用英文例举3个中西方文化差异
这个问题很大,只能概括的讲一讲。中国文化的核心是“天人合一”,中国人思考问题是用综合的思维模式。而西方人则不同,他们讲究的是二分法,喜欢把问题分开来看。这应当是中西文化最大的差异了。
随着经济全球化的加快,新文化产生了。正如你所说的“中西文化结合”,引用palen的话“这样也是一种文化”。其实反过来想也是蛮有道理的--如果我们国家伟大文化跟不上时代的步伐,被淘汰掉也就不稀奇了。我不明白很多人在急些什么(不是这儿的人),正如你所说的我们的前年文化可能在一朝一夕间就完全变成纯种的西方文化(说白了更多的是美国文化)吗?答案显然不可能。但中西文化结合给与我们一个警示:如果我们没有捍卫我们认为有价值的文化的意识,那我们的文化就真的要灭亡了!
说起我们同胞对西方“不三不四”认识的例子就太多了。我本人在澳洲留学,上学期公车上碰到了2个来澳州培训英语的江苏的大学教师。你说老师说话一般都是有凭有据的,说出来有一定的公信力吧。可其中的一个拽的根什么是地说在这里读大学比在国内读要轻松吧。我乍一听就气得跟什么似的,你说说哪有这么说话的?我平时感报告到凌晨3点时他在干什么?睡觉!他凭什么全盘否认了我作出的努力。没错,每次在学校我们个个看起来很轻松,但如果没有我赶到3点的报告,怎么会有我最终得满分学分?平时吃饭说话大声就算了,为什么等热饭的时候不排排队?我的西方同学们对此怨声载道,由此他们竟然等了半小时都没热到饭!出门在外我真的不想说他们的坏话,因为说他们就好像在说自己,可是不得不说他们真得很没有教养。不过就是一群重当学生的老师,他们凭什么夜郎自大地对这里的现象进行主观的批判。狭隘的老师们!哼!真为他们感到可耻!真是愧为人师,是问像这样的老师能教出什么好学生来?
希望我们大家能尊重彼此的文化,不要一味地学习“拿来主义”,行动前好好想像有没有冒犯到对方,从而更理性地看待中西文化结合。
The culture differences between the East and West
As we know ,there are so many differences between culture of the East and West that I can not list all of their different aspects.I will focus on the differences of diet custom and teaching system.For your better understanding ,I will set examples of China and America.
It is no doubtthat it is a tradition to use chopsticks for Chinese.But people in America prefer to forks and knives.This different result is based on different food they like .Americans choose to eat beefsteak,bread,and salad,while Chinese people choose noodles ,pancakes and rice.What is more,the custom of drinking tea in China and drinking coffee in America are stand out particularly.However,there is a trend that the food in both countries has been mixture.For example,the coffee and bread have introduced to China.The famous KFC is very popular at children.
The gap of teaching system between China and America is big.Chinese students always complain about their homework.Too much homework has limited the time to exercise and relax.They have to recite many things as to get a high mark.Homework comes the first to them.
In my opinion,the study in America is more interesting .Teachers pay attentions to training students skills in thinking in realastic life not to emphasis on the importances of memories.In a addition,the rate of going to school ,the salary of teaching ,and the job of gruduates are quite different,too.I should say that Chima government should make great efforts to improve its teaching syetem.I am also expect to be one day ,the West give more cheersto our country.
The Difference between Chinese and Western Culture
Different nations have different cultures during the long developing history. Various cultural factors resulted in different language forms. According to observation, analysis, and study, the discrepancies between the Chinese and Western culture include culture of allusions, of numbers, of colors, etc.. It is an important issue to understand and handle the relationship between culture and language while translating English idioms. Meanwhile, language is not only the culture’s important content but also the carrier of culture, so culture and language are a whole. Since different culture gives rise to alternative language structures, while translating, you must know its fundamental cultural obstacles, and then you can do translation more correctly and suitably.
I.What is cultural difference?
There are many meanings of the word “culture”. Sometimes, we say that people who know about music, art, and literature are cultured. However, for anthropologist, the word “culture” has a different meaning. To an anthropologist the word “culture” means all the ways that a group of people think, feel, art, and dress. The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English gives such an explanation of culture: the customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time.
Different nations hold different cultures. For instance, “full moon” symbolizes jubilation and reunion in China, and “a bright moon in the sky” makes people feel quiet and at leisure. Ideas of beauty differ from one culture to another. For example, the Flathead Indian of North America used to bind the heads of babies between board so they would have long sloping foreheads. In the Flathead culture, long sloping foreheads were beautiful. Other cultures might think that they are strange-looking and unattractive. For another example, when people die, different cultures deals with their bodies in different ways. Sometimes bodies are buried. Sometimes bodies are buried under the ground. In many cultures in the past, people were buried with food, weapons, and other things that might be useful in the next life. For instance, the ancient Egyptians buried people with little human figures which were from clay. This clay figures were intended to work the death person in the other world.
From these examples, we can see that cultures are quite different from one country to another. It is brief that different people do the same things or consider the same things in different ways.
II. Several aspects of the cultural difference in language
There are many different cultural differences in language, such as culture of appellation, culture of euphemism, culture of tourism, culture of colors, culture of numbers, and culture of allusions. It may influence the quality of translation, if you do not realize these cultural differences in language what I will discuss in the following paragraphs are the two aspects: culture of numbers and translation, culture of colors and translation.
Culture of numbers and translation
Numbers are used here and there so that culture of numbers has come into being.
Cultures are carried by language, and there are differences between the English and Chinese languages. The differences her I will mention is not the one of the figure’s calculation or arrangement, but the different phenomenon of idioms composed of numbers displayed in the two different cultures.
As far as Chinese culture is concerned, there are numerous Chinese idioms and idiomatic usages with “numbers”, we are familiar with them: 一目了然;一唱一和;三天打鱼,两天晒网;三长两短;七嘴八舌;三年笛里关山月,万国兵前草木兵(杜甫《洗兵马》),etc. If you want to translate these Chinese idioms into English literally, the version will not be accepted by western culture. For example, translate “ 一目了然” into “one eye sees it all clearly”; “七嘴八舌” into “seven mouths and eight tongues”; “三长两短” into “three longs and two shorts”; no one will understand what does it really mean.
And in English culture, there exists culture of numbers everywhere, which deals with many fields, showing that culture of numbers should be paid attention to, too. “seven ” is holy and mysterious number which is regarded as a lucky numbers, if “seven” or “nine” times any of the odd numbers, and your age is one of them: 21,27,35,45,49,63,81, you will be considered as the one who has a dangerous time. The seventh son of one’s seventh son is always accepted as an outstanding. And what is more, there are many idiomatic usages with “seven” in English culture. For instance, how do you translate this sentence into Chinese: Seventy times seven did I take counsel with my soul. Some one will translate it like this: 我在内心深处考虑了多达七十七次,but the right one should like this: 我在内心深处不知考虑了多少次。Here “seventy times seven” can be translated into “很大的数目” which comes from the Bible: Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, until seven times: but, until seventy times seven.
From the above examples we can see that, either Chinese or English idioms with numbers, we should translate them freely for cultural differences exist everywhere.
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