 2.《鱼乐图轴》局部 1
三是看他调动观画者的想象力。八大山人善于调动观画者的潜能，在观画者的积极参与下，拓展出极其广阔的想象空间。比如，这幅画，画了山，画了鱼，并没有画水，但我们却一眼就能看到水；两座石崖矗立对峙，狭窄仄逼，我们感觉到了水的深度，感觉到了水的开阔，真是不着一笔而气象万千。
四是他善于运用对比手法。这幅画的石之大与鱼之小、山之高与水之低、物之近而天之远、山之静与鱼之动，都形成了强烈的对比对照，在对比对照下，大山尤显其大，小鱼却不显其小，反而特别抢眼，灵动，传神。特别是山和水，鱼和水的并列对比，更让人瞭望到空间的广阔无限，享受到时间的亘古久远，感觉到意境的雄浑高古。（图 3）
图 3.《鱼乐图轴》局部 2
五是他长于大胆剪裁。善于以最少的笔墨绘出内容最丰富的画面，笔墨处理清脱洗练，弃杂取精，以神取形，以意舍形，言简意赅。八大山人的笔墨无多，削尽冗繁，以一当十，而气势磅礴，姿态非凡。
六是他观察事物精细入微。用笔细腻如发丝，那小鱼尤为精细传神。有些论者只是粗粗一看，还以为只有二三尾小鱼，其实是七条。你看，图 2 处两条，图 3 处四条，图 4 处还有一条，一共 7 条。
图 4.《鱼乐图轴》局部 3
而如此精粹极工的笔墨，却是无意为之，涉事而为，极其洒脱。你看那鱼儿虽小，放大来看，一笔带过，一挥而就，却是神龙活现，气韵生动。
八大山人这只不合作的鸟
这只鸟是八大山人《杂画卷》的局部（图1）。《杂画卷》的全貌以及这只鸟在全图中的位置，请见图2：
图1 《杂画卷》局部
《杂画卷》作于1693年（康熙三十二年癸酉），八大山人68岁。是他晚年成熟期的精品。想想看，这幅画长近5米。那么，八大山人在这么长的一幅长卷上画了些什么呢？
图2 《杂画卷》 纸本墨笔 纵26厘米 横471厘米
这幅长卷的卷首，钤有“蒍艾”一印。（图 4）
再看这幅长卷的末尾，八大山人有落款（图 3）：
“昭阳大梁之重九日画八大山人”。
图4 “蔿艾”印
图3 《杂画卷》末尾
“昭阳大梁之重九日画”是什么意思呢？“昭阳”为十干中“癸”的别称，《尔雅·释天》：“（太岁）在癸曰昭阳。”《淮南子·天文训》：“亥在癸曰昭阳。”“大梁”为十二星次之一，与十二辰相配为“酉”，是为癸酉年。“重九日”就是农历九月初九，因含两个九，俗称重阳。因此，这个落款是说此画画于1693年（癸酉）九月初九，但八大山人绝不会用清皇帝的年号（康熙三十二年），也不愿用天干地支，就用了这种表示时间的方法。
这幅长卷的末尾还钤有“可得神仙”（图5）、“八大山人”（图6）二印。八大的艺术总是带有强烈的感情色彩和复杂的精神内涵，这幅作品十分传神而含蓄地表现了八大山人孤独幽愤的心境：一只孤鸟孤零零地站在一块大石头上，就像在闹别扭，在和整个世界不合作，过不去。
图5 “可得神仙”印
图6 “八大山人”印
这只鸟的形象很怪，扭着一个不屈的头，缩着一个倔强的颈，弓着一个紧绷的背，郁结着一口永远也喘不了的深长之气；动态也怪，紧藏着一条收缩之腿，另一细细的足负荷着全部沉重的身躯，像紧压的弹簧；神情也怪，半颗眼珠几乎挤近脑门，大片眼白，眼前的世界一片漠然。它翻着白眼，像是告诉人说：我虽然有翅不能飞，有嘴不能鸣，怨气塞满腔，梗着脖子不投降。
这只鸟的笔墨非常美，凡嘴、眼、足勾勒极尽凝重、紧劲笔致，头、胸、翅羽水墨处尽氤氲灵变韵致；墨色淡处如冰，浓处如烟，浓淡交融里逼出的眼白，浑如夜空乌云间的漏月。
这只鸟在构图上，与此意境相应，鸟禽被安排在一块没有花草的傲然顽石上，独与“空”来往。但是，纵观全幅作品，可看出另外一番意思。这幅《杂画卷》上一共有三只鸟，别看卷中的这只孤鸟，气鼓鼓、憋憋屈屈的，可这幅长卷一开卷，就是两只温馨、亲密的小鸟：
八大山人的画有一个特点，如果画的是一只鸟，那么，这只鸟的眼神、体态、站姿，都是怒目金刚式的，或愤世嫉俗式的，表现的是对环境的不满、不屑，可一旦是两只鸟，那这两只鸟之间多半是温情脉脉，相见语依依，它们在严酷的环境下展现的是抱团取暖，相濡以沫。（图 7）
图7 《杂画卷》里的两只鸟
但是，不管是这一只孤独愤懑的鸟，还是那两只相语依依的鸟，八大山人对这个环境都是不搭理、不合作的，是格格不入的。面对清王朝野蛮的军事行动、血腥的残暴杀戮、严酷的政治迫害、高压的文化政策，八大山人手无杀鸡之力，更无武力抗清之行，是弱小无力、微不足道的，但他为自己构筑起了一个价值世界和精神家园，他的内心是强大的，他的操守是坚定的，他的价值追求是向上向善的。在明清交替的这个历史转折当口，八大山人在不能改变历史、左右世界的时候，坚守了自己的人格、操守和价值，这既是中国文人的文化传统，也是八大山人受人尊重的精神所在。
总之，八大山人的这只鸟，表现了人与环境的关系，表现了人在特定环境下的姿态、情绪和立场，更表现出中国文人的文化传统、价值理念和内在精神。
不 语 禅
八大山人绘画欣赏
《渴笔山水册》之一
《猫》
《杂画册》之猫1684年 北京故宫博物院藏
《耄耋图》
《猫石图》
《猫石图》
《猫石花卉图》局部
八大山人 蜷猫图
八大山人《猫石图》
八大山人《耄耋图》
八大山人《猫》
八大山人 卧猫
八大山人 猫石图
朱耷,牛石慧 猫雀树石
八大山人《蕉荫猫石图》
八大山人《耄耋图》
八大山人 猫
引首【释文】安晚。少文反所游履，图之于室，此志也。甲戌夏至退翁先生属书 八大山人 【钤】黄竹园（白文方形印）八大山人（白文方形印）
瓶花 【花押】个相如吃【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
玉兰 【款】 八大山人 【钤】禊堂（白文长方形印）
山水 【题识】向者约南登，往复宗公子。荆巫水一斛，已涉图画里。八大山人画并题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
竹石 【款】 八大山人【钤】个相如吃（白文方形印）
鳜鱼 【题识】左右此何水，名之曰曲河。更求渊注处，料得晚霞多。八大山人画并题 【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）禊堂（白文长方形印）
鸟石 【款】黄竹园画 八大山人【钤】黄竹园（白文方形印）
荷花 【花押】个相如吃【钤】在芙山房（白文方形印）
猫 【题识】林公不二门，出入王与许。如公《法华》疏，象喻者笼虎。八大山人题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
荷花小鸟 【花押】个相如吃【钤】在芙（白文长方形印）
葡萄 【花押】个相如吃 【钤】艾（朱文长方形印
小鱼 【题识】到此偏怜憔悴人，缘何花下两三旬。定昆明在鱼儿放，木芍药开金马春。八大山人画并题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
巨石 【题识】闻君善吹笛，已是无踪迹。乘舟上车去，一听主与客。八大山人题【钤】可得神仙（白文方形印）
瓜鼠 【款】黄竹园画 八大山人【钤】可得神仙（白文方形印）
花 【花押】 三月十九日 【款】 八大山人【钤】个相如吃（白文方形印）
芙蓉 【花押】个相如吃【钤】忝鸥兹（朱文长方形印）
水仙 【款】拾得【钤】何园（朱文方形印）
双禽 【花押】个相如吃 【钤】艾（朱文长方形印）
水仙 【花押】个相如吃【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
书法【钤】在芙山房（白文方形印） 八大山人（白文方形印）八大山人（朱文无框屐形印） 【鉴藏印】 武林袁氏春圃珍藏印泥门宝秘
鹌鹑 【题识】竟作一日谈，胸怀若雄雌。黄金并白日，都负五坊儿。甲戌重阳八大山人画并题【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印）
山水 【题识】蓬莱水清浅。为退翁先生写 壬午一阳之日拾得 【钤】八大山人（朱文无框屐形印） 拾得（白文长方形印）
行楷臨《興福寺半截碑》 (冊 ･廿頁)
行草書白居易《北窗三友詩》 (三頁)
行草書臨黃道周尺牘 (兩冊頁)
草書耿湋《題清源寺詩》 (軸)
行楷書《臨河集序》 (冊頁)
行楷節錄韓愈《送李愿歸盤谷序》 (冊頁)
行楷書孫逖《奉和李右相中書壁畫山水詩》 (冊頁)
行楷書杜甫《戲題王宰畫山水圖歌詩》 (冊頁)
行楷書張九齡《題畫山水障詩》 (冊頁)
行楷臨王寵書閻防《夕次鹿門山作詩》 (冊頁)
行楷書曾鞏《山水屏詩》 (冊頁)
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成功的八大心态感想感悟
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称荔15787981177问：
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称荔15787981177问：
对八大心态的感想感悟 - ？
乐清市双可回答：[答案] 1成败,成败皆非永恒,输得起才赢得了 2贫富,贪者虽富而贫,知足虽贫而富 3淡泊,神马都是浮云 4幸福,感觉幸福就是幸福 5宁静,宁静是生命最好的状态 6仁爱,仁者无敌 7忍辱, 8生死 字数限制
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态的感想感悟“成就,学习,付出,宽容,平常,乐观,自律,感恩”怎么理解? - ？
乐清市双可回答： 八大心态,相辅相成,首先你有一颗乐观的平常的心去对待每一件事情,用宽容的心去体谅每一件事情和每一个人,因为人没有十全十美,得学会宽容谅解,其次对待事情自我的约束力决定对某件事情是否能够认真对待,人生本来就得付出努力,付出劳动,没有不劳而获的成果,尽自己最大的努力留最小的遗憾去把要做的事情做好,活到老学到老,我们无时不刻不在学习,谦虚的多学多问,走到哪里都要不断的学习,才能让自己更加的自信,最重要的我们要学会感恩,一颗感恩的心,对待父母,朋友,老师同学,那些帮助过我们的人哪怕一点的小事,因为我们没有权利让别人帮我们,别人也没有义务帮我们,一个感恩的心生活,人生处处充满色彩,努力让自己有自己所谓的小小成功.
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态的感想感悟 - ？
乐清市双可回答： 宽容心态 在付出心态里,提到了宽容,有的朋友可能不理解宽容该怎么样去做,其实,我觉得,说的简单,做起来也不难,只要自己想去做.“人非圣贤,孰能无过”我们生活的是一个人际圈子,人与人之见难免会有些摩擦,发生摩擦的时候,...
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态感想感悟怎么回答,简单一点,各位急啊!!! - ？
乐清市双可回答： “成就、学习、付出、宽容、平常、乐观、自律、感恩”八大心态 成就:做事要有成就感 觉得自己付出就有得到了回报 不管成功和失败都是经验 学习:人只有在不断的学习中才能成长,不能让自己养成惰性的习惯,原地踏步就是在后退; 付出:想要收获必须付出,天下没有白吃的午餐,只有通过自己辛勤的付出才会得到; 宽容:宰相肚里能撑船,自己要豁达,不要太过于关注不好的事情. 平常:对待事情的心态,不能大喜大悲.平常心 乐观:开心也是过一天,不开心也是过一天.我们要选择积极向上的生活态度; 自律:一个人只有养成良好的习惯,才会成功.不要随便给你自己找理由,放松对自己的要求;
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态总结 - ？
乐清市双可回答： 八大心态:“成就、学习、付出、宽容、平常、乐观、自律、感恩”,现在结合自身情况,谈谈个人的心得体会.本文是八大心态的心得的体会,欢迎阅读. 心态表示一个人的精神状态,心态的好坏,在于平常的及时调整和修炼并形成习惯.人活在世上,凡事都要看开点,看远点,看淡点,心胸要豁达些、大度些,相信“任何事情的发生必有利于我、”且“办法总比困难多”,也就没有流不出的水和搬不动的山,更没有钻不出的窟窿及结不成的缘.人活的快乐,就必须要有一个好心态.有位哲人说得好,“既然现实无法改变,那么只有改变自己.
称荔15787981177问：
求八大心态的感想感悟的作文一篇3千至5千字有急用, - ？
乐清市双可回答：[答案] 一;成就心态{成就心态是成功人士的心理支柱}一个人要想成就一番事业,首先必须树立成就心态,也就是说敢于立志;敢于梦想的积极心态,是一切事业成功的基本心态,每个人都有属于自己的梦想,梦想是深藏在我们内心深处最...
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态感悟感想是什么 - ？
乐清市双可回答： “成就、学习、付出、宽容、平常、乐观、自律、感恩”八大心态 .
称荔15787981177问：
读了八大心态后的感想 - ？
乐清市双可回答： 感恩心态是一条倍增生命价值的心路,是指对自己有过恩惠或帮助自己的人和事物所产生的感激.感恩心态 能为我们事业的发展提供动力,如果说各种心态构建一辆奔向成功的汽车,那么成就心态是发动机,宽容心态是化油器,付出心态是车轮...
称荔15787981177问：
八大心态的总结 - ？
乐清市双可回答： 心态即人们在日常生活及工作中所表现出来的心理及行为状态.从生活的磨砺与工作的积累,让我对心态有了独自的看法和理解,我认为,一个成功或有所作为的人应该具备以下基本的八大心态: 一、准备心态:即为人的生涯规划,...
